Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance

719 Pages·1994·28.317 MB·English

by  Darlene A. Dartt (auth.), David A. Sullivan (eds.)

LACRIMAL GLAND,
TEAR FILM, AND DRY EYE
SYNDROMES
Basic Science and Clinical Relevance
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Instilute
ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Instilute for Psychiatric Research
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
Recent Volumes in this Series
Volume 343
CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR RESEARCH
Edited by Derek LeRoith and Mohan K. Raizada
Volume 344
MECHANISMS OF PLATELET ACTIVATION AND CONTROL
Edited by Kalwant S. Authi, Steve P. Watson, and Vijay V. Kakkar
Volume 345
OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XV
Edited by Peter Vaupel, Rolf Zander, and Duane F. Bruley
Volume 346
INTERACTIVE PHENOMENA IN THE CARDIAC SYSTEM
Edited by Samuel Sideman and Rafael Beyar
Volume 347
IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES VII: Unwanted Immune Responses
Edited by M. Zouhair Atassi
Volume 348
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION AND CANCER
Edited by Vincenzo Zappia, Marco Salvatore, and Fulvio Della Ragione
Volume 349
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING: Critical Issues for the 90s
Edited by James A. Poupard, Lori R. Walsh, and Bruce Kleger
Volume 350
LACRIMAL GLAND, TEAR FILM, AND DRY EYE SYNDROMES: Basic Science and
Clinical Relevance
Edited by David A. Sullivan
Volume 351
THE CHEMOKINES: Biology of the Inflammatory Peptide Supergene Family II
Edited by 1. J. D. Lindley, J. Westwick, and S. Kunkel
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume
immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the
publisher.
LACRIMAL GLAND,
TEAR FILM, AND DRY EYE
SYNDROMES
Basic Science and Clinical Relevance
Edited by
David A. Sullivan
Schepens Eye Research Institute
and Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Associate Editors
B. Britt Bromberg
University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
Michele M. Cripps
Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
Assistant Editors
Darlene A. Dartt
Schepens Eye Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Donald L. MacKeen
c.
Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.
Austin K. Mircheff
University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
Paul C. Montgomery
Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, Michigan
Kazuo Tsubota
Ichikawa General Hospital and Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
Benjamin Walcott
State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Lacrimal gland, tear film, and dry eye syndromes: basic science and clinical relevance
/ edited by David A Sullivan; associate editors, A Britt Bromberg, Michele M. Cripps;
assistant editors, Darlene A Dartt ... ret al.].
p. cm.-{Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 350)
"Proceedings of an International Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and
Dry Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance, held November 14-17,
1992, in Southampton, Bermuda"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-6025-4 ISBN 978-1-4615-2417-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2417-5
1. Lacrimal apparatus--Physiology----Congresses. 2. Tears--Congresses. 3. Dry eye
syndromes--Congresses. 4. Sjogren's syndrome-Congresses. I. Sullivan, David A II.
International Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes:
Basic Science and Clinical Relevance (1992: Southampton, Bermuda Islands) III.
Series.
DNLM: 1. Lacrimal Apparatus--congresses. 2. Tears-physiology-rongresses. 3.
Dry Eye Syndromes-diagnosis-rongresses. 4. Dry Eye Syndromes-therapy
congresses. WI AD559 v.350 1994 / WW 208 L1453 1994]
QPI88.T41A4 1994
612.8'47-dc20
DNLM/DLC 94-2222
for Library of Congress CIP
Proceedings of an International Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes:
Basic Science and Clinical Relevance, held November 14-17, 1992, in Southampton, Bermuda
ISBN 978-1-4613-6025-4
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1994
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher
DEDICATION
We dedicate this book to Drs. Mathea R. Allansmith, Stella Y. Botelho, Frank Flynn,
Frank J. Holly, Mogens S. Nom and O. Paul van Bijsterveld for their pioneering efforts and
outstanding achievements in basic and clinical research on the lacrimal gland, tear film and
dry eye syndromes.
The Editors
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to express our sincere appreciation to the following companies, whose
generous financial contributions significantly offset the educational expenses and publication
costs associated with the International Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film and Dry
Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance.
ALCON OPHTHALMIC
Alcon Laboratories, Inc., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, Texas 76134-2099
SANDOZ PHARMACEUTICAL CORPORATION
3525 Lake Trail, Kenner, Louisiana 70065
LACRIMEDICS, INC.
190 North Arrowhead Avenue, Suite #B, Rialto, California 92376
DR. MANN PHARMA
Brunsblitteler Damm 165, Postfach 20 04 56, D-W-lOOO Berlin, Germany
IOLAB CORPORATION
500 lolab Drive, Claremont, CA 91711
CIBA VISION OPHTHALMICS
11460 John's Creek Parkway, Duluth, Georgia 30136
ALLERGAN, INC.
2525 Dupont Ave., Irvine, CA 92715
ROSS LABORATORIES
