La religione impura. La riforma di Giuliano imperatore

188 Pages·2010·2.118 MB·Italian

by  Giorgio Scrofani

GioSrcgrioof ani
Lar eligione
•
Im ura
p
Pa ide ia
GiorgSicor ofaèn dio ttodrier icericnDa i sciplfiilnoel ogilcihneg,u isti­
chee storicchlea ssipcrhees sloaS cuolNao rmalSeu periodriPe i saI.
suosit udvie rtopnroe valentemseunlgt ieu daisdmioe tàe llenisitli ca,
cristianedseilmlooer igien lial orion terazcioonnle a r eligione greco­
romana.
Sen onc 'eèp occah en onp ensdii d overlsiib erdairq eu alche
malep,e rG iuliaInmop eratopraes,s aatlol sat orcioam ea po­
statqau,e stmoa leè ilc ristianeRsiicmoos.t rueilnp daos sato
recendtieR omam edianlteec ategodriip eu roe impur-or e­
raggdieol ltar adizieobnrea i-c,aG iuliano duenlais nteoar ia
did ecadennzeal lqau alae s uod irseir iveillva o ltaou tentico
delc ristianeSsiiaim lpo e.r doncoo ncescsoolb attessiimiaol
culto dei martirfiin oa m cohsetp ruanntiooc ristisaisn oin o
spinstuil lsat raddeal l'impuer nietlàlp,au rificazdieolnle' im­
persot ap erG iuliainlco o mpitdoic uiè station vestdiatgol i
dei.e llsot uddiioG iorgSicor ofsaini il luspterrqa u alvii lea
noziodniep urirtiàt uaedl iep urezmzoar alaeg isicnaG iulia­
noi nf unziodniue n 'idencthiert eàs iasltleca o mbattività cri­
stiaanlal soc opdoi m anteneirnev iolqauteal clhae p erl 'impe­
ratonreeè l'essesntzeas ls'ae:l lenSiusq muoe.s ttoe rresnuol,
possesdseol l'erdeedigi rteàc siic, o nfrontano cer niosnt iani
cristiani.
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GiorgSicor ofani
Lar eligiiomnpeu ra
Lar iforma
diG iuliaInmop eratore
PaideEidai trice
Tuttidi i rsiotnrtsioie rvati
© PaidEediiat rBircees2,c0 i10a
Indidcevelo lume
9 Introduzione
Capito1l o
13C omEer aecD lieo niso:
lmai sspiouinrfiec adterlilcre'a itmopree
3 1R.e peu rificatore:
1
iclo mpdietsloo vrano ferG ai uTleimainsot io
22 2.E mpieei tmàp unreiClot nàt Erora clio:
lsac omeordeadd iiC toàsn ttaino
36 3G·i ulpiuarnciaofit ore
Capito2l o
43 L'apodsiCt aotssainat ino
43 1L.'c aqucahl ea ivp ae ccati
54 2. Culto isdoelnartroiemt aàen a
66 3L.a d ifespau rdeeezllzllaae nica
Capito3l o
76 Purificraiztiuomanolere a llelae e:t atT eeroad oro
ei plr ogdeirti tfoo sramcae rdotale
76 1L.ap uredzeszlaa c erdote
nellleet< t<aepsrteo driGa iluil»i ano
86 Chipeasgaa ecn hai cersias tiana:
2.
purepzazgaae pn uar ezza cristiana
913 G·i uleil apanu or edziRz oam a
Capito4l o
100 L'ereddeLile tviàt ico:
ellgeinuied,c e rtiii sanneCilo ntrigo a liil e
100 1L.ad uplaipcoes dteagisa ilai lei
108 Len ordmpieu rdietgiài ued ceiri i stiani
2.
