Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology

752 Pages·2011·73.33 MB·English

by  Connie Allen

This page intentionally left blank
JWCL323_fm_i-xiv.qxd 11/16/10 1:20 PM Page i
HELPING TEACHERS
AND STUDENTS
SUCCEED TOGETHER
JWCL323_fm_i-xiv.qxd 11/16/10 1:20 PM Page ii
I dedicate this book to my faithful and devoted husband, Jim, who patiently endured the many hours
I’ve spent on this book and continued to encourage and inspire me.
—CONNIEALLEN
I dedicate this book to my children, Scott and Kate, who have taught me so much,
and to my husband Chuck who has supported me emotionally, made dinner,
done laundry, and helped with the children.
—VALERIEHARPER
JWCL323_fm_i-xiv.qxd 11/16/10 1:20 PM Page iii
Laboratory Manual
for Anatomy and
Physiology
Fourth Edition
CONNIE ALLEN
Edison State College
VALERIE HARPER
Mesa State College
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
JWCL323_fm_i-xiv.qxd 11/16/10 1:20 PM Page iv
VP & EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER Kaye Pace
EXECUTIVE EDITOR Bonnie Roesch
PROJECT EDITOR Lorraina Raccuia
PROGRAM ASSISTANT Lauren Morris
EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER Clay Stone
PRODUCTION MANAGER Dorothy Sinclair
SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR Suzanne Ingrao of Ingrao Associates
SENIOR DESIGNER Wendy Lai
SENIOR ILLUSTRATION EDITOR Anna Melhorn
PHOTO MANAGER Hilary Newman
SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR Linda Muriello
MEDIA SPECIALIST Svetlana Barskaya
Cover photos (left to right): Alfred Pasieka/Photo Researchers, Inc.; Dissection Shawn Miller,
Photograph Mark Nielsen; ©Copyright SOMSO®Modelle Coburg/Germany, www.somso.com;
Courtesy Michael Ross, University of Florida
This book was typeset in 10/12 Times Roman by Aptara and printed and bound by Courier Kendallville
Press. The cover was printed by Courier Kendallville.
This book is printed on acid free paper. (cid:2)
Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons. Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding
for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations.
Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities
we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a
global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our
business. Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procure-
ment, ethical conduct within our business and among our vendors, and community and charitable
support. For more information, please visit our website: www.wiley.com/go/citizenship.
The procedures in this text are intended for use only by students with appropriate faculty
supervision. In preparing the text, care has been taken to identify potentially hazardous steps and to
insert safety precautions where appropriate. The authors and publisher believe the procedures to be
useful tools if performed with the materials and equipment specified, in careful accordance with the
instructions and methods in the text. However, these procedures must be conducted at one’s own
risk. The author and publisher do not warrant or guarantee the safety of individuals using these
procedures and specifically disclaim any and all liability resulting directly or indirectly from the
use or application of any information contained in this book.
Copyright ©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as per-
mitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior
written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy
fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website
www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be, addressed to the Per-
missions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 070305774, (201)
748-6008, website www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
“Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only,
for use in their courses during the next academic year. These copies are licensed and may not be
sold or transferred to a third party. Upon completion of the review period, please return the evalua-
tion copy to Wiley. Return instructions and a free of charge return shipping label are available at
www.wiley.com/go/returnlabel. Outside of the United States, please contact your local representative.”.
ISBN-13 978-0470-59890-0
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
JWCL323_fm_i-xiv.qxd 11/16/10 1:20 PM Page v
Preface
A
natomy and physiologyis a challenging course, home or in the laboratory. Students first write out the name
and this laboratory manual is written to help stu- of the structure to help learn it. Then the completed dia-
dents meet that challenge. It is written for stu- grams will be used to identify structures on models.
dents interested in allied health fields, such as nursing; • Word derivatives for bolded terms are given in the text.
physical, respiratory, cardiovascular, or occupational • Phonetic pronunciation is included as new words are
therapy; radiology; and dental hygiene. This manual may introduced.
be used with any two-semester anatomy and physiology • Physiology experiments use students as subjects and
textbook. can be completed with either simple, inexpensive equip-
The design of this laboratory manual is based on the ment or more complex setups.
authors’ experience as anatomy and physiology instructors • Experimental report sections after physiology experi-
and uses three learning styles: visual, auditory, and kines- ments where students are asked to make predictions,
thetic. When students label diagrams, they focus on the collect and analyze data, and write simple lab reports.
structure rather than just the dot at the end of a line. Writ- • Discussion Questions are within the activities to make
ing out the structure’s name and pronouncing it reinforces the students think about the material presented.
learning. Also, having students become subjects of labora- • An Answer Key is provided at the end of the laboratory
tory exercises personalizes the learning process. Animal manual for the activities in each exercise. Students
dissections give students an opportunity to physically receive immediate feedback, and they are not dependent
manipulate structures, comparing location and texture, and on the instructor for the correct answers.
to observe how structures are supported, protected, and • “Reviewing Your Knowledge” and “Using Your Knowl-
attached by connective tissue. edge” sections follow the activities at the end of each exer-
Special features incorporated in this laboratory manual cise. “Reviewing Your Knowledge” provides a thorough
include: review of the material in the exercise, whereas “Using
Your Knowledge” requires students to apply information
