Laboratory Phonology 8: Varieties of Phonological Competence

692 Pages·2006·5.14 MB·English

by  Conference in Laboratory Phonology 2002, Louis M. Goldstein, D. H. Whalen, Catherine T. Best

Laboratory Phonology 8
≥
Phonology and Phonetics
4-2
Editor
Aditi Lahiri
Mouton de Gruyter
Berlin · New York
Laboratory Phonology 8
edited by
Louis Goldstein
D. H. Whalen
Catherine T. Best
Mouton de Gruyter
Berlin · New York
Mouton de Gruyter (formerly Mouton, The Hague)
is a Division of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin.
앪앝 Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines
of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Conference in Laboratory Phonology (8th : 2002 ; New Haven, Conn.)
Laboratory phonology 8 / edited by Louis Goldstein, D.H. Whalen,
Catherine T. Best.
p. cm. ⫺ (Phonology and phonetics ; 4/2)
“Papers from Eighth Conference on Laboratory Phonology, held in
New Haven, CT”⫺ Chap. 1.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-3-11-017678-0 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 3-11-017678-5 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Grammar, Comparative and general ⫺ Phonology ⫺ Congresses.
2. Sign language ⫺ Congresses. 3. Language acquisition ⫺ Congres-
ses. I. Goldstein, Louis, 1955⫺ II.Whalen, D.H. III. Best, Cather-
ine T. IV. Title. V. Title: Laboratory phonology eight. VI. Series.
P217.C658 2002
414⫺dc22
2006015539
Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek
Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at ⬍http://dnb.ddb.de⬎.
ISBN-13: 978-3-11-017678-0
ISBN-10: 3-11-017678-5
ISSN 1861-4191
쑔 Copyright 2006 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin.
All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this
book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher.
Cover design: Christopher Schneider, Berlin.
Printed in Germany.
7DEOHRIFRQWHQWV
,QWURGXFWLRQ L[
'HGLFDWLRQ [Y