181 3L·e n ordmipe u rdietgiài udeeil lee ngil i
7
Capito5l o
I 3 LIa r eliigmipounirecla u :ld temoia rteii blra it tesimo
I 3 III .m morailmiptueàrb ,ia ttàt esimo
I40 2. Iclr isticaonmecesu ilmtoom odretlel a
ed ecia daveri
I49 3·L indeice o nfilnnaeo :r maftuinveadr iGa riiual iano
Conclusione
I5 6I pla ssdaiRto om eai plr esdeiCnr ties to
fra epi umrpou ro
I6IC ronoldoeglvilieaatd ae lolpeed riGei uliano
I 6B i5b liografia
I8 3 Inddiecpiea scsiit ati
Introduzione
«Celssasu ip erstsipizo inofignnaeae ,l f loal dleisiaa crifi­
c>i( >oCdT.he o.rd 6,,r2Co)o.nq uepsatreo ulnee d,i dtetlo
34a1t triabC uoisttoai nmzpoo nleacv eas sadzeisioa n­e
cricfircuie enc toin luinn guuasgagtiooa gfiilnnioi d zii
quesle ceoslcol usiavdiaa mnednneitlf ela alr seal idgeioin e
cristlciio anndia,n cnoamveeas presdsisi uopneer stizione
ef olSleibab.ie dlne ec rneotsnoa nclifiasn see c dueltitr ia ­
dizioeln asa ulaaip plicvaazriiodanarse es gei aor neeg io­
nei,r appdoirf toirt zraca r isetn ioacnnr ii ssteiir aannio
ormianiv eIrg tiiotdriiDn. ii o cleazpipaanroil voanntoa ni.
Rimaustnoia cuog udsotpolo a modriCt oes ta(n3z o
novem3b6r,rFe )l aCvliaou Gdiiuol idaineaodv ev aiu on a
profornidfao promlai atmimcian,i setr realtiidgveialo ­sa
l'impLeu'rlot.id mios cenddiqe unetCleo stantino che,
primtor a imgpleir aatvoeravica,c etitblaa ttot eisni mo
Cristo,c h«sesia t parbiisilts ìee mrpol cio,n dsuic essero
vittaigmaleli t eas rriie staiucrlua lsdtseoegd le>ii( >Amm.
Mar2e2.2, )5.. Dopo ivslea nntgt'uoaern nnaasi vc ao rre­
res ugalnit iaclhtia ri.
La'ttsoa criofisctaelgedg,ai ciar tios etc ioanndia nnato
dam olitnit elleeltltèeua nasils,iu t ratnott roa a ngtliic hi
quanttroiam oderaen mib lesmtae dseslorl eas tauratio
promodsasG iau liead neol« lugae r>ri an>dectotnati rlo
cristiaEngelcsoiim mpoit.av nadt iqi u esia crriififceir,i sce
Ammia«ncoh,sec i r edcehvseaef osrsiet ornactaom ­dalla
pagcnoan tipr apr stair ebsbpearroi tibi u ot>(iu 52>t4,t,i
1)7I.sl a criènfi ecli om ondo arnetliicfgooi nolds'aoa­ tto
mentnaolanec ,a slo' unpircodavil a e aalltslàto a rtioc hie­
staaic risdtuiraanlniept eer secuAzcicoannaqit u.oe sta
9
mansiaa cricfiocmas'ltèea ,dt eafi ndiatlafl,oe ne tmie rge
una speptatroi miemnptoir tdaenlt ep eend seilelr'oa zione
polidtiGi icual ilapanu or:ri ittàu oavlveel,rac o o ndizio­
nepr elimeii nnadries pepnespraa britleeca ilcp ualrteo .
