labor law, economics and regulation. italy and spain

276 Pages·2016·1.68 MB·Italian

UNIVERSITÀ LUISS UNIVERSIDAD
“GUIDO CARLI” DI DE SEVILLA
ROMA

DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN “DIRITTO E IMPRESA”

PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO EN “DERECHO”

LABOR LAW, ECONOMICS AND REGULATION.
ITALY AND SPAIN: COMPARING MODELS IN
THE EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK.

CO-TUTORSHIP Ph.D THESIS

SUPERVISORS CANDIDATE

Prof. Roberto PESSI Dr. Stefano BINI
Prof. Jesús CRUZ VILLALÓN

CO-SUPERVISOR

Prof. Raffaele FABOZZI

Roma – Sevilla, 2016
To my parents

Tesi di dottorato di Stefano Bini, soggetta a Copyright ©
Università LUISS “Guido Carli” di Roma – Universidad de Sevilla
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Acknowledgements

The present work is the result of a co-tutorship research at the
LUISS “Guido Carli” University of Rome and at the University of
Seville.

Sincere are the thanks the author wishes to address to the
Advisors of the thesis, Prof. Roberto Pessi, Prof. Jesús Cruz Villalón and
Prof. Raffaele Fabozzi, for the precious support they always guaranteed,
constantly guiding and addressing the research, without ever failing to
assure their assistance in the in depth analyses.

The author is also deeply thankful to the many Professors and
Researchers in Italy and in Spain who generously dedicated part of their
time to share with him reflections, considerations and advices. These
conferred lifeblood to the research, bringing to numerous other
publications which otherwise would not have seen light.

A contribution of extraordinary importance was given in
particular by the stimulating environment of dialogue and confrontation
which characterized the many international experiences the author had
the possibility to live during his doctorate (among others, at the
seminars of Pontignano, Venice, Santiago de Compostela, León, Cádiz
and Amsterdam).

Finally, a sincere thanks for their support goes to Prof. Giuseppe
Melis and Prof. Fernando Llano Alonso, respectively Director of the
Ph.D project “Diritto e impresa” (Law and enterprise) at the LUISS
“Guido Carli” University of Rome and Vicedecano de investigación y
doctorado de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Sevilla.
Without their precious and constant contribution, the Ph.D experience
would not have been so rich from the scientific and human point of view.

Tesi di dottorato di Stefano Bini, soggetta a Copyright ©
Università LUISS “Guido Carli” di Roma – Universidad de Sevilla
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Ringraziamenti

Il presente studio rappresenta il prodotto di un cammino di
ricerca condotto, in co-tutela, presso l’Università LUISS “Guido Carli”
di Roma e presso l’Università di Siviglia.

Sentito è il ringraziamento che l’autore rivolge ai Direttori della
tesi, Prof. Roberto Pessi, Prof. Jesús Cruz Villalón e Prof. Raffaele
Fabozzi, per il prezioso conforto che hanno sempre assicurato, guidando
e accompagnando costantemente il percorso di ricerca, senza mai far
mancare il loro sostegno nell’approfondimento.

L’autore è altresì profondamente riconoscente nei confronti dei
tanti Professori e Ricercatori che – in Italia, come in Spagna – hanno
con generosità dedicato parte del loro tempo a condividere con lui
riflessioni, ragionamenti e consigli che hanno conferito linfa vitale alla
ricerca, conducendo anche all’elaborazione di altre numerose
pubblicazioni che, altrimenti, non avrebbero visto la luce.

Un contributo di straordinario valore ai fini dell’investigazione è
stato in particolare apportato dallo stimolante clima di dialogo e
confronto che ha caratterizzato le molteplici esperienze di carattere
internazionale, che, nell’ambito del percorso dottorale, l’autore ha avuto
l’opportunità di vivere (si pensi, tra gli altri, ai seminari di Pontignano,
di Venezia, di Santiago de Compostela, di León, di Cádiz e di
Amsterdam).

