La divergenza nella rivoluzione. Filosofia, scienza e teologia in Russia (1920-1940)

278 Pages·2016·3.472 MB·Italian

by  Silvano Tagliagambe, Giulia Rispoli

SAGGI
64
Filosofia
SilvaTnaog liagambe
GiulRiisap oli
Lad ivergneenllzaRa i voluzione
Filosofia,e t secoileoingnRzi uaas sia
(1920-1940)
E DITRICE
LA SCUOLA
Inc poernti:a LEsiltzs kiyI,usll ttiroatno" Forvo "ti hcVlabyeed i mMiaryk aovsky
La clloanaèp ereerv iewed
Id irdiitt rtaid udzimi eomnoer,i zezlazeitotndreiro inpircoade,du iaz diaotntea ­
menttooto ap larzei acloqenu, sa ilmaseiz (zcoo mipm riiec Hslrmo,s) noor eirvsati per
tuitP taiie .s
Le ftoocopepurios pe e sornadlelele tptosoosrneeos s reeee ffttunaetlieii mtdei1l 5 %
dic iasvcoul/nuaf msecidcipo elroi doideiptcarogo a maelnSlAtIaEod eclo mpsoe n
prsetvdoia' lra.lt c6o8m,4m ie 5l,e g2dg2aee pl rl1ia49l ,1ne 6. 3 3.
Lef tooocpeieffet tpuaefitrne a ldiict aàr aptortefessiroaenl en,o meoic ccooo ­m
mercoic aolmeue n qpuuoesd rie svrod aq ueplesloron aplosoeso ne ssreeee ffttuate
as geuidtiso p fieccaaiu tzoarziirzoinlead sac iCaLetEda,CAi eRnLtircoe eAn uz­e
tozraiozznipiel rRe i prodEudziitooCnroioir d asiPl oir,Rto am ann.1a 80 2,0 122
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Introduzione
«Tuttlaac ultpuureòas sietnreer pretata
comle' iavtidtteoàlr lg'ia znzazidoenlselp oaz il o»
Percahbéb iasmcoed litp ooe ri rne piagflreaf ar sdeiF lorecnhsek ij
stabiulnisast creec totrar eltazrilaoac n uel teul r'gaona rizzazidoenlel o
spazei oq usailgfienca itpoo ssiaatmbtoure iio rggaqi u esatffae rmoaznie?
Percchoémv,ee drenmecolo rdseotl e sFtlioeo,n sckiojn sildpaea r­a
roluan 'enatnifitbcàih ave,i veoe p enrea'ln iltercapterdiaiml no en do
esteerl n'novui erisnot erdienoior sest trapits ii cEhsiscèdai u .n que lo
strwnefnontdoa mendtia lceo stdreulszlpioazo iinnoet ermterqdau ieo­
stdiu aem biednitviiee, rp sropriqou epssetvroo lugndeae ciesi imv­a
presciaznidoindbeiim leed iazitordnaiee ssiinv, i rdteùlq luaa plueò
essceornees riadlat'naa ldoicg iocò h ieng eomeètl isr'iòoatrop l,a linea
dic ollegatmrdeaun petu on nteill sop aziionc uliad isteaqnuzai av ale
zerIopl.r onaurnlecap i aropluapò e rtaenstspoea rrea gonuanct oon ­a
tatdtecolo noscceocnnit còeh dee v' ceosnsoesrcneie isultòloo'trop s:e p­
pusre palr'nauotd ia alllt'nreols lpoaz isori,i veulnaintoi .
Quesctaar attdeerlilsat ispceiaas rtoealnladcl eua l tcuornas iderata
neslu coo mplecshèseio rl,i sudletplar tooc edsiis not roideezliloan e
realcthàce ic ircocnhddeaa a, m bieinntteao nrnodoii vernetaladent ­à
trod in oQiue.s ptroo greisnsciovrop orèla camo ennsteog dueeflnta tzao
l.AF olrkiej,nL sosaz pitoi tltm pO ntllt'ata cr,ur ad iN .M ilseArd,e lMpihlia,n o
1995p,.5 1.
