Kwacha — Angola. No. 4. June 1970

12 Pages·1970·2.905 MB·English

by  coll.

71
KWACHA ANGOLA
U.N.I.T.A. INFORMATION BULLETIN
LONDON, ENGLAND
72
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--NATI ONA L UNI GN FOR TOTAL !NOE PENO E NCE DF ANGOLA
-uNITA Infor~ation Bu11~tin
==========================
JUNE 1970
CONTENTS
1 •••••••••• ~··•••• U.N~I.T.A. Four yeras after
rt-
2 •.• •-• ~ -P·a 1 fc a 1 n d IYl i 1 i t~ r.y O a v e-
e .-••••••• e • • ?!
1opmRnt of tho arma d struggle
i n A n g o 1 et --., -
3.~······••••••~•• News Bu11etin from·Home Front
.For Further Information write or contacta,
Addressl 25 Roa d
Ospring~
L O NO O N, N • W • 5.
Eng1and
Te l ephone s. 01-48.5 3075
-,_
74
'
U. N.I.TQA. FOUR YEARS AFTER
(N~t iDna l I_ot<:~l ;~,~s
UNIT.A Union f r r-· ___ I[lô_€í'[J'8n-de.ncP of An-qol<J.) .... born
in the-~~~t - ~f b~ttl~ -i~side Angol a , or March 25th 196~. ThP. loca-
lity W!3.s !Yluangai, sma11 tm~Jn". :J bo~u·t 300 miles f~rom th.R .... l .a.mbi::1n biJr-
dt:Jr. P. ..r : .. :l.o.:r:. to .cr.eatioFI -o·f U·Nif·A·----~·-ron:o·-pCír-íod·-·õ-r--ã[i~ouA tr-1- politica l
education was carri~d out a mon q thP pnopl e livino mAinly in thP. A r~as
whose terra i n would be used as a the Atre for guerrilla activity. The
pl~ce
political mobilization of tho masses took durinq 1964/65/66
i n the Provinces of Lunda r:Moxico• and Cug ndo-Cub~ngo.
~ . . ' . . :. .
The :first military attack the Portuquese colon!Alists by UNITA
Ofi
took place a t makafumA in thR E ~ s t e r n ~~rt of Anqol a in Aoril 1966.
But thR;·firstnotoriuos atfack on thP. Portuguese-sol d iers wa s on
1
25th December 1966. This historical d:Jt e was onR more Mark that the
people of Angol a have e rected a t Te ixeir a de Souza with their own
b lood. The attack of Teixeira d e Souzn corresponded to a strateoy
of tha t moment to prevent the Portuguesa colonialists in builrling
to w~rds
up two more military bases p? r allel to Teixeira de Souza the
Governor-GenP.r~ l
border of Angola a nd Congo. After the attack, the of
Angol a , Rebocho Vaz went pP.rsonally to inspect the number of Portuguesa
colonial forces who were put of combat. The president of Portugal,
Ye~r 1 s
Americo de Ueus Toma z in his New message to the NatiDn s aidt
"There are i n nur days memnr!3ble dates in
bllQ
our Nat ion~ --on8 i s t.he 15th March, 1961 tJ.Jhich
we learn tb forg~t and thR other is the 25th
DecP.mber, 1966 which we just experienced. ''
UI~ITA,
FollovJing the attack of 25th De c Bmbgr 1966, :the :RJresidPnt of
Dr. Jona s S3vimbi, together ·uJith ·the ·politica i '-'nd milibny cadre s
of the party met inside Arrgola to rliscus s the implicatinns of s uc h an
strug~le.
attack and to sum up experiences of the It was durinq this
F_or~_es
conf e r en-ce tha t FALA (Armed for Li.b.P.r.a.t:ipn. :of An(_Jola), the mi-
litaryr L\JiiTg a'f' UNITA wa s c-r9""It'ed .--FALA i s compnsed of soldier s who :::>re "
politic::dly concinus men qnd ...L .IJh'ose function i s to serve the pef"'ple.
