Laboratory manual for human anatomy & physiology : main version PDF
Preview Laboratory manual for human anatomy & physiology : main version
MAIN VERSION LABORATORY MANUAL FOR HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FOURTH EDITION TERRY R. MARTIN Kishwaukee College CYNTHIA PRENTICE-CRAVER Chemeketa Community College mar59086_fm_i-xxii.indd 1 10/17/17 8:29 PM LABORATORY MANUAL FOR HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: MAIN VERSION, FOURTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2019 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2016, 2013, and 2010. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LMN 21 20 19 18 ISBN 978-1-260-15908-6 MHID 1-260-15908-6 Portfolio Manager: Amy Reed Product Developers: Fran Simon/Michelle Gaseor Marketing Manager: James Connely Content Project Manager: Ann Courtney Buyer: Sandy Ludovissy Design: Tara McDermott Content Licensing Specialists: Lori Hancock Cover Image: © Bryan Hainer/Getty Images RF Compositor: MPS Limited All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. Some of the laboratory experiments included in this text may be hazardous if materials are handled improperly or if procedures are conducted incorrectly. Safety precautions are necessary when you are working with chemicals, glass test tubes, hot water baths, sharp instruments, and the like, or for any procedures that generally require caution. Your school may have set regulations regarding safety procedures that your instructor will explain to you. Should you have any problems with materials or procedures, please ask your instructor for help. mheducation.com/highered mar59086_fm_i-xxii.indd 2 10/17/17 8:29 PM CONTENTS Preface vi | To the Student xx | Fundamentals of Human Skeletal System Anatomy and Physiology 12 Bone Structure and Classification 109 1 Scientific Method and Measurements 1 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 117 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 5 13 Organization of the Skeleton 121 2 Body Organization, Membranes, LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 127 and Terminology 9 14 Skull 131 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 19 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 139 3 Chemistry of Life 25 15 Vertebral Column and LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 29 Thoracic Cage 145 4 Care and Use of the Microscope 33 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 153 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 41 16 Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb 157 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 163 Cells 17 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb 167 5 Cell Structure and Function 45 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 173 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 51 18 Fetal Skeleton 177 6 Movements Through Membranes 55 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 181 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 61 19 Joint Structure and Movements 185 7 Cell Cycle 65 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 195 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 71 Muscular System Tissues 20 Skeletal Muscle Structure and 8 Epithelial Tissues 75 Function 199 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 81 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 205 9 Connective Tissues 85 21 Electromyography: BIOPAC® Exercise 207 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 89 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 217 10 Muscle and Nervous Tissues 93 22 Muscles of the Head and Neck 221 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 97 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 227 Integumentary System 23 Muscles of the Chest, Shoulder, and Upper Limb 231 11 Integumentary System 99 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 239 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 105 iii mar59086_fm_i-xxii.indd 3 24 Muscles of the Vertebral Column, 38 Ear and Equilibrium 411 Abdominal Wall, and Pelvic Floor 245 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 417 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 251 Endocrine System 25 Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb 255 39 Endocrine Structure and Function 419 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 265 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 429 Surface Anatomy 40 Diabetic