La semantica. Introduzione alla scienza del significato

490 Pages·1966·9.34 MB·Italian

by  Stephen Ullmann

StepheUnl lmanèn naton el1 91a4 B udapesotv,e s iè �
laureaitnol ingumeo dernen el1 93T6r.as feritosi �
successivameinntI en ghiltehrar cao,n seguinteol1 94i9lN
dottoraitnol etteprree sslo' UniverdsiiG tlàa sgow;
13
attualmernitceo plraec atteddriaF i'lolRoogmiaan znae lla
OxforUdn iversiHtay i.n segnanteol 1 96a4l l'Università
diT aranteo n el1 96a5l l'UnivedrisA intnà A rbor.
È direttodreel lrai vis"t Aar chiviuLmi nguisti,c um
membrod elc omitatdoi rettdiiv" o F rencSht udie,s e
delc onsiglcioon sultidvi"o RomanceP hilolo"· gOyl tre
all ibrcoh eq uip resentia(mo1 96l2es )u ep rincipali
operes ono:" Wordsa ndt heiUrs e, (195"1T)he;
PrincipolfeS se manti,c s(1 951") Pr;é cidse sémantique
francsaei, (1 95:2 « )St ylien t heF rencNho vel" (1 957);
" Thel magei nt heM odernF rencNho vel" (1 960);
" Languagaend Styl,e ( 1 96.4 )
Las emantidceav ee sseroeg gii ntesnao nc omeu na
disciplpianrat icolea aruet onombae,n scìo meu ns ettore
su cuic onvergognloii nteresdsiti u ttqeu ellsec ienze
(logicpas,i cologtieao,r idae llcao municazione,
sociologliian,g uisteiccca.,c) h er ivolgolnaop ropria
attenziaolnp er oblemdae ls ignificdaat qou;il 'esigenza
cheo gnundai q uestsec ienzfeo rmucloin c hiareas attezza
lap roprisap,e cifica definizione edpeils temologica
concetsttoe ssdoi " s ignifi"c·a Qtuoe stov olume,
ormaic lassiicnom ateriian,t endrei spondere
a talee sigenzfao,r nenduon 'ampiea d ocumentata
esposiziodneeim etodic hec aratterizlz'ainnot ervento
delllai nguistnieclals ot udidoe is ignifitcraatsim essi
dallcao municaziuomnaen a.
L'Autohrae i ntespor esentairneq uest'opera
un'applicazione deemipf iornidcaam entteio riecsip osti
precedentemenneties uoi" PrincipolfeS se manti,c s e
quindfio rniariel ettosrpie,c ialei nsotniu, nu tilset rumento
dia cquisizitoencen icdae im etodlii nguisdt'iacnia lisi
semanticTau.t tiip untdii v istmae todologviecnig ono
puntualmendties cuses i largameensteem plifiicnau tni
equilibrsaftoor zo taeds aos similaar uen 'impostazione
strutturael ifsutnaz ionalii rsitsau ltaa ctuii è pervenuta
las cienzlai nguistNiocna m.a ncanot uttavsiuag gestivi
spuntsiu ip ossibsivliil updpeil lsot rutturalismo semantico.
PrezLz.6o . 000
[5.660]

STEPHUELN
LMANN
Las etnantica
Introdaulzslicaoi nedene zslai gnificato
ILM ULINO
Titoloor iginSaleem:a nAtniI cnst:r odluoct hteSi coine nocfMe e a­
tziOnxfgo,r Bda,s iB!l ackw&c lMlo tLtt d1.9,6 T2r.a duzidio Annen a
Baccarani Lcu igRio siello.
Copryigth© 196b2yB asBilla ckw&e lMlo ttL tdC.o pyri©g h1t 966
by Societeàd itriilMc uel inBoo,l ogna.
CL 27-0865·5
INTRODUZIONE
ALLD'IEZONIEI TALIANA

