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2 NELUMBO vols NELUMBO 55:214-218, 2013 ISSN 0976 5068 LACTARIUS FENNOSCANDICUS (RUSSULACEAE) ANEW RECORD FOR INDIA KANnp Das. Botanical Survey of nda, Cppogamy Unit PO. Indian Bote Garden, Howrah 711103, ‘Emil [email protected] Members of Lactarius sect. Delicioi (Fr) Redeuilh, Vebeken & Walleyn are quite popular in European countries a they are taken with delicacy but, in India, especially in Sikkim they are not so appreciated by the local people. During the Macrofungal explorations undertaken in 2011 and 2012 tthe different parts (Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary, Dombang valley, Lachung, Lachen, Zems, Kalep) of North district of Sikkim the author came across few members of Lactarius sect. Delciosi. They were mainly collected from the coniferous to sixed forests dominated by the tres lke Picea, Abies, Larix, Tuga, Rhododendron, Acer and Betula. Out of these collections one appears tobe an interesting taxon namely, Lactarius fenmoscandicus Verbeken & Vestech. and is reported herein forthe frst time from this subcontinent with its detailed description coupled with the relation with its allied taxa. Supporting macro- and mieromorphologcal illustrations re also given in this communication, -Macromorphological characterization was made in the field or base camp from the fresh basdiomata. Field photographs of the fresh basidiomata were taken withthe aid of Nikon D300s. Colour codes and terms follow lenderson al. (1969) which s indicated inthe description as “a” and Kornerup & Wancher (1981), indicated in the descriptions as “b". For recording the colour ofthe spre print Krazlin (2005) was used andis refered ton the description as “e”. Samples were allowed to dry with afield drier. In the laboratory, micromorphological characters were recorded from the dry samples mounted ine mixture of 5% KOH, 1% Phloxin, Congo red, a, d 30% Glycerol and Melzers reagent. Macromorphological drawings were made from the fresh basidiomata. Drawings of basidiospores were made at 8000 * magnification and of other micromorphological structures at 1000 x magnification, Basidium length excludes the length of sterigmata, Measurements of spores are recorded based onthe observation of twenty basidiospores. Spores are measured in side view and measurements are given as KDa-KDe-KDb x KDx-KDz-KDy in which KDa= minimum value for the length of measured collections, KDb = maximum value forthe length of measured collections, KDg = mean value fr the length of measured collections and KDx = minimum value forthe width of measured collections, KDy = maximum value forthe width of measured collections, KDz = mean value for the width ofthe measured collections. Quotient of spore indicates length-width ratio (Q= L/W) ands presented here as Qa-Qc-Qb where Qa= minimum quotient value amongst measured collections, Qb = maximum quotient value amongst measured collections, Qc = mean ‘Quotient value amongst measured colletions. Herbarium name is after Holmgren & al. (1990). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photographs of basidiospores were obiained from dry spores in the spore print. Spores were directly mounted on a double-sided adhesive tape pasted on @ metallic specimen-stub and then scanned with gold coating at diffrent magnifications in high vacuum mode to observe patter of spore- ‘omamentaton. SEM study was cared out with a FETs Quanta 200 model installed atthe S.N. Bose National Centre forBasic Sciences, Kolkata (India). Lactarius fennoscandicus Verbeken & Vester, Cryptog. Mycol. 19(I-2): 87.1998, (Fig & PL.1) Pileus 30 10Smm diam, at frst convex to planoconvex with incurved to decurved margin and slightly depressed centre, becoming more depressed in the centre with maturity; surface sticky to slightly viseid, strongly ‘zonate with frequent comparatively narow 2ones towards the marga, coral (a: 44 to brownish orange (b: 7C8) with dark brick to rust (@:13) zonatons, rarely paler up to dull salmon, often locally with groenish areas, sometimes leaf green entirely; margin non-state, incurved, Lamellae subdecurrent to decurren, crowded Da ofpbtewin 30 Deonbe, 2018 Rese 27.062018 + Ase 05972013 ‘© Savy on 2013 216 NELUMBO vols Plate: Lactariaowotcandcu Vrboken & Vesa: A B & C: Dol and ventral view offs bso; D.tateoring atom hotmelt FScasingFcoa Micopapoetaionpres Da E=Sim, FS (18/em at pileus margin), never forked, fragile, saffton to orange or brownish orange (b: 7C8) to coral (4:44) turing greenish when bruised, with lamellae in 6-7 series; edges entire, yellowish whit, Stipe 33-85 x 13 - 23mm, eylindrcal or slightly wider near the base, without any scrobicules, strigose atthe base, never sticky, brownish orange (b: 7C8) to coral: 44), with a narrow zone atthe apex an the base. Context hollow in stipe, yellowish white, changing slowly to saffon (a: 49), then becoming leaf green (a: 59), unchanging with KOH and FeSO, changing o leaf green (a: $9) with guaiac: Latex orange (a 