Physiology 433 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 437 26 Surface Anatomy 269 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 279 Cardiovascular System Nervous System 41 Blood Cells 441 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 447 27 Nervous Tissue and Nerves 283 42 Blood Testing 451 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 291 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 457 28 Meninges, Spinal Cord, and Spinal 43 Blood Typing 459 Nerves 293 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 465 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 303 44 Heart Structure 467 29 Reflex Arc and Somatic Reflexes 307 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 477 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 313 45 Cardiac Cycle 481 30 Brain and Cranial Nerves 315 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 487 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 327 46 Electrocardiography: 31A Reaction Time: BIOPAC® BIOPAC© Exercise 491 Exercise 331 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 497 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 337 47 Blood Vessel Structure, Arteries, 31B Electroencephalography I: BIOPAC® and Veins 501 Exercise 343 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 513 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 349 48 Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure 517 32 Dissection of the Sheep Brain 351 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 523 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 357 Lymphatic System General and Special Senses 49 Lymphatic System 527 33 General Senses 359 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 535 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 363 34 Smell and Taste 367 Respiratory System LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 373 50 Respiratory Organs 537 35 Eye Structure 377 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 545 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 385 51 Breathing and Respiratory Volumes 549 36 Visual Tests and Demonstrations 391 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 557 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 397 52 Spirometry: BIOPAC® Exercise 559 37 Ear and Hearing 401 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 565 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 407 iv mar59086_fm_i-xxii.indd 4 53 Control of Breathing 567 Supplemental Laboratory Exercises* LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 573 S-1 Skeletal Muscle Contraction S-1.1 Digestive System LABORATORY ASSESSMENT S-1.5 54 Digestive Organs 577 S-2 Nerve Impulse Stimulation S-2.1 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT S-2.5 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 589 55 Action of a Digestive Enzyme 595 S-3 Factors Affecting the Cardiac Cycle S-3.1 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 599 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT S-3.5 56 Metabolism 601 Appendix 1 Laboratory Safety Guidelines A-1 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 607 Appendix 2 Preparation of Solutions A-3 Urinary System Appendix 3 Assessments of Laboratory Assessments A-5 Appendix 4 Table of Correlations–Laboratory 57 Urinary Organs 611 Exercises and Ph.I.L.S. 4.0 Lab Simulations– LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 621 Followed by Ph.I.L.S. Lessons A-7 Index I-1 58 Urinalysis 625 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 631 *These exercises are available in the eBook via Connect Anatomy & Physiology and also online for instructor distribution; see Reproductive System Instructor Resources via Connect Library tab. and Development 59 Male Reproductive System 633 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 639 60 Female Reproductive System 643 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 651 61 Meiosis, Fertilization, and Early Development 655 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 663 62 Genetics 667 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 675 v mar59086_fm_i-xxii.indd 5 PREFACE InTOUCH | Anatomy & Physiology Lab Courses WITH Author Terry Martin’s forty years of teaching anatomy and physiology courses, authorship of three laboratory manuals, and active involvement in the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) drove his determina- tion to create a laboratory manual with an innovative