cre ~ted bec~use' throu~h th~t
FALA was practic e UNITA h8s learnt the
~aa inst
Krmy and the people a r g the founda t ion of fina l victory Por-
tuguase
colonialism~
t~en Lib~ration
Sin6é the· e ver cnntested E?sterh Front of the of
Angola wa s creAted i n l966/67o The cl~ims Qf MPLA about the Eastern
Front a r g totally unfounded 4nd f alse. Urb8no Carrasco, the Portu-
th~
auese colnnia l reportar of newsoaoer, Diario Popula r 21/7/1970
stated ''Q•• ~s I s a i d e~rlier , it was in 1966 thRt we rqai s t a r e d the
be~inning terroris~ ~nanla
of activities in East ern duo. tn the ini-
ti'1tive of UNITA. "
we~k ~ ~nd
How UNITA ha s developed from a to stronq durRble polit i c a l
movem~nt
insidn AngolR? Ls Monde of February 11th 1970 pointed out
guerrill~ h~d
tha t when UNITA bBgAn opPr ations in 1966, it only ll
fightP.rs v.Jith on"'l mAchinP. gun, tlJJo rifle s ? nd boliJS anrl Arrov,!s. __ NotAJ
h~s th~~ ~, DGO wPll-tr ~ ihod
its militqry org .niza t ion, FALA, more
d isciplinr~d -=~nd
guerrill R fightr-ns t•lho 'lr e hiahly C"lp'?bl"l of not
b att~ llion
only destroying bridges a nd highw'lys but qlso of conductinq
scAle~ F~om
- sized C"1mpaigns on a relRtively l qrge a scatte red, we8k ,
sm~ll or.g~ niz~tion
UNITA developP.d into a stronq and well d isciplinf"'d
forc~ of oolitic~ lly conscious mr n , boc,use thn gu"rrill~ oo~rRt ions
o ~rty ~~thods
and tho. lt:Jadership of the hqv e bP.e n guideo by scientific
of apprqising concrete situations r e lating to thn strugqle, quioRd
by thP nrincioles of democr tic crntr4lism, a n d capqble of analjzing
~
situ...,tions corr"ctly l"lnrl comprPhnnsiv""'liêrising from thC! r'"''"'lity th8t
insid~
prev ,ils thn country. The guerrilla movnmPnt h1s bnen built
b~.sis altiJ"'~YS n-=~tu­
on oolitic·'l h aving thA politics in coiT'm""nd <=>nr
r1
rli~ l~ctic~ l nroc~ss
r Rlly the supoort of thn oo.opl e . This is tha of
75
,.
the devei.opment of th~ struggle develo~ing from lowe r to ·highe r
st?ges, meeting difficulties, hardships, misunderstandings , r egression
but alwRys making tow?rds final victory.'
some~imes; h80dw~y
In 1967 the activities of UNITA sprea·d to the provinces of Ma l anje
EH e thr oug!T-a hard and long pr oce ss of mobiliza t ion of the 'pe.o ple •
The Portuguesa colonialists denounced UNITA activitie s in their local
and nationa l press. The Semariario ~- Noticias •. the Portuguesa News-
pape r . of 1967 from Luanda wrotea " ... .; a special train is ready for·
us -four packe d to c a pacity with well trained young
c~mpartments
pe opie, 'who by the next mo r ning w oul d hs v e l a une hed a n a t t a c k a ga inst
the ene.my• an enemy who always avoids c asua l contact."·· It was also
~n 1967 tha t the UNITA commandoes blew up the Bengue l a Railway-Tan-
ganyika Concession-s- n-ot with intentions of harminq the economy of
Zambia which is using the for export of coppe r through. the Lobito
li~e
port in Angola , because the Portuguesa soldiers continously have
~ut
been utilising the s arne . line for military reasons. The' line gives acces
to the Portuguesa soldiers to Centra l and East Angola hwe r e the y have
been bombirig ou r pe ople , . destr oy ing e nt ir e v i .lla ges, c o-ope r al'ivÀs,
cropst-and their domestic Rnimals.
annihil~e
The An-gola n lib:\3ration strugg1e is a n integra l part of the struggle
for the tota l . libBration of Africa u~der colonialism and neo-colonla-
lism. And also, the Angola n struggle is part of the anti-imperialist
struggle thrdught the world. The r efore , solidarity among pRople s
of the oppressed nations is -forge d through their
concr~te str~ggles.
