Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery PDF
Preview Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery
Laboring Women EARLY AMERICAN STUDIES DanielK.RichterandKathleenM.Brown,SeriesEditors Exploringneglectedaspectsofourcolonial,revolutionary,andearly nationalhistoryandculture,EarlyAmericanStudiesreinterpretsfamiliar themesandeventsinfreshways.Interdisciplinaryincharacter,andwith aspecialemphasisontheperiodfromabout1600to1850,theseriesis publishedinpartnershipwiththeMcNeilCenterforEarlyAmerican Studies. Acompletelistofbooksintheseriesisavailablefromthepublisher. Laboring Women Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery Jennifer L. Morgan UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia Copyright(cid:2)2004UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Allrightsreserved PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 Publishedby UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19104-4112 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Morgan,JenniferL.(JenniferLyle) Laboringwomen:reproductionandgenderinNewWorldslavery/JenniferL.Morgan. p. cm.(EarlyAmericanStudies) ISBN-13:978-0-8122-1873-2 ISBN-10:0-8122-1873-6(pbk.:acid-freepaper) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. 1.Womenslaves—NorthAmerica—Socialconditions. 2.Womenslaves—WestIndies, British—Socialconditions. 3.Sexrole—NorthAmerica—History. 4.Sexrole—WestIndies, British—History. 5.Humanreproduction—Socialaspects—NorthAmerica—History. 6.Humanreproduction—Socialaspects—WestIndies,British—History. 7.Slavery—North America—History. 8.Slavery—WestIndies,British—History. 9.NorthAmerica—Race relations. 10.WestIndies,British—Racerelations. HT1048.M67 2004 306.3(cid:2)62/082097—dc22 2003066597 For Herman Contents ListofIllustrations ix NoteonSources xi Introduction 1 1 ‘‘SomeCouldSuckleoverTheirShoulder’’:MaleTravelers, FemaleBodies,andtheGenderingofRacialIdeology 12 2 ‘‘TheNumberofWomenDoethMuchDisparayestheWhole Cargoe’’:TheTrans-AtlanticSlaveTradeandWestAfrican GenderRoles 50 3 ‘‘TheBreedingsShallGoewithTheirMothers’’:Genderand EvolvingPracticesofSlaveownershipintheEnglishAmerican Colonies 69 4 ‘‘HannahandHirChildren’’:ReproductionandCreolization AmongEnslavedWomen 107 5 ‘‘Women’sSweat’’:GenderandAgriculturalLaborinthe AtlanticWorld 144 6 ‘‘DeludersandSeducersofEachOther’’:Genderandthe ChangingNatureofResistance 166 Epilogue 196 Notes 203 Bibliography 251 Index 273 Acknowledgments 277 Illustrations 1. Youngvirgincoveringherbreast 22 2. Womansucklingchild 23 3. NativeAmericanwomanwithchild,twoviews 24 4. Womanholdingleg 25 5. WomenonmapofTierradelFuego 26 6. Womanbreastfeedingoverhershoulder 32 7. WomeninAfrica 33 8. Hottentotwomansucklingoverhershoulder 34 9. High-breastedwomenillustratingAmerica 37 10. NativeAmericanwomansucklingoverhershoulderonmapof Granada 38 11. NativeAmericanwomanwithsaggingbreastsonmapofGuiana 39 12. NativeAmericanwomansucklingoverhershoulderinChile 39 13. Hottentotwomansucklingoverhershoulderwhilesmoking marijuana 43 14. ‘‘DescriptionoftheHabitsofMostCountriesintheWorld’’ 44 15. Menandwomen,Barbadosplantations,1650–59 117 16. Menandwomen,Barbadosplantations,1660–69 118
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