5
Introduzione
chle' oumog,i aàl tlt'ioanc uvii eanlme o nd,no onp uò e"ssspearee­
sat,no o"n puòa ppnaornt aeu nneosr pea znioonp,u òev itdaicr oen ­
freisreen asq ou esstpoa tzrioaors mfandionll uoo,c g aordiisc iog naitfiic
simbco.iN loina c aso sotdgaeg sit asnedmopm raeg giionrtee riels se
modedlelloMl ean tees tieqslua a,afl feer mcah meo lptrio cceosgsnii tivi,
chlee gittipmoasmsedonintromes e in tisa,eil s tenadldo iln dàoe cio n­
finnio ns oldoec le rov,me laal nchec odrepelso o,n loo caalbiinzlezil ­
l'ambfiiseinects oeo ciiancl ueli ' goarnismo Qauegsitmsooc dee.èl l o
staptroo poesdet ffioc acemdeenstcerd iat tGor egoryi nuB naat eson
coenrfendzatali tFoorlom a,a nszado,ifs rfetentzae,n uit9lag ennaio
1790p eirdl i cnioaevnsiAnmnou aKlo rzyMbesmlcoir nieaqllu ,a le egli
davlaas eguentea lrdlioasm pnaodsa«t:Cha e c osian tepned"rom ia"
menet?«»aL:m entien divièid mumalaen emnatn eo,ns olnoec lo rpo;
esèsia m maneanntceih nce a neam leis saegsgtiea rlcn oir peo è;vu i n a
pivùa smtean tdiec ulima e ntieni dvidèus aollueons ottosi[.s ]t ema.
. .
Lap sicoflruoedgiiaan dai lhaait clao tnoc edtimt eon vtee rls'toi enrno,
finaoi ncluldi'enrtvseiir sot deicm oam unicaalzilin'otnedere cnloo r po
(lcao mponneenoutvree gievtqaau,te llaab idteuledll iv'ana esg,ta am ma
depir ocienscsoin. C sicòci h)set doi cednidlola amt ean tvee rls­'oe
stneor2»I.n e strseimnati melos die llo deelsltaae ffsemare cmnhatie e
processi meesnetmdapieli li a bsoorncaooz giinoviinatne c oartpeado ir­
stribIuclih steia g.n ifica:
-chneo sno licole rlvome,ala ncihcleo repl om' baiecnotoep erano
alr agugnigimednentioo s fitnrciio gnitivi;
-chcei èòo tteniunut nmo o dcoo sfllu iedi on tercodnaon reis­so
ginaunru en iflcuos csaou sianltee gnreacltu aoim, b i(tepo e grl sic opi
sciendteli'lnfiaacilisd iec lo mptoarmenlteuo s)u dailsit idnizi ino­ni
terendeo s teprenrod oognnou it ieldie tffiàc acia.
Possiqaumidoind irchele am entseei s teanldd ile àd ecio nfini del
crnaioep ,e rmesat rluatfi tsuidrceaacl o repq ou efilsliaec c au lturale
dealmlb'i eensttee rno.