approach that would benefit students. Author Cynthia Prentice-Craver’s twenty-two years of passion for and experience in teaching human anatomy and physiology, and her commitment to developing curriculum that stimulates student curiosity and enthusiasm, steered her cultivation of this laboratory manual. The Laboratory Manual for Human Anatomy & Physiology includes a main version, a cat version, and a fetal pig version. Each of these versions includes sixty-three laboratory exercises, three supplemental labs found online, and six cat, or fetal pig, dissection labs in the corresponding versions. All versions are written to work well with any anatomy and physiology text. Martin Lab Manual Series . . . InTOUCH Anatomy & Physiology Lab Courses WITH Anatomy and Physiology REVEALED® icons are found in figure legends. LABORATORY 20 EXERCISE These icons indicate that there is a Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function LABORATORY Name ____________________________________________ direct link to APR available in the ASSESSMENT Date ______________________________________________ eBook provided with Connect® for this PTmouu ssrtcupledosy astshe ec eosltlfsr u tachntuder ea Es a oxnrdeg arfuncnsi.csteion of skeletal LAfeOte1ar rcLnoomicnaptglee ttOihnegu stthtrciusoc etmuxererecsi ssoef ,a y sokue slehtoaul lmd ubsec laeb flieb etor :(cell). 20 TfSoheuecn tdio Aant _ tch_oe_r r_bee_sg_pi_on_nn_dins_g _t oo_ f_t ht_he_e i _nL_da_ibc_oa_rtae_tdo_ r_Lye_ Ea_rx_ne_irnc_gi_s Oe_._ut_c_o_m_e_(s_)_ _O__ ___ title. MATERIALS NEEDED O2 wDeithscinri bae s kheolwet aclo mnnuescctleiv.e tissue is associated with muscle tissue Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function IamPtnhnrcaeedos -l trLaaepabsrobs mirem aasatpssensomsuirg aletenaln.amn tTrtse nhm nteiontays gt h we aeorirliulepal t hl cp.seotruilmnpdt eeesnd t isn CPHMFFS⊲⊲⊲rorAou oeermmmcRoWebWlFds paDryfeheEeapbauo aeeey evlTrnoossrsa owemiofoc hseYurrsmudaf uel wnotd esyr etsnaumdn eoi o klsatdrasas criu eiplkscl wcytbitlbrglrso .ui.re osoahehuohslatarnteeaestaaaif r)oncnfe blm t (smnoo mldtlhoteiy rpecsoAaun y r egagdnb scgom kulecdtseosiitilllavlcfduveiiodnionede trfegypuslieiinb : aen otaalehleefn.l re sasds kvei fnpreicne rlAtgeosiohp tttean phlc eeatninvddei x 1 TAPCBfPqr hus12eoraOOresee.. rme43ef se-as TpaTacLt fO-ismlu.r..aeoDDahhLmolcbinneelfemie laetyscait ste pasntouat oQs:ybirhiictrugnnrrcem o irrfeuwitgoecoiasceb yeksriunodilr nesptse tiimr hshsmi. ot .tuahtthi insosshyonm e d,skbEeod n sts.exei f nsyteltdilteoaeb ntwrercy xtrSetomeiaheitsrelbdeelreg o l f omun.eioaniso cclsfsuttats thsktc somer,te. oac hsraA elytsnoeneenmn n rmd ctitseteg iohowfacsniirenfxtsttersi e auevag arrtec eneiotsAat hdbdbnara tlasie re ...nsa i.nc nirsdnpnepaosausd ncwredmlmee eitdr cair eeie-uaoontcmrlixrtasofm.t eeaif ycbonoad myils n resqosiim nsi u ieunfcs u mutaoeoaethmcsrf ms e.u cmhtat. hlcLi pgeuooeato ousnfb ise csnrostee lnhir.etdsa htea.t tis eoornfe,rfo dy llt alhfoubewn. c intigo n PMprabcdefghijkaAo...........tvcREEFFMPSSSSTihdeaaaaaaenpT eytrssrrrrndihdccccioccm domeA.ooooiis Coacmy ilmppytnnle:soellesy mieaaAlriusrssuumA1immemmumms smai Ancisn 2 r Aeceost ilcsuummlunme An wtisth the definiti12345678o........ns PCC LfPLU La irlaaayonsnaoyyyctni stoteeecienm cprrrooie lnlalfoooecua sffftatmsmi hlmvccctaenoooee tm rnnno Btcninnnfb.osa eeeraPsmtaccc iulmnntttapeiiigecvvv rul eieeeooslsi ccfettttgh iiilasahsssee tsss tpemf uuuldaaieeeebrun tb tesdtttt eehhhrocC tdraaalfweo atttot lrehsssffuke ieuueybm np rrsoetrr athnauoorrridi ruuanaB jtnnc taefihddcosiossle naa inaascm tm ne bsem kueiinnnetsutwd lc stewilhcetveaelei ietlin dh ssnm u pZtaaoauc l dc tssmiiecmnsl cueassl cl( llbeiun fneisdb)leers called students be more prepared for lab 3.cTa..hetsi ytminnue.srgcliest p.rimarily responsible fodbr.. asanag raoccnotiilsoet.nm ims tah.e l.Troponin 190.. CCeolrldulliakre o pragratn tehlalet aintt amchuescs lae mfibuesrc lceo trore as pboonndeing to the endoplasmic reticulum and save instructors time during lab. 4.cTa..hean nentuearugarolo ninmi saptn.udl steh.e muscle fibers idbt ..inomnreuigrsvicnale.te fsi bise rc.alled the 1112.. PSmroatelli nb ufonudnled owf imthuins ctlhei cfkib feirlsa mweitnhtin a muscle Clear, concise writing style 5.cTac...hemss aaforrucctnooocrpm tlniaeoesrnuemar.lo. nco.ntractile unit of addb m...u mssaasocrrcctloeoo rlpf eilumbansemimrt .a(icc.e rlel)t iicsu tlhuem. PPrAovRidTe tBhe: laAbeslss feosr tshme eelencttrson micrograph in figure 20.7. facilitates more thorough 67..TaA.h seTy nrauceertig o_isn_t _ioc_f m _au psacrleti ccuolnatrr amctuiosnc laes issbis .atslFw tahaleys esa gt_ho_ne_ is_sat_.me. FinI GthUe RspEa 2ce0s.7 p ro Lvaidbeedl .t hisA tr1ansmission electron micrograph (16,000×) of a relaxed sarcomere by placing the correct numbers a.True _____ b.False _____ 1 understanding of lab exercises. 