Èa ttraivllei rnsgou daeglpgluiaro i ficaiznifoantet,i , che
l'uopmaos saaltloa stolr'iuali tmcipomemore ap taograe­
nol,p' oastcaotnac,e ipclio smcpeci hteo èsg tlaiat fofi da­
tod agdleeiii s lu sot eusfsfioci imop erCioassladie e .v ien ­
tendpeer«rep uriefi»?Nc eagrsltiu adnit ropoesl toog­ici
rico-rlei'lmipguirèodi setifià niintt ear mgiennie croa­li
meu na macchifias,i ocis onp isreicnthsuseoai l ea,t tacca
al'lindiivmipdeudoe nddieo ngtlriianc r oen tatitsloa ­con
croo ,la ulo sgaoc rreon denidnoaldoaa ltsltvooo lgimento
derli tuTaallceeo. n taminpauzeòis oscneaeru es daaft uan ­
ziocnoir podraue neca,o ldpaau ,n a madlaaltlt'iian,f ra­
ziodnide e etrminnaotreme ie n g enedraselu peramento
decio nfisntia btirlla'i utmiea i nlo diLvapi unroi.fi cazio­
ne lè't taroi tudairl iem oziaottnrea,mv eezrmzsaiot eriali
(acqfuuao,c o, oss apnigruiet)u ali (ccoolnpfee,ss ione delle
mortificaczoino uncneuu )oi,m oou nl uovgioe lnieb e­
ratdoal lm'piurài.Nt1o n essendo( nlpéeo gsistitbiimloe)
distinsgeumepirrnee mnoedtott raoam birtiot uema ol­e
raleq,u eissntt ou ditileo r m«ipnuer e>z czèoa n>siderato
intercacmobqniu aeblil«loep uidtr>iàg, >e neralumsean­te
ton egsltiub diib ilnis ceins stor ettamente rituale.
Sommameinmtpeup reoGr i ulièna antou railclmr ein­te
stianelsa«i mmaoc,cd heilal 'a>t( e-riijsc;m oa>.SXE"Y)­O't""YJ't"Oç
Àtcc;h)ae c audseasl o stedgiCn oos tanhtai noori mna­i
fetttauttlotm' opi erQou.e st'aricvceuussnrta ue o plroe ­
ponderafnrtaem mnseeunipt eir dsetClio tnitig r aol ei lei
scio ncrenteriliz fizudaat op arctrei sddteeiilan lnoeir ma­
tilveev ietd ieclphlreea tpiucrhiefi cealtloernIiinqec u hee­.
stsat eospsearl a',i mpesrtaatboirlei csocnen eusnsai one,
pridvipa r ecendeeltnlrtaai d iczliaosntserii aclc ua l,gt roe -
I Peurn 'introcdoumzpilodenirte ia,f eribmiebnltiior girmaafinacdlio­,
lapr emedsiGs .aC amporaeS aallea d20i0n4ro, s .
IO
coeq ueelblroa aicccoo,m udnaalctloian divdiesmiie o­ne
desiamtit i (rfi7r2t.)uA .alllp ieu rificsaoznidooe ndii cate
un'ampsieaz idoendlei scAollraMs oa drdeeg dleeiip ar­
ted ellleat taTe eroad o(rEop89 ).n ,o ncahléc purnoiv ve­
dimelnetgii s(laadt CieovsdTi..he o.9d, 71,.5 )
Inn essaulntc roon tempotraaalsnepe eoet mteorc goen
tanptrae pondeQruaaènll z 'aio.gr idniqe u esptrae occu­
pazirointeui anlnea lazs aitnat esdie clso tmepsaisftafio ­
dataoli lm'per?aP teorrcleh'éi mpduerciir tiàs otcicaun­i
pa puons ctoois mìp orteai nnct hmeeo, d iol pduivn it­o
sta grecov-irefonameta ctnoooi ncciodqneu reel gliou ­
dai?cC ohes ignibfiicsanotaigo,n fiantet,r inbeuclio rnl­e
tesdtecoio nfilnittetrir deellis geico?os lqiAou esdtoe­
IV
mandcee rchdeirr iòs ponnedleplraeeg icnhseee guono.