48), becoming apricot (a: 47) torust (a: 13) and fioally greenish grey (a: 65) 00 context and citrine (a: 68) on whitepaper. Spore prit pale yellow orange (:30Y, 5M), Basidiospores 69-8.3-9.3 x 5.7-64-7 um, (n-20, Q = 1.21-1,27-1.38), broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid; ‘omamentaton amyloid, up t 0.5um high, composed of narrow ridges and rounded warts which ae aligned or 2013] ___DAS:LACTARIUS FENNOSCANDICUS (RUSSULACEAE) ANEW RECORD FOR INDIA a7 connected and forming an incomplete reticulum; plage inamyloid. Basdia 44 - $7 « 10 - 12m, 4-spored, subelavate;sterigmata 5 - 6 x 2.0 - 2.5mm. Pleuromacrocystdia 44 - 58 x 5 Gym, emergent up to 20um, subfasiform, with slightly moniliform apex and nidde-lke context. Pleuropseudocystidia abundant, 4 ~ Sum broad, cylindrical with rounded spex, tortuous near the subbymenium, thin-walled, dense. Lamellar edge sterile CCheilomacrocystidia absent. Marginal cells 9-38 x S- 1Qum, cylindrical to clavate, sometimes multiseptate, thin-walled. Subhymenium cellular Hymenophoral tama with abundant latifers,Pileipellis an ixocuts, upto 300m thick with gelatnised upper layer; hyphse up to Sum broad, branched, septate, Clamp connections absent. Habitat: Gregariously seattered in subalpine coniferous Picea forest Distribution: Sweden Finland, India. Specimens ex-mined : India: Sikkim: Dombang valley, 2920m, N 27°43'35.2 E 88°45'15.2", 22.08.2011, K. Das, KD 11-058 (BSHC); Zema I, 2785m, N 27°4S'1.6” E 88°3227.9", 30.08.2012, K, Das, KD 12-211 (SHC). Notes: Lactarius fennoscandicus is rather common in the localities of Nort Sikkim mentioned above andis characterize by its coral to brownish orange, distinctly zoned piles, safron to brownish orange lamellae that tum greenish where bruised, orange to rust coloured atx that tums apricot to rust and finally greenish grey on context Heilmann-Clausen & al, 1998, Nuytinck & Verbeken, 2005) and citrine on whitepaper, stipe without any scrobicules, and the context remain unchanged with KOH and FeSO, (Nuytinck & Verbeken 2005). Moreover, association with Picea is quite distinct for this species. Microscopically, this species can be characterized by the absence of cheilomacrocysidia(Verbeken & Vestrbolt, 1998) and presence of spores with incomplete reticulum, Lactarius deterrimus GrOger (also reported ffom India by Watling & Gregory, 1980), a close relative of| L.fennoscandicus can be separated by zonation inthe pteus that are mainly located towards the margin (Basso, 1999), the latex which never becomes greenish grey onthe context, larger spores (7.6-8.5-9.4-10.4x5.9-6.6- 7.1 -8.0um) as docamented by Nuytinck & Verbeke (2005), rather abundant cheilomacrocystiia Heilmann- (Clausen & al, 1998, Nuytinc & Verbeken, 2005), Few other taxa of Lactarius sect. Delicasi which are reported ‘rom India lke, deliciasus (L: Fr) Gray (Atri & al, 1991) and L. sanguifiss (Paulet) Fr. (Lakhanpal & a. 1987) also somewhat resembles the present species, Butin .deliciosus, stipe is always serobiculate whereas, in 1. sanguiflauspileu is azonat to faintly zonate(Nuytinck & Verbeken, 2005). Moreover, both the species have ceilomacrocystidia (Nuytinck & Verbeken, 2005). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, Author is grateful tothe Director, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata forall the facilities. Autor is also thankful tothe entre Forest Department of Sikkim for allowing to undertake te fray to different parts of North istrict of Sikkim. The help rendered by S.N. Das of S.N, Bose National Centre for Basi Sciences, Kolkata <during SEM studies ofbasidiospores isalso duly acknowledged, [REFERENCES Ati, NS, SS. SAINI AND D.K. MANS, 1991, Further studios on North West indian Agaris- Systematic of Lactarius deliciosus(Fe)S.F. Gry, Geobios New Reports 1: 106-111 Basso, MT. 19, Lactarius Pes Fungi Europaci, vl. 7. Mycoflor, Alassio. 845 pp, ‘Hen.qanx-CLAUSEN, J, A, VERREKEN AND J, VESTERHIOLT. 198, The gens Lactarius (Pung of Nother Europe vo 2) The Danish Mycological Society. [NDERSON, DIM, PD. ORTON AND R. WATLING. 1969, Bish Fungus Flr: Agarics and Boe: Colour identification ‘hart Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK. ounoRs, PK. NH. HoLMGREN AND LC. BARNETT, 1990 Index Herbaciorum. Part I: Herbaria ofthe word, 86 ‘Bronx New York Botanical Garden, USA. KonvEuP,A. ANDI, WANCHER. 981, Methuen Handbook of Colour Eyre Methuen Ltd, London, UK. Reprint. 218 NELUMBO vols KRANZLIN,F.2005.Fungiof Switzerland Volume 6, Russulaceae, Verlag Mykologia Luzern, Switzeland [LakttaNeat, EN, RP BHATT AND K. KASH. 1987, Lactarius saguifau Fr ~An edible mushroom new to Inia, Cure Sel 56: 148-189 [NuIINcr, J AND A. VERBEKEN. 2005. Morphology and taxonomy ofthe Buropean species in Lactarius set. Deliciosi (uses). Mycotaron 2: 125-168, \VERREKEN, A. ANDJ. VESTERHOLT. 198, Anew Lactarius species from Scandinavia in the section Dapetes. Cpiogamic Myeoloie 19:87. ‘WATLING, R. AND N.W. GuBoony. 1980 Larger fungi fom Kashmir. Nove Hedwigin32:493-568,