2G .B atesrmoans,,tr uFatteo u rdiffierInend ,zaV. ,erso u n'ecodelollagiam entAed,e l­
phi, 1M79i6lp,ap4 n.7o 9 0-.4 8
6
Itnroduzione
Quesptrao spèer tatdiivcaaa llmteenratngeaal ptipi rvtoarc acdii zio­
naldie fillolsao dfieamll ean ltqaeu anleesll,uem e o ltveepirlosirnciiid, u ce
lqau esdteilorlnezaeli a omneen te-aclrolerzalpi aoom neetne -cleor,v el
identilfi'caincndotorec prouoonn ap sanuesa,ip au riem pdoir ptrain­za
marieal ,pa s iccohlnema e nItslee .n dsio questo mutamento di pro­
spetèst tibavteacon o letdeo s prdesaGs arog acnhsieo, t tlonale icneeas sità
dic ominac« ipsareaenilr m ee ntiatnle er mdiui nndaivi edrsispao sinzei,o
diu ndai spossiinztidooinun inedac i as,p ossoilziidorarneiels atziicoa­,
nalPear.a golnmaare en ntoetn a nat oun prooccceucslhsateovvo e i ne
denltsarc oa toldai c icarsaecnp uiencnaosi anrvieeml ce en tcaolmee
una't meorcsahfc eci i racc ohned poanscshtieoa cm,cco ao crsoeìmn ee lle
varfasiide iu ngai orsnpiar toavm aonmoe dnipt eis anept oedizis za o l­
lieQvusoet.èala meenq,tu eèsi tmloe a nletu,nc otneesu tnoso azp icoh e
condiaimvo3 i»d
•
La nosmternaètd eu nqiunec a(renomadbt)iase, od rvodlalaslnied ­o
tuazipoantio lnoogpniu cnòho seni tsnuiealo slr ap ziionu, ns op ecifico
cont(emesbteodde)e d dèe st(eexstade ).nF deardee clulali trlui rsau ltato
declo ntpirnoucdoeii s nstor oiezionees dtseeirlgnlno'pi eafirmc­bai ente
tandticorh eiem l o npdeon ro i èun nod nad tciou pir enadtetcrohe e e
dobbilaitmmaroiac r ia ppreisunnea sn utsaau rpepr oesaatluatt ào noma,
benusnpì or gectthoee l abocrrieaasmnpoda oz i.
Nonac als'oo itpessisi t acaeffh rem asnedmoepp rinùe almlb'i to
delnleeu rosècc hifeaerl npezr ei midsissicmrei moipnearzaitoen id alla
coscvisiei naqznuaoe c lhlheea nnoo gpgeeicrtlo t roQp uoe.sd ties cri­
minazmieodnidiaas,t t er eud tettlru orcnecroe rbarpaplree,ls oe ntano
stadtecolo repl soeu reez liaocnolin' ambiinetneetdree ns ot seurlnloa
badsise e gmnualltii cmhoiedn aclliu dono prcoopmrpioonceentttii ve,
cinestetichee,d esslio smntaeetrmovaa-o ussteoon nsQooumretoisa.a li
coscpireitnmizaciv oar pcohrseei a c,po unòs iudnpe rroatrforeo-n sié­,
scgela isd soim inapa anrttiiq rueav ledira reial nanboiro ircastouirc d­i
cessivis ebgadnsaamallot ini d cosi,udo aiènl o snéC .is òi gncihfiec a
ancporrid melali anggguègi iopà r esented eacllollsa'c ipinretine-zran o
3A G..G arangiL,' ozzargzainnoieco ndiCovmisuiancz.ai oinnev.e neztiicGoaun.ee ­.
rien Asisc oiaMtiil,an19 o94, p p.7 -17(2ci olir vèson ostor.)
7
Introduzione
mariuan sop anzeiuobr aaslsaeuct loo r ep or elactaitvevogi osalrsliueet e,
chceo nseln'tiomnmoa gdiiun nasazc ieCononalne.c ' qauisdiezli one
liunaggeg iplooa s sdidibi islcirtuiànmp iansears eafu ttou srpioo ,t rà
un
sviluupnsp déai rsec riemn ionmaibnicalhbfeeira eàl mee,r vgievari ea
lcao scdieies nszceaor sec ciieloncaèto es,c diioe rndzsiaun pee riore.
