Laboratory Phonology 10

810 Pages·2010·15.034 MB·English

by  Cécile Fougeron (editor), Barbara Kuehnert (editor), Mariapaola Imperio (editor), Nathalie Vallee (editor)

Laboratory Phonology 10
Phonology and Phonetics
4-4
Editor
Aditi Lahiri
De Gruyter Mouton
Laboratory Phonology 10
edited by
Ce´cile Fougeron
Barbara Kühnert
Mariapaola D’Imperio
Nathalie Valle´e
De Gruyter Mouton
ISBN 978-3-11-022490-0
e-ISBN 978-3-11-022491-7
ISSN 1861-4167
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
ConferenceinLaboratoryPhonology(10th:2006:Paris)
Laboratoryphonology10/editedbyCe´cileFougeron...[etal.].
p.cm.(cid:2)(Phonologyandphonetics)
“The present volume contains a selection of the papers and com-
mentaries, which were originally presented orally at the Tenth Con-
ference of Laboratory Phonology (LabPhon10) held in Paris from
June29toJuly1,2006.”
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-3-11-022490-0(alk.paper)
1.Grammar,Comparativeandgeneral(cid:2)Phonology(cid:2)Congresses.
2. Linguistic change (cid:2) Congresses. I. Fougeron, Ce´cile, 1970(cid:2)
II.Title:Laboratoryphonologyten.
P217.C658 2006
414(cid:2)dc22
2010028926
BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek
TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie;
detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternetathttp://dnb.d-nb.de.
(cid:2)2010WalterdeGruyterGmbH&Co.KG,Berlin/NewYork
Typesetting:PTP-BerlinProtago-TX-ProductionGmbH,Berlin
E
Printing:Hubert&Co.GmbH&Co.KG,Göttingen
(cid:3)Printedonacid-freepaper
PrintedinGermany
www.degruyter.com
Contents
Introduction ix
Acknowledgements xiv
List of contributors xv
I. Laboratory phonology.Tenth anniversary session
Laboratory Phonology: Past successes and current questions,
challenges, and goals 3
Abigail C. Cohn
At the juncture of prosody, phonology, and phonetics –
The interaction of phrasal and syllable structure in shaping the timing
of consonant gestures 31
Dani Byrd and Susie Choi
Geminates at the junction of phonetics and phonology 61
Rachid Ridouane
How abstract phonemic categories are necessary for coping with
speaker-related variation 91
Anne Cutler, Frank Eisner, James M. McQueen and Dennis Norris
What is LabPhon?And where is it going? 113
Janet B. Pierrehumbert and Cynthia G. Clopper
II. Variation and language universals
Variation in co-variation: The search for explanatory principles 133
Ian Maddieson
vi Contents
Tonal effects on perceived vowel duration 151
Alan C. L.Yu
Mixed voicing word-initial onset clusters 169
Rina Kreitman
Phonetically-based sound patterns: Typological tendencies or
phonological universals? 201
Juliette Blevins
III. Variation and the emergence of phonology
Developing representations and the emergence of phonology:
Evidence from perception and production 227
Paula Fikkert
Phonological templates in early words 261
Marilyn MayVihman
Constraints on the acquisition of variation 285
Matthew Goldrick and Meredith Larson
A psycholinguistic perspective on the acquisition of phonology 311
Franck Ramus, Sharon Peperkamp, Anne Christophe, Charlotte
Jacquemot, Sid Kouider and Emmanuel Dupoux
IV. Variation at the crossroad between normal and“disordered”
speech
Hard-wired phonology: Limits and latitude of phonological variation
in pathological speech 343
Grzegorz Dogil
Representation and access in phonological impairment 381
Benjamin Munson, Adriane L. Baylis, Miriam O. Krause and
DongsunYim
Contents vii
Intonation structure and disfluency detection in stuttering 405
Timothy Arbisi-Kelm
Prosodic structure and tongue twister errors 433
Karen Croot, Claudia Au and Amy Harper
Commentary on papers: Variation at the crossroad between normal
and disordered speech 461
Ray D. Kent
V. Phonetic detail, processes and representation
Phonetic variation as communicative system: Perception of the
particular and the abstract 479
Sarah Hawkins
Morphological effects on fine phonetic detail: The case of Dutch
-igheid 511
Mark Pluymaekers, Mirjam Ernestus, R. Harald Baayen and
Geert Booij
The variability of early accent peaks in Standard German 533
Tamara Rathcke and Jonathan Harrington
Lexical and contextual predictability: Confluent effects on the
production of vowels 557
Rebecca Scarborough
Modeling listeners: Comments on Pluymaekers et al. and
Scarborough 587
Edward Flemming
What is and what is not under the control of the speaker: Intrinsic
vowel duration 607
Maria-Josep Solé and John J. Ohala
viii Contents
Variation in overlap and phonological grammar in MoroccanArabic
clusters 657
Adamantios I. Gafos, Philip Hoole, Kevin Roon and Chakir Zeroual
Variability and homogeneity inAmerican English /ô/ allophony and
/s/ retraction 699
Jeff Mielke,Adam Baker and Diana Archangeli
Compensation for assimilatory devoicing and prosodic structure in
German fricative perception 731
Claudia Kuzla, Mirjam Ernestus and Holger Mitterer
Filling the perceptuo-motor gap 759
Jean-Luc Schwartz
Subject index 787
Language index 791
Introduction
Thepresentvolumecontainsaselectionofthepapersandcommentarieswhich
wereoriginallypresentedorallyattheTenthConferenceofLaboratoryPhonol-
