Lacan Reframed Contemporary Thinkers Reframed Series Deleuze ReframedISBN: 978 1 84511 547 0 Damian Sutton & David Martin-Jones Derrida ReframedISBN: 978 1 84511 546 3 K.Malcolm Richards Lacan ReframedISBN: 978 1 84511 548 7 Steven Z.Levine Baudrillard ReframedISBN: 978 1 84511 678 1 Kim Toffoletti Heidegger ReframedISBN: 978 1 84511 679 8 Barbara Bolt Kristeva ReframedISBN: 978 1 84511 660 6 Estelle Barrett Lyotard ReframedISBN: 978 1 84511 680 4 Graham Ralph-Jones Published in 2008 by I.B.Tauris & Co.Ltd 6 Salem Road,London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue,New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com In the United States and Canada distributed by Palgrave Macmillan,a division of St.Martin’s Press,175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © Steven Z.Levine,2008 The right of Steven Z.Levine to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved.Except for brief quotations in a review,this book,or any part thereof,may not be reproduced,stored in or introduced into a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978 1 84511 548 7 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress catalog card: available Typeset in Egyptienne F by Dexter Haven Associates Ltd,London Page design by Chris Bromley Printed and bound in the UK by T.J.International,Padstow.Cornwall. Contents Acknowledgements vii List of illustrations ix Foreword:Why Lacan? xi Chapter 1.The Da Vinci Codeaccording to Freud 1 Chapter 2.The Da Vinci Codeaccording to Lacan 15 Chapter 3.The Thing from another world 31 Chapter 4.The lost object 57 Chapter 5.What is a picture? 67 Chapter 6.Representative of representation 91 Chapter 7.Am I a woman or a man? 111 Afterword:Enjoy! 131 Selected bibliography 135 Suggested reading 137 Index 141 Acknowledgements I am grateful to Susan Lawson for inviting me to write this book and for improving it with her keen editorial eye.I also want to thank my students and colleagues in the department of History of Art and the Center for Visual Culture at Bryn Mawr College for tolerating my translation of their scholarship and conversation into the Lacanian terms of the Imaginary,the Symbolic and the Real. Notable among them are David Cast, Christiane Hertel, Homay King, K. Malcolm Richards, Lisa Saltzman and Isabelle Wallace,as well as recent undergraduate and graduate seminar students on self-portraiture and psychoanalysis.The art historians Benjamin Binstock, Bradford Collins, Keith Moxey and Jack Spector gave me the opportunity to present or publish some of my thoughts on art and Lacan,as did the psychoanalysts Heather Craige and David Scharff, and members of the Philadelphia Psychoanalytic Center.Patricia Gherovici and Jean-Michel Rabaté introduced me to Philadelphia’s vibrant Lacanian community.And in the background of many of my sentences lies the phenomenology of Michael Fried. My wife Susan Levine,practitioner of psychoanalysis,and my daughter Madeleine Levine,researcher in social psychology,were indispensable in the completion of this project.My parents Natalie and Reevan Levine opened the space of possibility,and it is in their name and with love that I dedicate this book. List of illustrations Figure 1. Marcel Duchamp,L.H.O.O.Q.,1919 (1930 replica), private collection.Photo credit: Cameraphoto Arte,Venice/Art Resource, NY. © 2007 Artists Rights Society, NY/ADAGP, Paris/ Succession Marcel Duchamp. 2 Figure 2.Leonardo da Vinci,The Madonna and Child with Saint Anne,1508–10,Louvre Museum,Paris.Photo credit: Scala/Art Resource,NY. 6 Figure 3.Leonardo da Vinci,The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist,1499–1500,National Gallery,London. Photo credit: Art Resource,NY. 25 Figure 4. Hans Holbein the Younger,The Ambassadors,1533, National Gallery, London. Photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource,NY. 50 Figure 5.Jacopo Zucchi,Psyche Surprising Cupid,1589,Borghese Gallery,Rome.Photo credit: Scala/Art Resource,NY. 59 Figure 6.Gustave Courbet,The Origin of the World,1866,Orsay Museum,Paris.Photo credit: Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource,NY. 60 Figure 7. Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory, 1931, Museum of Modern Art,New York.Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource,NY.© 2007 Salvador Dalí, Gala-Salvador Dalí Foundation/Artists Rights Society, NY. 77 Figure 8. Diego Velázquez, Las Meninas, 1656, Prado Museum, Madrid.Photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource,NY. 93 Figure 9.René Magritte,La Condition humaine,1933,Gift of the Collectors Committee,Image © 2007 Board of Trustees,National Gallery of Art,Washington.© 2007 C.Herskovici,Brussels/Artists Rights Society,NY. 106 Figure 10.Gian Lorenzo Bernini,The Ecstacy of Saint Teresa, 1647–52,Cornaro Chapel,Santa Maria della Vittoria,Rome.Photo credit: Nimatallah/Art Resource,NY. 116 d e m a efr R n a c a L x