Un ringraziamento sincero per il loro sostegno va infine al Prof.
Giuseppe Melis e al Prof. Fernando Llano Alonso, rispettivamente
Coordinatore del Dottorato di ricerca in “Diritto e impresa” presso la
LUISS “Guido Carli” di Roma e Vicedecano de investigación y
doctorado de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Sevilla. Senza
il loro prezioso e costante contributo, il cammino dottorale non sarebbe
stato così ricco, sia scientificamente che umanamente.
Tesi di dottorato di Stefano Bini, soggetta a Copyright ©
Università LUISS “Guido Carli” di Roma – Universidad de Sevilla
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Agradecimientos

El presente estudio representa el producto de un camino de
investigación conducto, en co-tutela, entre la Universidad LUISS “Guido
Carli” de Roma y la Universidad de Sevilla.

Con gran consideración y agradecimiento el autor se dirige a los
Directores de la tesis, Prof. Roberto Pessi, Prof. Jesús Cruz Villalón y
Prof. Raffaele Fabozzi, por la preciosa disponibilidad que han siempre
asegurado, guiando y acompañando constantemente todas las etapas de
la investigación, sin nunca dejar de entregar su apoyo en la
profundización.

El autor está también profundamente agradecido a los muchos
Profesores e Investigadores – en Italia, como en España – que con
generosidad han dedicado parte de su tiempo para compartir sus
pensamientos, razonamientos y consejos, que le han dado impulso
fundamental en la investigación, así como en la elaboración de
numerosas otras publicaciones, que de otro modo no habrían visto la luz.

Una contribución de extraordinario valor a la investigación vino
en particular del estimulante clima de diálogo y confrontación que
caracterizó muchas de las experiencias de nivel internacional que, en el
contexto del programa de doctorado, el autor ha tenido la oportunidad
de vivir (entre otros, los seminarios de Pontignano, Venecia, Santiago
de Compostela, León, Cádiz y Amsterdam).

Un sincero agradecimiento por el apoyo va finalmente al Prof.
Giuseppe Melis y al Prof. Fernando Alonso Llano, respectivamente
Coordinador del Programa de Doctorado en “Derecho y Empresa”
en la LUISS “Guido Carli” de Roma y Vicedecano de investigación y
doctorado de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Sevilla.
Sin su valiosa y continua contribución, el camino del doctorado no
habría sido tan rico, tanto científicamente como humanamente.

Tesi di dottorato di Stefano Bini, soggetta a Copyright ©
Università LUISS “Guido Carli” di Roma – Universidad de Sevilla
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract and conclusions in brief 11
Riassunto e conclusioni in breve 14
Resumen y conclusiones en breve 17

Chapter 1
The rules of labor law in their interaction with economics
1. The crisis of labor law in its interaction with
economics. 21
2. The impossibility to overcome the “conflictual”
nature of labor law: the essence of the subject. 24
3. Labor law as «luogo elettivo della libertà
intellettuale» and «chiave per guardare il mondo». 27
4. The natural inclination of the subject to project itself
towards the outside world. 30
5. An organic reflection about the method and the
rationality of labor law. 34
6. The resistance of the labor law system beyond the
case of subordinate employment: a recentralization of
the forms of protection? 36
7. Economic rationality and social rationality: the
search of a new balance 41
8. Labor law capabilities and challenges: new and old
dualisms. 43
9. The re-conceptualization of labor law beyond
subordinate employment: what “rules”? 48
10. Definition and taxonomic contributions… the
concrete dialogue between conceptual dimensions. 53
11. Asymmetries of information. 57
Tesi di dottorato di Stefano Bini, soggetta a Copyright ©
Università LUISS “Guido Carli” di Roma – Universidad de Sevilla
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12. New labor market scenarios. 63

Chapter 2
From labor to labor regulations: economic factuality, juridical
evaluation and comparative studies. Methodological premises to an
analytical-conceptual elaboration.
1. Economic factuality in the perspective of labor law. 72
2. Employment dismissal as a paradigmatic institute of
the economic impact on law. 76
3. The rediscovery of labor law axiology. 78
4. On the concept of power in labor law and economics. 80
5. From “measurement” to “evaluation”: the possible
contribution of the economic analysis of law to the
juridical sphere. 84
6. The dualism rigidity-flexibility. 88
7. Overcoming interdisciplinary diffidence. The
foundations for an advantageous dialogue between
labor law and economics: the sharing of a mutually
understandable and easy to use language. 95
8. For a new reflection on the juridical method in
general. From the economic analysis of law to
“positive” labor law: est modus in rebus. 98
9. About the renewed topicality of comparative studies
in labor law. 103
10. Comparisons in the dialogue between economics and
labor law… what role can there be for comparative
labor law? 110
11. The construction of new labor law models. 112