ogy(LabPhon10)heldinParisfromJune29toJuly1,2006.
Twenty-one years after its first edition, we were honoured to celebrate the
10thanniversaryofthisnowwellestablishedinternationalconferencewithmore
than200participants.
The event was jointly organized by a team of scholars from different uni-
versities in France: Ce´cile Fougeron (LPP/CNRS-Paris3) chair, Mariapaola
D’Imperio (LPL/Aix en Provence) co-chair, Barbara Kühnert (LPP/CNRS-
Paris3),Noe¨lNguyen(LPL/AixenProvence),NathalieValle´e(ICP/Grenoble),
Sophie Wauquier (LLING/Nantes), Lise Crevier (LPP/CNRS-Paris3), Annie
Rialland(LPP/CNRS-Paris3),andJacquelineVaissie`re(LPP/CNRS-Paris3).
Thethemeoftheconferencewas“variation, phonetic detailand phonolog-
ical representation” with theaimto better understand anddefinethe linguistic
relevanceofpatterns of variation and ofphonetic detail in the areasofspeech
production, perception and acquisition. The impact of variation and phonetic
detail on phonological representations and theories was also addressed from
boththeperspectiveofthecrossroadbetweennormalanddisorderedspeech,as
wellasfromtheangleoflanguage-dependentvariationversuslanguageuniver-
sals.Thestudyofvariationinspeechhasalongstandingtraditioninphonetics,
andthequestion ofwhethercertainpatternsofvariationneedtobeconsidered
forthephonological modelling oflanguagesandlanguageusehasreceivedan
increasing interest in the research from a Laboratory Phonology perspective.
As aconsequence, looking at both the languagesystem andthe language user
is essential for understanding which aspects of variation are primarily due to
theperipheralmotorsystem,andwhicharephonologicallyrelevant.Long-time
considered as being solely some form of ‘noise’, in the last decade, phonetic
detailhasgainedacentralrolefortheconceptualizationofphonologicalrepre-
sentations andhencetheformalizationofphonological models.
Thecollection ofthepapersinthisvolumeisorganizedinfivesections.
SectionIcontainsthepresentationsincludedinthespecial‘10thanniversary
session’,whichwasorganizedforthisparticulareditionoftheconference.The
papersrepresentinaprototypical waysomeofthedifferentresearchquestions
thathavebeenatthecoreofimportantdebatesoverthelast20yearsinthelabora-
x Introduction
toryphonologycommunity.Theissuesof‘what’exactlyLaboratoryPhonology
is and ‘who’belongs to its community are dealt with explicitly in the contri-
bution by Cohn and in the commentary by Pierrehumbert and Clopper. Cohn
alsogivesacriticalreviewofsomeofthemajorresearchtopics,challengesand
accomplishmentsthatemergedinthehistoryofLabphon.Inaproductionstudy
based on the gestural approach of Articulatory Phonology, Byrd investigates
how prosodic and phonological structural properties of utterances interact in
shapingthedetailsofarticulatorytiming.Beingconcernedwiththealternative
side oflanguageprocessing, Cutler etal.present aseriesofexperimental data
onperceptuallearningandtheresultsofcomputationalsimulations.Theyargue
that abstractphonemic categoriesareanecessarycomponentat somestage of
thelexicalaccessprocess,andthattheabilitytostoretalker-specificknowledge
about those categoriesprovides the listenerwith themeanstodealwith cross-
talkervariation.Finally,aclassicalquestionofmetrical-autosegmentalphonol-
ogyisaddressedinRidouane’sanalysisofthephoneticcorrelatesofthreetypes
ofgeminatesinTashlhiytBerber.Usingacousticandelectropalatographicdata,
heshowsthat,unlikeconcatenatedgeminates,underlyingandassimilatedgem-
inatesareenhancedbyadditional acousticcharacteristics.Thethreepapersare
discussedandputintothelargercontextofthehistoryofLaboratoryPhonology
research in the commentary by Pierrehumbert and Clopper who suggest that
thefutureoflaboratoryphonologywilllieinanimprovedunderstandingofthe
socialfunctionandsocialcontextoflanguage.
Thearticlesinsection IIaddressissues ofphonological universals andlan-
guage typology, another domain that has profited widely from the use of ex-
perimental dataover the previous two decades.Maddieson offers several tests
ofthe hypothesis that certain widely attested patterns of phonetic co-variation
(betweenvowelheightandf0andbetweensegmentdurationswithintherhyme)
reflecta tendency of talkers to enhance perceptual contrasts.Yu examines the
relationship between the perception of vowel duration and tonal contrasts and
itsimplicationsfortheemergenceoftypologicallyprevalenttonesystems.Kre-
itman’spaperdealswithvoicing inword-initial stop-stop clustersandprovides
additional evidence forthe existence of [+voice][–voice] clusters based on an
acoustical analysis of these clusters in Modern Hebrew. All papers are dis-
cussed by Blevins who focuses on the question of typological tendencies and
phonologicaluniversals,examiningcovaryingphoneticpropertiesaswellasthe
recurrenceofsimilarsoundchangesinseverallanguages.
InsectionIII,thenotionsofvariationandphoneticdetailareexaminedwith
regard to how they areacquired and dealt with in the formation of phonolog-
ical representation in emergingsystems. Fikkertproposes that children’s early
phonologicalrepresentationsareabstractandunderspecified,arguingagainstre-