Thi$ is the only genuine internationalism. This is why, the president
of UNITA left An-gola to go abroa d not on-ly to expalin oui Africiah
brothers our difficulties, successes, f ailures, but also
problems~
to t ell othe r oppressed people tha t in Angola UNITA is anothe r anti-
-imperialist front fighting through armed struggle Portuguesa colo-
nialism by the Internationa l monopoly capitalism. Each
supp~rted
libe r ation movement in Southorn each movRment .against neo-co-
Africa~
lonialism in Africa and around the world must fight in the most
correct and uncompromising wa y in their own concre t a strug~l~s~ This
is the best and most efficient holp tha t all anti-imperialist move-
ments c a n give to each other.
ey .the end of 1967 the activities of UNITA c aused pariic not only t6
the Portugue s a colonialists, to,the monopoly capitalists in Angola,
but also to other two Angola n groups (MPLA, GRAE) who intende d to
hold the hegemony of Angola n n ationalism. This. ha s been proved to
~e a wishful thirrkingf ••• However, MPLA f ailing continously in Cabinda
and meeting difficulties .in .Congo(B'razza) the leadership decide d to
transfe r the exile d headqua t ers to Rnothe r exile -Zambia .and Da r
with sight s ot towards the Eastern pRrt of Angola, whe r e UNITA has
been op_er ating since 1966. Since then, the East ern Front ha s become
a conteste d areR and a the8tre of military ambushes of mPLA a gainst
UNITA. UNITA sevc r a l times brought to the attention of the Liberation
Committee of the OAU such s hameful counter-T8VolutionRry activi-
~nd
tie s of MPLA which gets support from the Committee . It is a n illusion
to be l i e ve thq, t mo r e ma t e r ia 1 aid, more wea pons ,gi v e n to one gr oup
would end the colonia l wa r by crashing otMe r groups. The Libe r ation
Committee of the OAU c a n and must stop assi sting a . libe r ation Move -
ment tha t i s using its weapons against<th8 Angolans. This is nonsense .
. .
The year 1968 WRS the most ··r evolutio nary peri .od· of UNITA. A new zone
.was-ope ne d in district a nd the people .ar e supporting tre mendous
~uambo
UNITA. The headaua ters and the Centra l Committee after the successful
entrance of the president and S?cre t ary ge neral into Angola•wer e
firmly est ablishe d inside Angola, since June 1968. Since then, Dr.
JONAS MALHEIRD SAVImai HAS BEEN THE ONLY LEADER TODAY DF A LIBERATION
MOVEIYlENT IN
76
ANGOLA to lR~d the strugg l c from ins ide. This act of comra d n Savimb~
is not o'nly more r'-"Volutionary, but 3.lso morE" effr)ctivo· for t.he
struggl e ,· more honRst Rnd more corrsct. The ·reAl libo r qtion th~t
tAiill mq ke the colonize d An_gol::tn 21. ''Net!J11 J\ngol,n m'-ln h"'~s to come from
in,side by v1agin9, 21 pDoplr.1s war , relying on thr-'l crer"'tive pollJP.r of
the· pgople , pursuing th~ policy of sglf-r9li3nce , qnrl Bdopt corrnct
t~ctics ~ nd stratAgy 8q~ isnt the RnG~y. Th~ strugql e l 8 d from 8Xile d
he:::.~dqu8ters i s v ery d~ngerous , bec~uso i t will brRod thR seRds of
corruption, l ack of initi~tive , intern~tions l intrigu Ps '4nd inevitB-
bly logding ths country q nd peop1A to, nRo-coloni~ list situ:::.~tion. •
.. A joÚrn·list ·for the Tim8 s of Z::tmbia , vJho visitRd UNITfl ~rRAS for
f o u r, w r::1 e k s wr o t e l n S e p t o m b q r 11 t h - 1 2 t h 1 9 6 9 I " t h A b i q g n s t d :::.~ n g 8 r
: 'thr: PortuguHsB now f Ac A is from thq cindRr Rlla of frne~om movemcnt,
discounte d by th~ world, recoi~ing .not one scrq p of s~pport from
any n~üion or int-cn nn.tion"'l1 AgPncy :~ncl 'llmos t Rntr!rc.11y unpublicisP.d •
Jon~s
..T hR move mRnt is UNITA hs8ded by 38- yenr-ol d Dr. Savimbi • • ;(Bnd
b ~ continuod) ••• t~e i~ck oF support hq s bnRn thc k~y to UNITA's
success.'' The s~ccesses of UNITA q r e due pr~cisely to th~ ·policy of
S3lf- r~liqnc8 , ~nd r'l l~inq on the crn8tivg powe r of thc pnopl8 .