8.The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber (cell) is called the Chapter Opening Image: © Brian Hainer/Getty Images saa.rcTorlueem _m__a.__ b.False _____ AH bzoanned (dark) 2 119999 IM b lainned (light) 3 Sarcomere Z disc 4 6 5 © H.E. Huxley 205 BIOPAC® exercises use hardware and software for data acquisition, analysis, and recording. NEW! Exercise 56 Metabolism. This new lab will explore metabolism, how it can be measured, and conditions that influence it. FIGURE 22.8 Identify the muscles of the head and neck in this lateral view of a cadaver, using the terms provided. A1 Ph.I.L.S. 4.0 physiology lab simulations, available in 1 6 Appendix 4, make otherwise difficult and expensive 7 2 8 experiments a breeze through digital simulations. 9 43 111021 Cadaver images from Anatomy & Physiology REVEALED® 5 13 (APR) are incorporated throughout the lab. Cadaver images help students make the connection from specimen to cadaver. TD eaernpmgreusl:si soorris O (occf ieppitiaclr abneilulys) STetemrnpoocraleliisdomastoid Micrographs incorporated throughout the lab aid Frontal belly Orbicularis oculi Trapezius M (oafs seeptiecrranius)OPlrabtyicsumlaaris oris Z (ysguopmeraiotirc upsa rmt)ajor students’ visual understanding of difficult topics. Nasalis Splenius capitis © McGraw-Hill Education/APR Instructor’s Guide is annotated for quick and easy use PART B: Assessments Complete the following statements: by instructors and is available online. 1.When the _____________________ contracts, the corner of the mouth is drawn upward and laterally when laughing. A2 vi 2.The _______________________ acts to compress the wall of the cheeks when air is blown out of the mouth. A2 3.The _______________________ causes the lips to close and pucker during kissing, whistling, and speaking. A2 4.The temporalis acts to ___________________________________________________. A2 5.The _______________________ pterygoid can close the jaw and pull it sideways. A2 6.The _______________________ pterygoid can protrude the jaw, pull the jaw sideways, and open the mouth. A2 7.The ___________________ wrinkles the skin of the chin, and raises and protrudes the lower lip when drinking, pouting, or expressing doubt. A2 8.The _______________________ can close the eye, as in blinking. A2 9.The _______________________ can pull the head toward the chest. A2 228 mar59086_fm_i-xxii.indd 6 FEATURES OF THIS LABORATORY MANUAL InTOUCH WITH Student Needs The annotated instructor’s guide for Laboratory Man- ual for Human Anatomy and Physiology describes the The procedures are clear, concise, and easy to follow. purpose of the laboratory manual and its special fea- Relevant lists and summary tables present the contents tures, provides suggestions for presenting the labora- efficiently. histology micrographs and cadaver photos tory exercises to students, instructional approaches, a are incorporated in the appropriate locations within the suggested time schedule, and annotated figures and associated labs. assessments. It contains a “Student Safety Contract” The pre-lab section includes quiz questions. It also and a “Student Informed Consent Form.” directs the student to carefully read the introductory Each laboratory exercise can be completed during a material and the entire lab to become familiar with its single laboratory session. contents. If necessary, a textbook or lecture notes might be needed to supplement the concepts. InTOUCH Terminologia Anatomica is used as the source for uni- versal terminology in this laboratory manual. Alternative WITH Educational Needs names are included when a term is introduced for the first time. Learning outcomes with icons O have match- ing assessments with icons A so students can be sure Laboratory assessments immediately follow each labo- they have accomplished the laboratory exercise content. ratory exercise. Outcomes and assessments include all levels of learning Histology photos are placed within the appropriate lab- skills: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, oratory exercise. and create. A section called “Study Skills for Anatomy and Physi- Assessment rubrics