Lo svilduiup npmaoe nctiedo,eè lc lapaa dcpiir toàdr uarprper esen­
tazsiuosncie dteits iscbeoirlcletoi emi em magviineiinqn,eu emsotdoo
consiidrlei rsaudtleotl calatapo a pcriotgàr,e sasciqvuadimaseginlttiae
orngiasdmaiid ,a tctoarcnsr ie sscuecncate ese svaoem nbtiiei nmtparlei­
vedipbeiirgll e in oDmaams.ai aode, s emippiozotac,i h azel blaads ie
queisntcor edmiae dIl:atitolt viaistb ilàaca o strduiiz mimoandgeei ln i
coripfunon zicoindoeiiè,m madgeiclno irc phroei spalolan'md bei ente
estern(aaemdse enmtupesi aoun ndar ot oei) n tern(armeegnoltloea ndo
stadtevoii s)cS.eei cr lei rvesèlie l voo liupntr oil muoop geaors sriacrue
lsao vpvriavdeenclzo ara plol,qo uraanc doom parcveervrdeool tldaiit i
menetsecs oim inccioainr"l op noor amcle onrtpEe,oa s" u.ao v svoi,
petru telslaoa rrpaev vidvecelon rzcpaool np a i gùr aenffidcea pcoisas i­
billnaea ,t suèiri am baituntn usato al umzoilotnoe rpaoptpernetsee:n ­
tairmleo ndeos teirntn eor mdiimn oid ificcahzeeis posrnooi v noecla
corcpioro,aè p prels'eanmtbmaioredeni tfielcr eaa npdpor ieosnein tparzi­
morddiecalol riop govn oil cthsaehi au niane traztirooarn gea nei smo
ambie«nLant aer.r aszeinpozanarec o hlpeer opsobina gssoua configu­
raznieouncriha deli iv enitmamnaogel i ienm im,a sgoinlnsoait evsas­a
luftnoad ameunttiiazllzpaeet rda e lsac rdiezlli'o ncoehgc ega eultsata o
cosciIpelun nztao.i mppioùnè ac nhlteiee m macghiceno is tituiscono
lsat oriian csoaortnnpeeoflo l ur sdsepoie nsLei iemrmia.ng eillnnaai r ­
razdieocllnoaes cienzcao moflemu birsec oainlniolsm eim eamdgeei ln­i
l'goegtatlqo u asltea fnronnoe nudnio n voloenn otrnai rcihoi esto
commePnetro .t aolrmlnetaara efd oer"lafi lnmec le rveslolnioom" ­,
magini cdehnetri ofls u tmNaoonv nnsi oo nsop ettatio»r4i. estern
Duqnuem elnant oeènn ellam aèt u enst'taiancs,zhsa emi a neisfta
nelrlezalai otnrea ambieemn otnedi one tsetrreeirlonarocze his,eoi n e
estriinnis moepl cruao sgootf troomd aii mmagdeiclno irc phore i -
4A .RD.a maEsmiooiz,oe nc eo scAidepenhlza,Mi, i la1n99o9p .2. 0 .8
8
Introduzione
sponaldlreae alcthàle oc irceoi nncd uèaii mmeeral slmoeo difica­
ziocnheies psrao vnoecslaulo aar gzanzaiizoinnet eec rhnneae,a ll m'b ito
dqiu est'ruellgacto,oi mmseèaid , e tltsoot ,ad teolc loem poincneu nit i
sair tiDcaqo uleais.mt mea pgriinmio trrdoaireali ilga i npeca hraseo­ la
sumpeo i,s èic odmeiertl ut oodl,iiso ò ptrooo ntolcohcgeoi encrfoi sce
conectrealzlzlaai naue nat ,e mdpiso e parea zcdioiola nlmeneeo tgt,r a
monidon teem ronnode os telrdenàs o o,s tea nczoarl ptaor soasirftmàa,
viai snvp iaaiz nitoe rtmrieda du piero o ntiadsgeotrlliea ol anEzemi.e rge
coess lsi v iluunpp aepsaa iggineotr ons,i mbeoc luilctocu hroealvv ei,a ­
menrties deenltle' idmepplar eosneatsgatg eiacro un siodi ,e v olalne­o
tezriaodneilr laep przeisopenrniit maodredclio alrip o,p eprrcohpér io
liem mnaigli,re appresenteaq zuiedolisnl esie t eicsnhsitecloe e rrn­e
velcloos trnuemlio smceeni tnco uè ii nteatn rtaoc lcmeia aprdpeee l
supoa esiagngtiesoro inoor esb uacimsa baitamee ncthhiea nno luogo
neclo rep onc eeerllv mleod esdiumroal n'etirena tzfiisoicncoeianc l o n­
tesamtboi enLto«al seuga.r ddaldo ifu ordie»l loe sstperarizndiooo t to
allsao vliiaso npee,r ceizneitroepntzreai,o rnaep,p ressetinr taa­zione
sofrmcao asq lu,e lsitvope ileùll oe dvicat oon svoalpeeiznsz iam,b iosi,
ipna rtzeicoiincnpeoa ,oe lvuziiqnou neel,l 'asdsiruse npzoinosnaeb ilità
chdee rdiavlpali aec noas cciheneno èzanp osstiibrfuiaolrrdesaiq i u ello
chfeca ciaacmcoa cdoelnrna eo asp trresee nnlzaoe s atzrieno enaliml ­'
bieinnctu evi i viamo.