I n . rn a r c h 1 9 6 9 a f t 8 r 21. s u c c 8 s s f u 1 o p 8 r"" t i o n c A J_ 18 d 1f 8"" i 1 rJ 1f t h P. c o mm iii. n-
" dQ~s of UNJTA onco ~gqin so iz~d ~ considn r~ble numb~ r bf.NATO waa~
pons from the Partugue s n co1oni3 l so1diers, ~~d dozBns bf o nAmy tioops
wor " put out of n.ction. And m"'~ny solrlirJrs. from th'' coloni:=1l army
dc-3s ertc•d thcCJ, J?ortugunsr:1 '1nd jninn d UNITA. lNutinr1P.S in thr~ Portugue -
se b~rr~cks h~ve b3e n frR6uent. Thn Portuoues ~~ soldiArs oftRn r ~­
f used t .o fight in thg bus h ~gRinst tho UNÍTA fartos. In M~ y 17th
.. 1969 tho city of Lus~ r~qch~rl tho point of standstill. The Portu-
guesP. cou1d n-ot lo::~.vr; qnd "1nté'r thR city for f '?VI dqys. Thn UNIH1
t'IC-
t i v i ti ~-3 s. r r:P c h rJ d t h n p ,, "' k i n t h q t . ".r n q • I t is w a s d u r i n q t h i s p 1'1 r i o El
tha t ·thR n e w zone of Huilq was creqtod by thA UNITA forcns. And
be c q use of th~: int8nsity of thn n~tion ~ lsits qnd ot hr r Ango1Bn p~triots ,
th9 Portugunse co1oni~1ists WPr e compnlln d to invitA thnir South
Africa n cnuntnrp'1rts to mount a joint offnnsiV() ~ qn isht thn UNI TA
forces. A tromBndous c ~mpq ign of PortuquPs" prop'""g"'nd"l .'Q'linst· UNIT A
w'1s set up in th~ vill::~.gAs , towns, citio s through postRrs ~ nd p"'m-
P h l n't s -D n G o f t h 8 p os t r: r s T o 2\ d : 11 Du (N)I sHcl onof iu oR , r As nv ip..,s rn ''H a -tt nr odp a~ nf. Ru m"i 1 ln doi ~ o, s
b 2 n di dOS 'l p_, r,., C r-3 r q m 11 r I I h·!'\ t m C:J'"l n S
UNITA w~nts to sopAr.,t~ you from
· 'y o u r f mi 1 y , I n f o r m t h r t r· o o p s h e n
C\ 1 VJ
thr: comn .
b""n~its
Holllf1V~;r, thr~ most import'"'nt histnric"'~ l ''JV<:nt in l9n9 IAI:::.IS thP Second
Congr~ss of UNIT~. This h ~ ld in thn hn~rt of ~ngol'l , ~ hundrnd
W'lS
·milns 'lW~ y from thn Zqmbi~ n bord8r. Thn congrnss w~s ~ tnndnd by 80
·d~l 'g8tns from 21s t ~gust to 30th ~ugust 1969. Thc dnlpg~tas cqmo
from diffe rnnt -p ~rts of thn country. DF•l~g ~ t ~ s comin0 from tb~ qr~y,
·?nd from thn loc"ll committr.HJS of thr~ libnr-,t··Hi ~ro:=ts . Thn "'Ç)'lrtdA
b r i n f l y . VI E\ s c o nê cm t r .., t :J d o n t h e p o 1 i t i c " 1 ~ n d mi 1 i t"' r y situ "'l t i o n
ins i dP thn cnuntry, tho division of r1nqol·1n n:-Jtion'llffism, th, politi-
.. c • l situ'"'~tion· Ôr •v::>ilinq in ~1fric" tmdAy '4nc1 th" intr•rn:::~tion~ l situq -
t ion in rnl-~tion to thco strugql'' of th.· oppressr:'r1 r-Jc•orlrJs. A nei\J
c n n t r 1 c o mm i t t,r.,; n ' "'\ n d p o 1 i t b o r r; ·-u l v r: r [1 ' 1 l r 1 c t r; d , n c1 t h C' p r ')s i d r: n t
w ~ s r n-n 1 c t n d ·• T h n c o n q r s s h., s t ~, k F! n r n s o 1 u t i o n s o n t h r~ i n t r n""' l
ínJ ? (·J r-o
n d Xt l m~ t t s • T h p ') r t y c ') ll rJ d o n t h rl ., 1 :~ q ~ t n s t o i n t r' n s i f y
t1 h'' "r '~rm E:H d o:-truqql 'ol i,' to v1Co) r k h:::1rdr:r, to b•· unir't nci, "1n0 to pror s r v nr P in
thr; lib •r..,tion struÇJq l-:.