Tesi di dottorato di Stefano Bini, soggetta a Copyright ©
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Chapter 3
Flexibility and security in European labor law: adaptability,
modernization and right balance.
1. The roots of the concept of flexibility in labor law:
the mitigation of opposite interests. 115
2. One word, many meanings. 116
3. Subordination as paradigm of rigidity? 118
4. From the multiplication of contract typologies to the
flexibility of the subordinate work relationship. 124
5. A first conceptual approximation of the concept of
labor market flexibility. 126
6. “Internal” and “external” ambits of flexibility. 129
7. The paradigmatic nature of flexibility. 132
8. Internal flexibility in the perspective of the safeguard
of occupational levels. 134
9. The conceptual framework of internal flexibility. 137
10. What contents for flexicurity? 138
10.1. Ten years after the Green Paper of the European
Commission (2006): the modernization of labor
law. 138
10.2. (follows) The Green Paper of the European
Commission (2006): flexibility and security. 142
11. The morphology of the labor market and how it has
changed. Concluding remarks. 144

Chapter 4
Economics and labor law in the comparative framework of the ius
variandi. The professional demotion/deskilling of the worker in Italy
and Spain: an emblematic institute of paradigmatic changes.
Tesi di dottorato di Stefano Bini, soggetta a Copyright ©
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1. Methodological introduction. 148
2. Executive power and subordination as the “keystone”
of the system of relations between labor law and
economics. 149
3. A historical-evolutionary introduction to work
organization. The worker’s tasks as a paradigm of
change: from Ford to Toyota, to Amazon. 154
3.1. Evolution, part one: beyond “Modern Times”. 154
3.2. Evolution, part second: work organization in the
digital era. 158
4. The object of the work performance: the conceptual
dimension. 160
5. The organization of the worker in Italy: tasks,
qualifications and categories. 162
6. The organization of the worker in Spain: from the
categorías profesionales to the grupos profesionales.
Much more than a semantic variation. 165
7. Two core regulations in comparison: the article 2103
c.c. in Italy and the articles 39 and 41 E.T. in Spain.
The results of two parallel paths of reform. 171
7.1. Article 2103 c.c. in Italy. 172
7.1.1. Article 2103 c.c. in Italy: the original
formulation (1942-1970). 173
7.1.2. Article 2103 c.c. in Italy: the novelty of
1970 (1970-2015). 175
7.1.3. Article 2103 c.c. in Italy: the novelty of
the Job’s act, legislative decree 15 June
2015, n. 81 (2015-today). 179
7.2. The articles 39 and 41 E.T. in Spain. 181
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Università LUISS “Guido Carli” di Roma – Universidad de Sevilla
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8. Hermeneutic issues in comparative studies. What
spaces can there be for the professional training of a
worker? 189
9. Recapitulation considerations. 198

Chapter 5
Conclusions. Rethinking labor law in the transnational enterprise
4.0. A return to the founding principles and to the rediscovery of
values: the balance compass.
1. The status quo of labor law and its complexity. 207
2. Future perspectives… the importance of returning to
the founding principles. 209
3. Labor law between past and future. 210
4. Labor law in becoming: the economic and the social
dimensions… the two sides of labor law. 213
5. Evaluation and efficaciousness of and in labor law:
values and quality. 216
6. Labor law being and having to be. 221
7. Law and tradition: the projection of values in
regulations. 225
8. The balancing of values, between the Constitution
and private collective autonomy. 229
9. The parameter of rationality and the balancing of
interests: the role of the Constitutional court. 231
10. Rationality and tables of values, polycentrism and
transnationality. 233

Bibliography 238
List of abbreviations 274

Tesi di dottorato di Stefano Bini, soggetta a Copyright ©
Università LUISS “Guido Carli” di Roma – Universidad de Sevilla
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