,4XDOLWDWLYHDQGYDULDEOHIDFHVRISKRQRORJLFDOFRPSHWHQFH
6SRNHQODQJXDJHV
³'LVWLQFWLYHSKRQHV´LQVXUIDFHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
'5REHUW/DGG
7KHIXQFWLRQDOLW\RILQFRPSOHWHQHXWUDOL]DWLRQLQ'XWFK
7KHFDVHRISDVWWHQVHIRUPDWLRQ
0LUMDP(UQHVWXVDQG+DUDOG%DD\HQ
'\QDPLFVLQJUDPPDU&RPPHQWRQ/DGGDQG(UQHVWXV %DD\HQ
$GDPDQWLRV,*DIRVFRPPHQWDU\
7KHVWDWLVWLFDOEDVLVRIDQXQQDWXUDODOWHUQDWLRQ
-DQHW%3LHUUHKXPEHUW
0RGHOLQJLQWRQDWLRQLQ(QJOLVK$SUREDELOLVWLFDSSURDFKWR
SKRQRORJLFDOFRPSHWHQFH
$XGUD'DLQRUD
7KHGLDFKURQ\RIODELDOLW\LQ7ULTXHDQGWKHIXQFWLRQDOUHOHYDQFH
RIJUDGLHQFHDQGYDULDWLRQ
'DQLHO6LOYHUPDQ
&RQYHUJHQFHVDQGGLYHUJHQFHVRIVLJQHGDQGVSRNHQODQJXDJHV
(IIHFWVRIODQJXDJHPRGDOLW\RQZRUGVHJPHQWDWLRQ$QH[SHULPHQWDO
VWXG\RISKRQRORJLFDOIDFWRUVLQDVLJQODQJXDJH
'LDQH%UHQWDUL
YL 7DEOHRIFRQWHQWV
3KRQRORJ\SKRQHWLFVDQGWKHQRQGRPLQDQWKDQG
:HQG\6DQGOHU
/H[LFDOUHWULHYDOLQ$PHULFDQ6LJQ/DQJXDJHSURGXFWLRQ
'DYLG3&RULQDDQG+HDWKHU3.QDSS
3KRQRORJLFDOSULPLQJLQ%ULWLVK6LJQ/DQJXDJH
0DWWKHZ:*'\HDQG6KXL,6KLK
6LJQHG/DQJXDJHV
3KRQHWLFLPSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGSKRQHWLFSUHVSHFL¿FDWLRQLQ
VLJQODQJXDJHSKRQRORJ\
+DUU\YDQGHU+XOVWDQG(OVYDQGHU.RRLM
9DULDELOLW\LQYHUEDODJUHHPHQWIRUPVDFURVVIRXUVLJQHGODQJXDJHV
*DXUDY0DWKXUDQG&KULVWLDQ5DWKPDQQ
6RPHFXUUHQWFODLPVDERXWVLJQODQJXDJHSKRQHWLFVSKRQRORJ\
DQGH[SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWV
'DYLG03HUOPXWWHUFRPPHQWDU\
,,6RXUFHVRIYDULDWLRQDQGWKHLUUROHLQWKHDFTXLVLWLRQRI
SKRQRORJLFDOFRPSHWHQFH
*HWWLQJWKHUK\WKPULJKW$FURVVOLQJXLVWLFVWXG\RI
VHJPHQWDOGXUDWLRQLQEDEEOLQJDQG¿UVWZRUGV
0DULO\Q0D\9LKPDQ6DWVXNL1DNDLDQG5RU\'H3DROLV
)OH[LELOLW\LQWKHIDFHRILQFRPSDWLEOH(QJOLVK927V\VWHPV
-DPHV06FREELH
2QWKHVFRSHRISKRQRORJLFDOOHDUQLQJ,VVXHVDULVLQJIURP
VRFLDOO\VWUXFWXUHGYDULDWLRQ
*HUDUG'RFKHUW\3DXO)RXONHV-HQQ\7LOORWVRQDQG'RPLQLF:DWW
7DEOHRIFRQWHQWV YLL
9DULDWLRQLQGHYHORSLQJSKRQRORJLHV&RPPHQWVRQ9LKPDQDQG
FROOHDJXHV'RFKHUW\DQGFROOHDJXHVDQG6FREELH
6KHOOH\9HOOHPDQFRPPHQWDU\
,,,.QRZOHGJHRIODQJXDJHVSHFL¿FRUJDQL]DWLRQRI