Las emtainmcoad erna
ef oeprdaiS tepUhlelnm ann
Las emanèst tiacdtaira e cednetfei nuinttaia p ica
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scideinf zrao n(tbioeurrnya» d)1 ia ,nq uains tuoco oin fi­
nim etodolsofguimicanzin o ona ep partave andreoin­ ti
minsic ie,na tuitfoincoimcaamreantttdeea pr riozpzrait i
meteod daip ropsrpieec iffiincadhlirei i tcàe rpcuaò. Si
dicrhece u ltureaslèsma aelc n etnedt iru onc amdpio
intesruce usciso in vevragroeinseop ersiceiniezcneht ei f
chpeu,pr a rtdeadn idvoie prostteee osrisi iicn bceo,n trano
interdiscsiutplel rirdneeanlrolm 'edanecntioae nl tiesniu ti
concectutlultaieul,mri oa,te iccv.ti,r, a sdmaelcslosami u ­
nicalziinognueIip lsr toibcdleael.dml eaaf indie«z lsi io­ne
gnif»i tcoactcoa d aiv nifcgailtanitmo ib d iict oim peten­
zad elflial oesi onpf airat,i dceolslleaamr ieeo d teilclaa
logdieclpals,ai colosgoicai,od ledoltegleliaolad ra,ei lal a
comunieci anzfidioennleel a lcionngsuiaidnsectrhiaect aa,
nesiu oi lelgasa tmiile ic csooltnnaci rcialt eitctae raria.
Quansdpioa rdlisae mtainscèiac onpseavdoiul sia re
unt ermdiipn eesr ée pimsotleogiceqaumieevnd otice o
conseggeuneencrzhiaec or,i pceehrsi seedree, specificato
neslu soi gniofpiecraaottl oi' vaoud,se illli'oa ggettivazio­
neo i rli ferailpm reencctioosn otm eestotolodo gdiecloi ­
mitaongtnseii ngaoplpor osccciieonN teilfli'caom.b ito
1B .M alrnbeNregw, T rendisn L inguistSitcosc,k holm-1Lu9n6d4, ,
p.1 27.
LuiRgois iello
VIII
diu ntae ogreinae dreasile egM noir 2r difesi niilss ìc­e
gnifdiisc eamtiaocni atnr elaozpipoonseaiq tuiedvlial i
pragmeas tiinctaTa asltseri i.p avriteianzseis oudnnaet a
Car3n cahpde i stiit nrgceua emd pi'in vestrieglaaz­ione
tiavliml aat esreigana si eccao dnetdira ge r addiai s ­tra
ziocnheee s rsaip epnrte:asl napo ragmcaotmipcrae nde
los tuddeilloi nguaggidoi rient itrloa pccpooomnrp toor ­
tamednetploa rllaasn etmeca;an a tsitdraaguels ii con­
credtelili ngueac gognisoii dlrea rpap orlet'sop rtersa­
sioen esi u o«di e si»g;nl aas tiant iamspsluiin ct'aeu ­l
riore adsa«tid r easzii»gpo nenapretr ae nidne rceo nside­
raziloern eel afzoiromneaisl iist treiant teir mini del­
le'spreIsnsq iuoensceot.no t leosgteios c eom ioèl ogico
possviebdiielmrepe l icaiftfaemireclmnoa tnteco re etltao­
ziodnia«s lieg ni»fc,ih rceia ttrooi vnti uatumtnoma' p aia
zondae l pecnotsneimeproor( aARn..e L oi ndtehs­mi
A.L .S traSuoscPsisa,yl c hNoelwoY goyr1,k9 ,5 p6., 54:
«i sli gnièuf nir caaptpnooo runt'n oe,s s»e;SnK .z. La a n­
gePrh,i loisnao N pehwKy e yC,a mbrMiad.sg1s,e49 ,2 ,
p5.5: « ils igninfoèinu c naqatu taoàl m,ia fuunnaz diio ne
unt erm»i;cn .eeei )c nt,u utnttaar addiiz islotinunedg iu i­