.I n D, I , c.., m b rcu 1 9 6 9 ,• A. s 8 r if• s o f mi l i t ' r y o o ., r"' U o n s "' g ~ i n s t t .h,, Por t u-
gu8se took p1~cq . UNITA v nry d~Gpl~ rgqr'lt thro dqqth of COLLINS
LUCIANO, deputy leader for Soci3 l Aff~irs t'lnd Popula r Education. He
was killed in Luso while sccomplishing a n import8nt 21.nrl delica t e
mission of urbq n orq3nization. UNITA promised to a v Pnge him in 1970.
77
Th~
We • r • now ln th• 1970's, r evolutionory situotion in the
conditio~.
world over is ln excellent The opprossed pnoplo all
ovonr~ olora .o risi~n9o vuopl ctoinod nt3 roy k • arms ond confront impori•lism. ln
A the situRtion is •lso dovoloninq in dopth.
lhe presidnnt of .UNITA 'n • r nc ont spoech insid• Angola said· una-
quivoc>llY' Wo • • " movinq into ··mor o dongnrous.phAso of·struggle
At présent wn • r'' fighting in thiw.. ~''c ountnside; we. iJr • tninq to
cont'rol tho countrysido , but nw a r • qoing to movo towardS sabo-
bg•J so t 'h• t •ll ,forms of communic3lüin' will .b• sover•d·,,. ( ond
he w,wt on 's Rying);. ,1967 wa s • s t arting point for a bigger movo
to libor • t•1 this country. ln l9TP w•· shall sne soffi·• of our wishos
fulfiiled~ 11
--·-···
UNIT~
The formatlon of four yoars ago • •rkod a grea t qualitativo
leop ln th• Angolab libe r atioh struggle . The UNITA Centr• l Committee
r ocently issue d ,a f .ightirfg call to the Party cadres and to the
people. ás a UJholn. to make thn 1970's • dnc'ldn of Liber ation.
The 'p eople ,' tho Party ond the armed forces hovo responded posi tively
~esolutoly.
and So the first months of 1970 ho v• soen encouraging
amned~ bvéircst(oProirutousg ure se•s ults. Dn the ·6th Jonuary • atmrbuuschk e~f ull of Pide ·
Intellig•nc• Palie• ) was by UNITA patriots .
Four 'Of thevam fuwe•rb le ~Olimipelid taorutY A~ ccuomn•sindte•rt•iobln '' amount of weopons, equip-
ment, and were seized. Do 13th Jan.
anothe r truck full of Portugue s • ibiaiors ond Palie• wes •mbushod.
th~ ~is
The l eader of foca l palie• wqs killod. namn is Bo l armino
Roê.ho do Paiva Nci. 3402/G/6579. Th•is .fascist wes r esponsiblo for the
dnoth of our brother COLLINS LUCikND, momb• r o~fi s UNITA c nntra l Commi-
\;ee ki lled ln Dec nmGer 1969 Whil" p•.•r forming r Avol ution• ry dut i os
of underground work in tho Luso 3r eq •
libo~ ation thr~ugh
. 970 w!ll see tho gennralization of tho war Angola .
**************%%%%%%%%%**·****.*****-)(·*
-NEWS BULLETIN OF THE ARMED FORCES IN ANGOLA -
Tho ops r ation• l comma-nd• i of UN.ITA in a r ec ent "'a r tommuniaue issue d
th~ ~rmcd Foi~~s
on April (F4~tLhA ) 1970 s t a t e d thot far ib• rotion of
Angol • milit•~Y ore dot ormin• d to mok• 1970 a t~·u rning point in th•
wchhoolo~e nst situation ln Angola . So for, s aid, the bost ond
·tTfn;sporter. of itrms · ond ammwnitlo.n to UNITA h•• b<,en the
nn'lmyo
from FebruorY 10th to march 25th 1970, th• FALA fnrcos h•v• score d
tho following victoriest.
sol~i•r•
1) A group of 5o Portugueso w•s •mbujhed n••r Lungu-
-Bwnqu rivor. Rs • r osult, 15 Portugu•se s6ldi•rs wor•
wipéd out nnc1 consido'rabln. w•r mntori • .l l'•ized.