VSHHFKJHVWXUHV
,QWHUDFWLRQRISURVRG\DQGJHVWXUHV
3URVRG\¿UVWRUSURVRG\ODVW"(YLGHQFHIURPWKHSKRQHWLFVRI
ZRUG¿QDOWLQ$PHULFDQ(QJOLVK
6WHIDQLH6KDWWXFN+XIQDJHO
)RFXVLQJSURVRGLFSKUDVLQJDQGKLDWXVUHVROXWLRQLQ*UHHN
0DU\%DOWD]DQL
(DUO\YVODWHIRFXV3LWFKSHDNDOLJQPHQWLQWZRGLDOHFWVRI
6HUELDQDQG&URDWLDQ
5DMND6PLOMDQLþ
0DQLIHVWDWLRQRISURVRGLFVWUXFWXUHLQDUWLFXODWRU\YDULDWLRQ
(YLGHQFHIURPOLSNLQHPDWLFVLQ(QJOLVK
7DHKRQJ&KR
5HODWLQJSURVRG\DQGG\QDPLFHYHQWV&RPPHQWVRQWKHSDSHUVE\
&KRDQG6PLOMDQLþ
'DQL%\UGFRPPHQWDU\
/RFDOJHVWXUHLQWHUDFWLRQDQGSHUFHSWLRQ
6\OODEOHSRVLWLRQHIIHFWVDQGJHVWXUDORUJDQL]DWLRQ
$UWLFXODWRU\HYLGHQFHIURP5XVVLDQ
$OH[HL.RFKHWRY
3HUFHSWXDOVDOLHQFHDQGSDODWDOL]DWLRQLQ5XVVLDQ
'DU\D.DYLWVND\D
YLLL 7DEOHRIFRQWHQWV
,QWHJUDWLQJFRDUWLFXODWLRQDVVLPLODWLRQDQGEOHQGLQJLQWRDPRGHORI
DUWLFXODWRU\FRQVWUDLQWV
'DQLHO5HFDVHQV
([FUHVFHQWVFKZDDQGYRZHOOD[LQJ&URVVOLQJXLVWLFUHVSRQVHV
WRFRQÀLFWLQJDUWLFXODWRU\WDUJHWV
%U\DQ*LFNDQG,DQ:LOVRQ
$XWKRULQGH[
6XEMHFWLQGH[
/DQJXDJHLQGH[
/LVWRIFRQWULEXWRUV
,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KH¿UVW&RQIHUHQFHRQ/DERUDWRU\3KRQRORJ\ZDVKHOGLQDWWKH2KLR
6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ ,W EURXJKW WRJHWKHU WKHRUHWLFDO SKRQRORJLVWV DQG SKRQHWL
FLDQVZKRVHUHVSHFWLYHDUHDVRIUHVHDUFKZHUHDWWKDWPRPHQWIDLUO\ZHOO
GHPDUFDWHG3KRQRORJLVWVVWXGLHGWKHNLQGVRIIRUPDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVDQG
RSHUDWLRQVWKDWZHUHQHFHVVDU\WRDFFRXQWIRUVSHDNHUV¶NQRZOHGJHRIWKH
SDWWHUQLQJRIVHJPHQWVDQGKLJKHUOHYHOSKRQRORJLFDOXQLWVLQWKHLUODQJXDJH
WKHLU OH[LFDO UHJXODULWLHVDQG WKHLUDOWHUQDWLRQVZKHQ OH[LFDOXQLWVFRPELQH
LQWR ODUJHUVWUXFWXUHV7KHGDWDZHUHSULPDULO\ WUDQVFULSWLRQVRIXWWHUDQFHV
DQGQDWLYHVSHDNHUZHOOIRUPHGQHVVMXGJPHQWV3KRQHWLFLDQVODUJHO\VWXGLHG
KRZVHJPHQWV DUHSURGXFHG LQ FRQWH[W WKHLU UHVXOWLQJDFRXVWLFSURSHUWLHV
DQGKRZWKRVHDFRXVWLFSURSHUWLHVFRXOGEHXVHGE\OLVWHQHUVWRSHUFHLYHWKH
VHJPHQWDOVHTXHQFHV7KHLUGDWDZHUHDUWLFXODWRU\DQGDFRXVWLFPHDVXUHVRI
VSHHFKSURGXFWLRQDQGSHUFHSWXDO MXGJPHQWV7KHRUJDQL]HUVKDG WKH IRUH