• Just enough text is provided to introduce concepts in
learned. Either or both of these sections may be handed in
each section and to set up and support the laboratory sec-
to the instructors for a grade, because neither section has
tion. The exercises are written so students do not need
answers in the back of the laboratory manual. Answers to
their textbooks to complete the laboratory activities.
these two sections are in the online Instructor’s Manual.
• New material is divided into small segments, starting with
simple diagrams, illustrating the basic concepts and build-
Other New Features:
ing up to more complex diagrams. Subsequent activities
add to the students’ knowledge in a stepwise fashion. This • New activities on Fingerprinting, Myelination of
is especially noticed in the skeletal and muscular exercises. Axons, GI Transit Time and Red-green colorblindness.
• Each exercise contains a list of objectives, materials • More Cadaver photos are integrated into the exercises.
needed for the exercise, and easily identifiable labora- • New simplified lab activities that can be used in a vari-
tory activity sections. ety of ways have been added. These experiments can be
• Unlabeled four-color drawings, photographs, and pho- performed by students at home, if they are taking an on-
tomicrographs are included for students to label either at line course or used in the laboratory.
v
JWCL323_fm_i-xiv.qxd 11/16/10 1:20 PM Page vi
vi PREFACE
The New Edition is Integrated
with PowerPhys 2.0
Each Lab Manual contains online access to PowerPhys 2.0
for students. PowerPhys 2.0 is physiological simulation
software for the A & P laboratory that allows students to
explore physiology principles through 11 self-contained
activities. Each activity contains objectives with illus-
trated and animated review material, pre-lab quizzes, pre-
lab reports, data collection and analysis, and a full lab
report with discussion and application questions. Experi-
ments contain real data that is randomly generated, allow-
ing users to experiment multiple times, but still arrive at
the same conclusions. These activities focus on core phys-
iological concepts and reinforce techniques experienced in
the laboratory. References to PowerPhys 2.0 are marked
with this icon. www.wiley.com/college/powerphys.
• New Activity: Homeostatic Imbalances of Thyroid Func-
tion.
• This clinical experiment allows students to discover how
the functions of the endocrine glands affect hormone bal-
ance.
• Fully revised and updated laboratory report questions.
• Laboratory reports that are offered in PDF and Word for-
mats, for more flexibility.
Dissection Manuals
• Depending on your needs, a Cat Dissection Manual or Fetal
Pig Dissection Manual is available to accompany the main
lab manual. Both dissection manuals contain dissection
activities for use in the lab accompanied by full color photos
and figures.
JWCL323_fm_i-xiv.qxd 11/16/10 1:20 PM Page vii
WileyPLUS and You
WileyPLUS for Anatomy and Physiology is an innovative, research-
based online environment designed for both effective teaching and
learning. Utilizing WileyPLUS in your lab course provides your
students with an accessible, affordable, and active learning platform
and you tools and resources to efficiently build presentations for a
dynamic laboratory experience and to create and manage effective
assessment strategies. The underlying principles of design,
engagement, and measurable outcomesprovide the foundation for
this powerful, new release of WileyPLUS.
Design
• New research-based design helps students manage their time better and develop better study skills
• Course Calendars help track assignments for both students and teachers
• New Course Plan makes it easier to assign pre- and post-lab activities and assessment. Simple drag-and-drop tools
make it easy to assign the course plan as-is or in any way that best reflects your course syllabus.
The new design makes it easy for students to know whatit is they need to do, boosting their confidence and preparing
them for greater engagement in lab.
Engagement
• Complete online version of the lab manual for seamless integration of all content
• Online version of the lab manual includes interactive figure labeling exercises for students
• Relevant student study tools and learning resources ensure positive learning outcomes
• Immediate feedback boosts confidence and help students see a return on investment for each study session
• Resources like Cadaver Videos, Anatomy Drill and Practice help students study for laboratory practicals
• Course materials, including editable PowerPoint stacks and Wiley’s Visual Library for Anatomy and Physiology,
help you personalize lessons and optimize your time
Concept mastery in this discipline is directly related to students keeping up with the work and not falling behind. The new
Concept Modules, Activities, Self Study and Progress Checks in WileyPLUS will ensure that students know howto study
effectively so they will remain engaged and stay on task.
Measurable Outcomes
• Progress check enables students to hone in on areas of weakness for increased success
• Self-assessment and remediation for all learning objectives lets students know exactly how their efforts have paid off
• Instant reports monitor trends in class performance, use of course materials, and student progress towards learning
objectives
• New gradable versions of the PowerPhys 2.0 laboratory reports allow you to assign and grade these within WileyPLUS
With new detailed reporting capabilities students will knowthat they are doing it right. With increased confidence,
motivation is sustained so students stay on task, and success will follow.
Please contact your Wiley representative for details about these and other resources or visit our website at
www.wiley.com/college/sc/aandpand click on the laboratory text cover to explore the assets more fully.
vii
JWCL323_fm_i-xiv.qxd 11/16/10 1:20 PM Page viii
Real Anatomy
Mark Nielsen and Shawn Miller, University of Utah
Real Anatomy is 3-D imaging software that allows you to dissect through
multiple layers of a three-dimensional real human body to study and learn
the anatomical structures of all body systems.
• Dissect through up to 40 layers of the body
and discover the relationships of the
structures to the whole.
• Rotate the body as well as major
organs to view the image from multiple
perspectives.
• Use a built-in zoom feature to get a closer look at
detail.
• A unique approach to highlighting and labeling
structures does not obscure the real anatomy in
view.
• Related Images provide multiple views of
structures being studied.
viii