stcihcheia c omaes cenldace onnzcae dzeisloe ngdeni o
Fd.e S ausesc uhree gfiiuancn oog nec ieslpe igrcneoo m e
unfau nzicoincoeoè,m u en rae ladz'itioennred ipendenza
trdau feu ntiilpv iia,dn eocl o nteeni ult op iano del­
le'spre(sLsH.ij oenlemP srloelve,gt oom Tehane aoo rfy
Langgeut,ari .n. gM,la di1s9o6npY,p, 4. 7 )-S.9u questa
lindeiia m postsacizo ilolanoneccl haade e fincihzei one
l'Ullhmada antno sidgin i»fi inctaetnodc eonmdeo lo
«
« una rerceilpartzorincaooa nm eees encshole,ri e nde
capdaice iv ocvaircsein delv'oullmlne'tn a»rt (oehT e
2 Cb.M orrSiesg,n lii,n guaeg cgoimop ortamterin.tt Mo.,i, l ano,
196p3.,2 1 0.
3R .C arnIanpt,r odutcotS ieomna ntCiacmsb,r i(dMgaes 1s9.5)9,,
pp.8 -11.
StepUhlelanmn nel as emanmloidcear na
IX
PrincoifSp elnmetasi Gclsa,s gow-1O92x5,pf9 .o7r 0d;,
svie daan cihpler esveonltuaepm e.9 6 ).E siqsutien di
unsort etlteog atmreap einlsf iielrooes l oofgimicoco­o
derenl oca o ncesztiruournateeflt uen zidoenlllaail neg ua
consiidslei rganrief ipcicauot mioed ennotni ficantesi
od
coclo ntecnountcoed tetiu alslieeng gnubiie snctsoiimc ei ,
unrae la(zofi uonnzeti roanp eii)adl ne ol l'eslpirne­ssione
guiseqt uiecdlael lsolo as tcaonnzcae ttuale.
FerdindaeSn adu esd sa'ulrtprarat ep iaecvnoeanv ­a
sapevcohlleeso zt zudade siieo g nnopinu eòs sreirset retto
aslo lo sacmibieicndtoteo il fla lmiaan ngczuoiin sctei­ca,
pivlai nlgauc iosmutensi ectapt aorrtei dciuo nslaca ireen ­
za genesreagllnasei e ,md ieoicl hoaegs iuvaao, l staa­
rebrbiee nnterlsalftaeda ri ca o mpedteelpnlszaia c ologia
sociLaasl eem.i oill cougpiii ao,nn ieeslre ec socloor so
fui fli lopsroafgom aamteirsiCtc.aa PnSeo.i erbcbeie,l
suo dait tnoau sfcfiincteia1la 9 l2ce3o l nap ubblica­
ziodneel flaimbTorhsMoeoe anoifMn ega ndiiOn ggd en
eR ichaehr ada sv;us tvoi lsupoprpaot itnAu mtetroi ca
peirn fldueeclno zmap ortaemp eenortp iesrmao preva­
lentedmeMelon rtreci hnsee, ll i bSriogL nasn,g uaangde
Beha(vNieoYwro r1k9,)4 n 6eh ad atof ournmau lazione
riogsoEars.sè sa at tpao iitn egdraaCt aar ncaopms,e' è
visnteols,lt oud deisioe gcnoim e edlice omneonstcie nza
logeir caaz isotnuacdloieno,d aolfti tdnoee lc loas truzio­
ned im odedlill iin gusacgigeinSote icfoiqncudoeo.s to
indipreirztzlaon'n aatlsoie smii ohlaoa gcaicnctaol noa to
studdeilloi ngucaogmgucinhoee , riinmvaleon'cgeeg et­
top rincdin'pdiaalgdeiem nlee t oadnoa lciasrtatati tceor is
delslcaud oiOl xaf oirlqdu ,a sliae p plaipcpaua nltloo
sutdidoe lslteur ruleto tgidcedhlie s cqourostoi diano.
InA merdi'coaanl dtlerosu tdipos ico-sdoecii ologico
signsiefgirnceialctaaiilt liav ic omquunoitcihadazi iaonnae
trovialt sosv uioln ueplcplooasu tziidotin emu onv imen­
toed iu nm etoddeon ominatgoe necrhahela e ,
semantica