VLJKW WRKDYHSKRQHWLFLDQVDQGSKRQRORJLVWVSURYLGHFRPPHQWDU\RQHDFK
RWKHUV¶SDSHUVLQRUGHUWRHQFRXUDJHFRPPXQLFDWLRQDFURVVWKHGLYLGH
%XWWKHPHHWLQJWRRNSODFHLQDFOLPDWHRIJURZLQJDZDUHQHVVWKDWWKLV
ZD\RIGLYLGLQJXSWKHOLQJXLVWLFVWXG\RIWKHKXPDQVSHHFKV\VWHPPLJKW
QRWEHWKHEHVWRQHDQGLQGHHGWKLVZDVRQHRIWKHPRWLYDWLRQVIRUWKHHYHQW
/DERUDWRU\ZRUNKDGEHJXQWRGHPRQVWUDWHWKDWVRPHDVSHFWVRIODQJXDJH
VSHFL¿FSKRQRORJLFDONQRZOHGJHFRXOGEHPRVWV\VWHPDWLFDOO\H[SUHVVHGLQ
WHUPVRI WKH FRQWUROV IRU WKH VSHHFKSURGXFWLRQSURFHVVHJ VSDUVHO\GLV
WULEXWHGWRQHRUDUWLFXODWRU\WDUJHWVRYHUODSSLQJRUJDQL]DWLRQRIDUWLFXODWRU\
JHVWXUHVUDWKHUWKDQLQWKHOLQHDUVHTXHQFLQJRIVHJPHQWVDQGIHDWXUHV7KLV
VHHPHGLQWULJXLQJO\FRPSDWLEOHZLWKWKHFRQWHPSRUDQHRXVGHYHORSPHQWRI
QRQOLQHDUSKRQRORJLFDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQV,QWKLVFRQWH[WWKHGDWDUHOHYDQWIRU
SURELQJRIDVSHDNHU¶VSKRQRORJLFDONQRZOHGJHEHJDQWREHJHQHUDOL]HGEH
\RQGSKRQHWLFWUDQVFULSWLRQVDQGMXGJPHQWVRIWKHLUJUDPPDWLFDOLW\WRPRUH
¿QHJUDLQHGTXDQWLWDWLYHGHVFULSWLRQVRIVSHHFK7KXVZDVERUQ/DERUDWRU\
3KRQRORJ\
7KH(LJKWK FRQIHUHQFHRQ/DERUDWRU\3KRQRORJ\KHOG LQ1HZ+DYHQ
&7 DQG KRVWHG E\<DOH8QLYHUVLW\ DQG+DVNLQV /DERUDWRULHV WRRN SODFH
-XQH±¿IWHHQ\HDUVDIWHUWKH¿UVW,QWKHLQWHUYHQLQJWLPHWKHXVH
RI ODERUDWRU\GDWD LQSKRQRORJ\KDVH[SDQGHGFRQVLGHUDEO\ WKRXJKPXFK
RIWKHRUHWLFDOSKRQRORJ\LVVWLOOEDVHGRQDQGRQO\DFFRXQWVIRUVHJPHQWDO
[ ,QWURGXFWLRQ
VHTXHQFHV,QSODQQLQJWKHHLJKWKPHHWLQJZHIHOWWKDWLWZDVDQRSSRUWXQH
PRPHQWWRHQFRXUDJHIXUWKHUH[SDQVLRQLQWKHUDQJHRIGDWDFRQVLGHUHGLQ
GHYHORSLQJDWKHRU\RIKXPDQSKRQRORJLFDOFDSDFLW\E\PDNLQJVLJQHGODQ
JXDJHVDQGVSHFL¿FDOO\WKHFRPSDULVRQRIVLJQHGDQGVSRNHQODQJXDJHVD
IRFXVRIWKHPHHWLQJ7KHUHZHUHVHYHUDOUHDVRQVIRUWKLVFKRLFH)LUVWZKLOH
WKHUHKDVEHHQVXEVWDQWLDOZRUNRQWKHSKRQRORJ\RIVLJQHGODQJXDJHVQRW
PXFKRILWKDGEHHQGRQHZLWKLQWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRI/DERUDWRU\3KRQRORJ\
RUXVLQJLWVWRRONLWDQGVRLVXQIDPLOLDUWRPDQ\LQWKH/DERUDWRU\3KRQRO
RJ\FRPPXQLW\6HFRQGEHFDXVHRI WKH LQFUHDVHGHPSKDVLVRQXQLYHUVDOV