Pecro mprednadvveeerpr eio e nalmaf'eefnrztmieao din Fel or,e nskij
secolnqadu oal« uet tltcaau lptuueòrs as ienrteee tracptoramt e' attività
deolrlg'a zniiodznezelsa lpoa» zb,ii osodgunnaqfr au eer riifmaeq nuteo­
stiap odteelsli' imdip poostgseiirub nialgllceiaort neào sdcemelon nzdao
esternleo'l asbeondrzaae zlvileo'rniusenno ti ee dreei" lofi rlctrreoa, t ivo"
costdiat ueaisttstoor ,aiq lvu ealres onp eascseas saorgimnaoimd ean­te
litràm daeri a fpopresdeenamltblai'ze ialndio t funeoe r dini oi Q.ue sta
ipoetmeesnries,la l 'SUonviiodenetpeiir cidame ic edneNnloi ev cento,
ao pedreals ltoeF slsoor eed nalist kdriuipje e nsdaettoerrimn ienlalnat i
sueal aborena ezslius oovun ipelp Boo,g daeVn eorvn ahdas rkiptjoa,t o
quetsrateui t aos rvii lulip'dpdeaea"rl fie l ctrreoa, t eianv uoc"lleea rne
carattearr iisctoislctfehror emu,eeil rmeeo dalaitttàr alqveue alriisl o
paeseasgtgveiiroen vnoie ap iveiegas a utboo radi isntaantzoe , esigenze,
9
Inotdruzione
aspireav zaliodorelniln'i viu erisnot ecrhipeor roeifu,eo trdtiisa éa ,d
esemipsliu dooe, s iddiie nrfiineodi ict oon tie"n rueigilgteeà" " r ein­
terap,"alr lelatu dciqeu essutbooi solgson poa,iz cniu oèi" get.t ato"
Seo gpgois sdiiacrmoeoPn, e tSelro tecrh«denui apj rke,m deescsia­
sicvoan snieasllct'ce e cthtleaa r es tuoormidoae bedbseaslc elor'me p resa
comiedl r amsmial ednezsliuc oors eosa pzrai5ea», c cetctoapnni deon a
.c onpseavolteuztztiaem pllei cdaiuz nai'ffeo rnmia zcioodsnelen d sia
conteec nouistmlip egnlasodt iei vavenac ,alh le' oppieornai deir istica
quetsrtei ieni itnzeirapturoenprt eiin sidilniea rrmogi asd uirvae rgente
rispalelt'otodoro tsdsoimai nante.
Quesltiobr raoc cqounetssatt oalr sait aod,riq i uae sto pensiero di­
verglesant toedr,ei lnala as ecd ietelall a'b orsaezmipporirneùie ce c a
dettadgiql uiea"stfitalo t dreolm"lo ede i ficdaezlsilpooane zisi toe rno
chceo stitiurlii sscudolentlsoaalu ct aoo s treua zziioLononfe ear .i co­
struleveni dcoee ln oedp ee drice o laoc rusoidi e ve l'edlia borazione
questo ep fieilsn ios tmitaeri rolobic u hsetl iel gtiar lnaooe r c ohf ena no
dello dreos tisntoo irunlina aarp gaarc toem ucnoems,eni a rqrudaii
seguito.
5 SP.l oteNrosnda iimjaokn ,cs otrasa atiti/ .vSaa ggi do poH eideggeBr,o mpiManii­,
lan2o00 1p,.1 5 2.
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