Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia

325 Pages·2009·4.44 MB·English

by  Paul Flecknell

Laboratory Animal
Anaesthesia
Third Edition
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Laboratory Animal
Anaesthesia
Third Edition
Paul Flecknell
Comparative Biology Centre
Medical School
Newcastle University
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Contents
Preface vii
Preface to the Second Edition ix
Preface to the First Edition xi
Glossary xiii
List of Tables xv
List of Figures xix
A cknowledgements xxi
Introduction xxiii
1 Preparing for Anaesthesia 1
Anaesthetic equipment and anaesthetic drugs 1
Other equipment 8
Personnel 14
The animal 15
2 Anaesthesia 19
General anaesthesia 20
3 Anaesthetic Management 79
Pre-operative preparations 79
Monitoring anaesthesia 81
Anaesthetic problems and emergencies 95
4 Special Techniques 109
Use of neuromuscular blocking agents 109
Controlled ventilation 113
Long-term anaesthesia 119
Anaesthesia of pregnant animals 131
Anaesthesia of neonates 134
Anaesthesia for imaging 135
5 Analgesia and Post-operative Care 139
The recovery room environment 140
Problems during the recovery period 142
Management of post-operative pain 147
Pain assessment 153
v
vi Contents
Pain relief 160
Conclusions 179
6 Anaesthesia of Common Laboratory Species:
Special Considerations 181
Small rodents 183
Rabbits 204
Cats 212
Dogs 217
Ferrets 221
Pigs 222
Sheep and goats 227
Primates 231
Other species 234
Bibliography 243
A ppendix 1 Recommended Techniques and Physiological Data 275
A ppendix 2 Estimation of Required Quantities of Volatile Anaesthetics
and Anaesthetic Gases 281
A ppendix 3 Examples of Dilutions of Anaesthetic Mixtures
for Small Rodents 283
A ppendix 4 Manufacturers of Equipment and Other Items
Illustrated or Cited in the Text 287
Index 291
Preface
The additions and amendments to this new edition reflect developments in anaes-
thetic practice and changes in our attitudes towards laboratory animal welfare.
Standards of anaesthesia for laboratory animals have increased greatly since the
publication of the second edition, and the use of technically demanding proce-
dures have become much more widespread. This new edition attempts to balance
the need for additional information in these areas with the main goal of the first
edition: the provision of an introductory text for new investigators.
With the continued move towards evidence-based medicine, the number
of references has been increased. It has never been my intention to provide a
comprehensive anaesthesia textbook, so references have been used primarily to
support contentious statements, to indicate conflicting opinions and to provide
a starting point for searching the more specialist scientific literature. Whenever
possible, recent papers that contain a good discussion of the literature have been
selected for citation at appropriate points in the text where older references rep-
resent original useful material they have been retained.
Paul Flecknell
vii
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Preface to the Second Edition
S ince writing the first edition of this book, there has been a welcome increase
in concern for the welfare of laboratory animals. One result of this has been
the introduction by a number of countries of formal training requirements for
new research workers. This increased interest in animal welfare has also led to
the improved dissemination of information regarding ‘ best practice ’ in many
aspects of laboratory animal science. The second edition of Laboratory Animal
Anaesthesia has benefited from this exchange of information, and the addi-
tions and revisions which have been included owe much to comments from my
colleagues from around the world. A major addition to this new edition is the
inclusion of illustrations of techniques and equipment. The format of the book
remains relatively unchanged, except for Chapter 7, which now incorporates
some of the information previously included in the appendices. This enables
more of the information relating to a particular species to be accessed quickly
and easily. Brief descriptions of anaesthetic techniques for fish, amphibia, rep-
tiles and birds have also been included, to provide some basic guidance for deal-
ing with these species.
Paul Flecknell
ix