W%,
2) ln the \uso are• , 2 trucks full of socuritY for c os (Pali-
S~guranc• ~ubl.ca )
ei• do wer• •mbushod. All tho 12 occu-
~ere killn~ ~nd
.pqnfs thqir guns s nized.
San~•ndo , th~
3) ln ÚNITA column no. 3 put out of action
l5" p~ppe t
troops. 13 riflos(Mauzor), •nO lO h•nd gr•n•des
wern cqptur~d by UNITA p~ triotso
~ontr•l
4) Dnn of UNITA zonas w·s •ttack• d by 60 solrlinrs.
~~1 ~ ~rntRndina
Thn fightgrs to run qwny from thn enemy,
pRn~tr8 te
mqde the enemy to into UNITA milit,ry r.c1mp.
Suddenly the y were caught up by heavy fire from UNITA
forcAs. The lieutnent commnnder Coutinho was l eft dend
'l
:
78
-5-
in the camp. 11 of t~em were killed qnd S8VRral wounded. Arms,
~fricans
ammunition arid equipment wRre s eized. mqny in the Por-
tug•ese army. h a v n t a ke n this opportunity te join our forcPs wiht
their guns, uniforms Rnd docum8nts e
5) In Cuando-Cubqngo, the Portuguesa 0nd the Boers from South
Afrfca ~r e hRviQg _R h~rd time . Thr r e c ent publication Notici~s
of ebru3ry 28th 1970 qpe~ly admitted thRt the Portuguesa ~re
incapable to. cape up·'with the milit"'~:i:'Y 1nd politic~ l situ"'!tion
in Angol0 . And also the-Noticia§ r eport exposes the sell out
imperi1list journalists who a r e trying their best through f alse
in ·An~ol~ ~~d
r eports. to build up unpopula r m6ve mants sl"nrlerinq
UNITA, UNITA is in Cuando-Cubqnqo and there UNITA shall remain.
When mqrcelo Caet anot thR South Africians suggest the ailiance
~e under~tand gam~.
between UNITA and SWAPO their imperialist
~nd
It is to find a pre text to send joint troops (Portuga l South
UNITA~
Africa ) into Angola and to fight So f ar, 'UNITA does not
~h3tsoRver, ~nd
have·any qlliance we do nbt indulqe -in such fu-
~ight
ti1ities.· Each lib8tation movRment in Southerri Africa. must
correc~ way.i~side
the most and. radica l its own .country. This is
the best ~o1idarity 1ibe r ation 0ove ments in SbutherD Af~ica c a n
give to each other. However, UNITA is-ready and shall be p1eas e d
~~y ~frica n
to render anY s etvice tó genuine 1ibe r ation'fflove -
Force~
ment which be1ives in the Saizure of owe r by Arme d
6) From 20th to 25th Marrih 19?0, our Region no. i was ·under:heavy
borri·bing· from dawn to dust. ln 29th !Ylarch 1970., 6 planes suppor-
te'd' by 4 ,bomtTers, have dropped poisoning g3z on 13 co-ope r á -
tive farms. All the crops were tot811y destroye d and most of
domestic animals died. UNITA very v ehBment1y d enounce and con-
Portuq~es~
demn this f qscist 0nd destructive methodi use d by the
colonialists. · .
UNITA will hªve no a1ternative but to move a stgp foward to
A
Ped~1e 1 ~ ~ar
TOTAL WAR, lonq:live the e ve r invincibls .•
(Signet} b-y. ~fperational Co~mqnde r ) ,
********#########******** -.
THE POLITICAL ANO MILITAR~ DEVELOPmENT DF THE STRUGGLE ..!.
r!:·l
.' ,.
Angol~
Sines 1968,. the dimentions of the 1ibe rntion strugg l e inside
· ha ve.'grouJn 3.nd de velopGd consida r nbly.-Wha t i s , then, the po1iti-
c a l ~nd .mi1itaBy s·ituqtion?