LQSKRQRORJLFDOWKHRU\RYHUWKHSUHYLRXVWHQ\HDUVHJZLWKLQ2SWLPDOLW\
7KHRU\LWVHHPHGLPSRUWDQWWRFRQVLGHUWRZKDWH[WHQWWKHVDPHSULQFLSOHV
RUHYHQVRPHRIWKHVDPHFRQVWUDLQWVDSSHDUWRJRYHUQVLJQHGDQGVSRNHQ
ODQJXDJHV7KLUGIRUWKRVHLQWHUHVWHGLQJHVWXUDOWKHRULHVRIVSHHFKDQGSKR
QRORJ\QRWFRLQFLGHQWDOO\LQFOXGLQJWKHRUJDQL]HUVLWVHHPHGLPSRUWDQWWR
PDNHV\VWHPDWLFFRPSDULVRQVEHWZHHQVSHHFKZKRVHJHVWXUDOEDVLVLVFRQ
WHQWLRXVDQGVLJQZKRVHJHVWXUDOEDVLVPD\VHHPXQFRQWURYHUVLDOWRVSHHFK
UHVHDUFKHUVEXWLVLQIDFWFRQWHQWLRXVZLWKLQWKHVLJQUHVHDUFKFRPPXQLW\
)LQDOO\RSHQLQJWKHVWXG\RISKRQRORJLFDOFRPSHWHQFHWRODERUDWRU\GDWDKDV
QHFHVVDULO\PHDQWFRPLQJWRWHUPVZLWKYDULDEOHSUREDELOLVWLFRUJUDGLHQW
GDWD+RZ WR XQGHUVWDQGDQGRUPRGHO WKH UHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ FRQWLQXRXV
YDULDWLRQDQGTXDOLWDWLYHSKRQRORJLFDOFDWHJRULHVKDVEHHQDPDMRUIRFXVRI
/DERUDWRU\3KRQRORJ\VLQFHLWVLQFHSWLRQDQGRIFRXUVHWKHUHLVQRFRQVHQ
VXVRQKRZWKLVVKRXOGEHGRQH,WVHHPHGDVWKRXJKPXFKFRXOGEHOHDUQHG
E\H[DPLQLQJWKLVLVVXHLQWKHFRQWH[WRIDVXSHU¿FLDOO\DWOHDVWYHU\GLI
IHUHQWNLQGRISKRQRORJ\±VLJQ7KHLQFOXVLRQRIVLJQSKRQRORJ\SURYHGWR
EHVXFFHVVIXO±QRWRQO\ZHUHWKHSDSHUVVLJQL¿FDQWDQGDVUHOHYDQWWRWKH
WKHRUHWLFDOLVVXHVDVZHKRSHGWKH\ZRXOGEHEXWWKH\VWLPXODWHGYDOXDEOH
GLVFXVVLRQEHWZHHQVLJQDQGVSHHFKSKRQRORJLVWV
7KLVFROOHFWLRQRISDSHUVIURP/DE3KRQLVRUJDQL]HGLQWRWKUHHVHFWLRQV
6HFWLRQ,LQFOXGHVSDSHUVWKDWDGGUHVVWKHIXQGDPHQWDOLVVXHRILQWHJUDWLQJ
GLVFUHWH DQG FRQWLQXRXV GHVFULSWLRQV$OWHUQDWLYH DSSURDFKHV WR WKLV LVVXH
UHSUHVHQWHGKHUHLQFOXGHPRGXODUVHSDUDWLRQRIFDWHJRULFDODQGFRQWLQXRXV
VXEV\VWHPV G\QDPLFDO JUDPPDUV DQG SUREDELOLVWLF JUDPPDUV$V WKH SD
SHUVVKRZWKLVLVDQLVVXHWKDWDULVHVLQVLJQSKRQRORJ\DVZHOODVLQVSHHFK
-X[WDSRVLWLRQRISDSHUVRQWKHWZRDGGVYDOXDEOHSHUVSHFWLYHWRHDFK$OVR
LQFOXGHGLQWKLVVHFWLRQDUHSDSHUVFRPSDULQJNH\GHVLJQSURSHUWLHVRIVLJQ
DQGVSHHFKSKRQRORJLHVDQGWKHSURFHVVHVRIZRUGVHJPHQWDWLRQDQGOH[LFDO
DFFHVVLQWKHWZRPRGDOLWLHV7KHSDSHUVVKRZODUJHGHJUHHVRIFRPSDWLELO
LW\EHWZHHQVLJQDQGVSHHFKEXWDOVRVRPHPRGDOLW\VSHFL¿FFKDUDFWHULVWLFV