Irle gdniGo i ulièua nndooe pie riodin omteep igi lùi o
studdiealtli' anPteqiruc ehsrittaaàg .in oonne s isc oiff er­
mersàu lsluneeo tibziioeg ranfiéc thseein tdeidr eàl inea­
reu nq uadgreon edreallsleuaa az iopnoel i1tA ilccaui.nn e­
formazeimoenrig ernaecnlon rods eol mliaaa n alisi. Nel­
l'imposdsipi rboicleiidtnoeà rr deic nreo nolcoogniscio­,
derati inlo nsc iasrtaetmtdaeestriuie ocs ioc reil t'rtcaio
dit empeos tremabmreenivtncee u s ici o ncreann(tos ono
stactoim posti qnuecalos rids eot3l6 u 2th)to,ir itenuto
opporatrutnioc omlaatrecero imlasea e gnueepl:r icmao­
pitoloa nvaelrirlzàamz iastsaip ounrei ficcahteerm iecre­
ged alLleat taTe emrias etd iaColo ntErr aod nieol; secon­
dol c'causa di impaCu orsittaàn etar iisin uvoood ili t­a
scendeel an'ftfiae zrimodneel l'elqlueanpliaest mroi mo­
nio sacdreove esc shpeerr ees edravlaplteaosc trei stiana;
itle rczaop istaodrleàod iaclanltoeor mrei guarldpaau n­ti
rezpzrae vpiesirts aa cerndeogutlliit; di umceia piat oli,
partdiarlel 'daenClao ltnirisgo ia lisailf efir,o lnqatu eer­à
stidoenlmelp 'uirriittàud eacilr ei srteilaantii vasa am­ente
criefiscpii aen toorrmdiei etenteqiluc ahreat blo a,t tesimo
ea çlu ldteomi a rtiqruii nnUtenola . s pecthtpeou òe sse­
l Unap resentraezcieoenf ntoeen dsaut ab asii nRs ooslezionod 6e.
I I
rea nticsiipdnao' troac hèqe u esptoal idtei'lcilam puro,
impliacnicntheael olpee crhete o cciaclnr oi stiadnie simo
rifloep semsroo t,ic viir costsaiinn zaisapnlreiigs,slc cire i t­
tcio mpoasdAt nit ioaclhliaa dveilgslipale idaip zeiro­ne
sia(niapn r imlou oigC oe seal rali e ttaeT eroad oer o)
raggilup'niagcneee C lo ntigr aol iNelpier ii.mm eis i tra­
scoarC sois tantlieni onpiozlidiaiG t iiuvleip aanrov ero
isaptiaerl pliaaù p erttoal leUrnaanv zoalt.a lelgai ttimata
supao siz(ieorsnate a ptroo claamuagtuods atu onp ro­
nunciammielnittolia 'mrpee)r,am taonriefc ehsitaòr amen­
teis lu por ogeptotloie tliicmoi:on a alrmeec,no on tenere,
gli edfefleltat irp eolliicgtoiisoctsaaa n tiniana.
Pelra comdpelflee snsoimteàn oè r tirsautiltmtapatotoso s ibile
proceaddue nr'ea ntaelrimsiin porleolgiicmsaie nbabirelen :e
greccoon otsecramp irneipc eidrse is crlicavo enrdei rziitounae­
ldei p utrài/imepl uenr oiztidàoip n uoir/ impaulratosr,si umo­
nou ncao nnotraiztiauos anelece o ncdoan tdeeer slit coh iedo­
noq uiunn'dain caalpsieoscr ia so.
Leo pedriGe i ulsioanncooi tsaetceo ln'deod izione Bidez­
CumoRnotc-hePfeoirCrl ot n.tir g oal ilheosi e guiintvqoeu ceel ­
lcau rdaaEt .aM asara(cRcohm1ia9a 9 0).
Peibr r apnrii nceispaammliiins a otnaiov vadlesltolrd aeu zio­
nii taliane disnpooinnn idbiieclsaipt;ro e lsasldaadm oevntee ,
traduzmiioPane.ner o anèp peslalane ttitqruuere acs,rt iot erio
noèna dotptealrtte or adupziibùor neiivn is enretilet set o.