for entire laboratory assessments ology” is located in the front of this laboratory man- are included in Appendix 3. ual. This section was written by students enrolled in a Human Anatomy and Physiology course. InTOUCH Technology WITH Critical Thinking Activities and Assessments are incorporated within most of the laboratory exercises to enhance valuable critical thinking skills that students need throughout their lives. Cadaver images are incorporated with dissection labs. Detailed cadaver photographs blended together with a state-of-the-art layering technique provide a uniquely interactive dissection experience. Cat and fetal pig InTOUCH Instructor Needs WITH versions are also available. The instructor will find digital assets for use in creating Physiology Interactive Lab Simulations customized lectures, visually enhanced tests and quiz- (Ph.I.L.S. 4.0) is included with the Connect zes, and other printed support material. website for this laboratory manual. Eleven A correlation guide for Anatomy & Physiology lab simulations are located in Appendix 4, Revealed® (APR) and the entire lab manual is avail- including a correlation guide. able. Contact your McGraw-Hill Learning Technology Representative. Cadaver images from APR are included BIOPAC® exercises are included on within many of the laboratory exercises. four different body systems. BIOPAC® Some unique labs included are “Scientific Method and systems use hardware and software for data acquisi- Measurements,” “Chemistry of Life,” “Fetal Skeleton,” tion, analysis, and recording of information for an “Surface Anatomy,” “Diabetic Physiology,” “Metabo- individual. lism,” and “Genetics.” vii mar59086_fm_i-xxii.indd 7 McGraw-Hill Connect® is a highly reliable, easy-to- use homework and learning management solution that utilizes learning science and award-winning adaptive tools to improve student results. Homework and Adaptive Learning ▪ Connect’s assignments help students contextualize what they’ve learned through application, so they can better understand the material and think critically. ▪ Connect will create a personalized study path customized to individual student needs through SmartBook®. ▪ SmartBook helps students study more efficiently by delivering an interactive reading experience through adaptive highlighting and review. Over 7 billion questions have been Using Connect improves retention rates by 19.8%, passing rates by answered, making McGraw-Hill 12.7%, and exam scores by 9.1%. Education products more intelligent, reliable, and precise. 73% of instructors who use Connect require it; instructor Quality Content and Learning Resources satisfaction increases by 28% when ▪ Connect content is authored by the world’s best subject Connect is required. matter experts, and is available to your class through a simple and intuitive interface. ▪ The Connect eBook makes it easy for students to access their reading material on smartphones and tablets. They can study on the go and don’t need internet access to use the eBook as a reference, with full functionality. ▪ Multimedia content such as videos, simulations, and games drive student engagement and critical thinking skills. ©McGraw-Hill Education mar59086_fm_i-xxii.indd 8 Robust Analytics and Reporting ▪ Connect Insight® generates easy-to-read reports on individual students, the class as a whole, and on specific assignments. ▪ The Connect Insight dashboard delivers data on performance, study behavior, and effort. Instructors can quickly identify students who ©Hero Images/Getty Images struggle and focus on material that the class has yet to master. ▪ Connect automatically grades assignments and quizzes, providing easy-to-read reports on individual and class performance. More students earn As and Bs when they use Connect. Trusted Service and Support ▪ Connect integrates with your LMS to provide single sign-on and automatic syncing of grades. Integration with Blackboard®, D2L®, and Canvas also provides automatic syncing of the course calendar and assignment-level linking. ▪ Connect offers comprehensive service, support, and training throughout every phase of your implementation. ▪ If you’re looking for some guidance on how to use Connect, or want to learn tips and tricks from super users, you can find tutorials as you work. Our Digital Faculty Consultants and Student Ambassadors offer insight into how to achieve the results you want with Connect. www.mheducation.com/connect mar59086_fm_i-xxii.indd 9
The list of books you might like