625 Cleveland Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43215
SANTEN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY, LTD.
9-19, Shimoshinjo 3-chome, Higashi Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 533, Japan
vii
ALCON FOUNDATION
P.O. Box 6600, Fort Worth, Texas 76115
PFIZER INC.
Consumer Health Care Division, 235 East 42nd Street, New York City, NY 10017-5755
BAUSCH & LOMB
Pharmaceutical Division, 8500 Hidden River Parkway, Tampa, Florida 33637
EAGLE VISION
6263 Poplar Avenue, Suite 650, Memphis, Tennessee 38119
ROHTO PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY, LTD.
Product Development Department, 8-1, Tatsumi-nishi l-chome, Ikuno-ku, Osaka 544, Japan
MACKEEN CONSULTANTS LTD.
4903 Sangamore Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20816
STORZ INTERNATIONAL
Pharmaceuticals Division, 3365 Tree Court Industrial Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63122
TELIOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
2909 Science Park Rd., San Diego, California 92121
viii
PREFACE
During the past decade a significant international research effort has been directed
towards understanding the composition and regulation of the preocular tear film. This effort
has been motivated by the recognition that the tear film plays an essential role in maintaining
corneal and conjunctival integrity, protecting against microbial challenge and preserving
visual acuity. In addition, research has been stimulated by the knowledge that alteration or
deficiency of the tear film, which occurs in countless individuals throughout the world, may
lead to desiccation of the ocular surface, ulceration and perforation of the cornea, an
increased incidence of infectious disease, and potentially, pronounced visual disability and
blindness.7
To promote further progress in this field of vision research, the International Conference
on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film and Dry Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical
Relevance was held in the Southampton Princess Resort in Bermuda from November 14 to
17, 1992. This meeting was designed to assess critically the current knowledge and 'state of
the art' research on the structure and function of lacrimal tissue and tears in both health and
disease. The goal of this conference was to provide an international exchange of information
that would be of value to basic scientists involved in eye research, to physicians in the
ophthalmological community, and to pharmaceutical companies with an interest in the
treatment of lacrimal gland, tear film or ocular surface disorders (e.g. Sjogren's syndrome).
To help achieve this objective, over 180 scientists, physicians and industry
representatives from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, England, Finland, France,
Germany, Israel, India, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Poland, Scotland, Spain and the
United States registered as active participants in this conference. In addition, this volume,
which contains summaries of the conference's keynote, oral and poster presentations, was
created to provide an educational foundation and scientific reference for tear film research.
The editors would like to thank the following individuals, whose scientific,
administrative, or technical advice and/or assistance helped make the International
Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes: Basis Science and
Clinical Relevance, as well as this book, a reality: Mark B. Abelson, M.D., Mathea R.
Allansmith, M.D., Gillian Alexander, Alan Bergl, Anthony J. Bron, M.D., Marshall G.
ix
Doane, Ph.D., Mary Gallagher, Michelle George, Jeffrey P. Gilbard, M.D., Jack V.
Greiner, Ph.D., O.D., D.O., Louane E. Hann, Zhiyan Huang, M.D., Jan Jorrin, Ilya
Kagansky, Robin S. Kelleher, Ph.D., Aize Kijlstra, Ph.D., Kevin J. Klein, Ross William
Lambert, Ph.D., Carole Lanigan, Kathleen Lavin, Myca Mooshian, 1. Daniel Nelson, M.D.,
Stephen C. Pflugfelder, M.D., Miguel F. Refojo, Ph.D., Margaret Rocco, Bernard
Rossignol, Ph.D., Elcio H. Sato, M.D., Kendyl Schaefer, Amy G. Sullivan, Benjamin D.
Sullivan, Rose M. Sullivan, Marva Trott, Janice Ubels, John L. Ubels, Ph.D., and L.
Alexandra Wickham.
David A. Sullivan
x
CONTENTS
KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Regulation of Tear Secretion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
D.A. Dartt
LACRIMAL GLAND: ANATOMY AND INNERVATION
The Anatomy and Innervation of Lacrimal Glands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
B. Walcott, R.H. Cameron, and P.R. Brink
Light and Electron Microscopic Morphology of Accessory Lacrimal Glands. . . . . . . . 19
P. Seifert, M. Spitznas, F. Koch, and A. Cusumano
Immunohistochemistry and Protein Secretion in the Rat Lacrimal Gland: A
Morphophysiological Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
J. Singh, E. Adeghate, S. Burrows, F.C. Howarth, and R.M. Williams
Carbonic Anhydrase and Acinar Cell Heterogeneity in Rat and Rabbit Lacrimal
Glands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
B.B. Bromberg, C.W. Hanemann, M.H. Welch, R.W. Beuerman, and
S. Githens
Basement Membrane Modulation of Stimulated Secretion by Lacrimal Acinar Cells. . . 37
G.W. Laurie, J.D. Glass, and R.A. Ogle
Galactose-Binding Sites in the Acinar Cells of the Human Accessory Lacrimal
Gland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45
W. Breipohl, M. Spitznas, F. Sinowatz, O. Leip, W. Naib-Majani, and
A. Cusumano
xi