Politi~al t~o ~ontrol
lhe Situatiorr• The Rreas under of
UNITA ha ve grown steadily ~in both
size and quality.of orqanization
since UN·ITA's first Co~gress a t
!Yluangqi, in !Ylarch 1966, and our
first Rtttack on thA Portugúese co1o-
niR1ists forces a t !Yladafuma bn the
,E'"l.st ern Front in Apri1 1966. UNITA
now has Five Districts· undor its con-
trol. These a r e a moxico, Cuando-Cu-~
bango·, Bi~ , Lunda and Mq lqnj e . Very
recontly UNITA opAried the sixth Zone ,
"tha t of HUILA~ '
...
79
-6 ...
Irr thn. -=~r~;"'~s of IYloxico, Cu"'nra-Cub,ngo, Bi'l, Lunrl"'l ..,no IY1.,1.,.mj'~ UNITf1
h~s f~irly sett1~ d popul,tions, i.o . 1ittln ar no intnrf~rRnC P from
thn co1oniq1fst forcn s , rsp~c i"'1ly in Moxico ~no Cu~ nda-Cub~ngo whnr8
the situ~tion is now st.,bi1izr d . In thosn fivn distr.icts thn p -op1r
c
"' r ' ~ b 1 t o c u l t i v"' t '' t h n i r f i ~ 1 s , b u i 1 d t h i r h o m s "' n d r is n
"1 r n 'l
t h n i r . f...., mi 1 i \-J s w i t h Q u t f c:--. r • T h., on 1 y p r'' c'"' u t í o n s n ;, c'' s s-=~ r y ~r n v r:· r y
o1nmnnt~ry, _consisting of r ~ gu1 ~r vi11'""~ q~ contr~113rl ~iliti"' pqtro1s
in th~ n nighbourhood, ch~cki~g p~ ths of thn ~nPmy, ~te, Por ~ny signs
of ~nnmy_ "'ctivity qnd th~t of bwi1~ing hom~s in sm~11 sc~tt~rnd groups
in th'l for•>st to '"'Void r:Jnr:Jmy' ~·iT obs·:orv.,tion •
It h~s bnGn UNITA s b n1iq f from thn ~.,r1inr d"'lys th~ t thn thnory qno
1
pr~cticR of S~1f-rn 1i,nce must .,1w"ys bn onn of thr knystan~s to our
succnssfu1ly concluding thn 1ib~r~ tion strugg1 r for our mothnr1~nrl. To
put this. po1icy into rffgct wn h~ v n ~pp1i~d : oursg1ves rlilignnt1y. This
qpp1ic.,tion is now r nf1nctl d in oUr org~ nizqtion!1 structwre in the
•.
libor~t r d ~tn.,s ,..,.
How is thr~ org--:nizqtion....,l structuro in thr 1ibnr'lt'<rl 'lrr"'s? In summ<ny,
it is th'< fo11owing z '=~t th~ 1ow8st 1 nV'l1 h, v ~ thn vil1~qns with
WP 9
ch....,irmq n ~nd committne, s1~ct~ d by th~ir f n11ow vi11?gnrs. ThD func-
t i on o f t h~· v i11-=~ g n ~s to impl'~m,..; nt t h'' dr· c is i ons of t h<' nr<xt highe r
'lUthority, th0 branch, ....,nf ~t thn sqmP time to discuss within thn vi119-
~~ -m"'lt ing, prob1nms nncount~rnd qnrl to formu1~tn suqgqstions for impro-
v omrnts. to bg discussod ! t th~ br~nch.
Thn br...,nch usu'""l1y consists of br:h.\J'F' n 4 ...,nd-5 ·vi11::' .. g.::J_s , __ "'nd beforCJ
"'lS
its ch·1irm,.,n 1nd committrir1s qr·' frw11y 1-<ctPd, C'lrrying o-üt tho UNITt', PJ1
of ~ Unit'ld Drimoor...,tic Front. Th~ br~ nch ....,1so m ..... int,ins ~nrl rngu1~r1y
tr•ins.th'· vi11'"'q n popu1....,tion "nd mi1iti; for int·rn....,1 s ncurity ciuti ...· s,
~ nd instructs th~ vil1~g~ popu1~tion on prquc~tions to b~ obs~rvRd
should thn ~r8 ~ com~ undn r n n nmy qround-~ir ~tt~ck. Thq s n ~ctiviti~ s
'lrr~ 1 : d o:ml co-ordin~t nd by ::-n· "''rmy s;rgn'""nt st;'tivni:Jd q t thn b.r"nch.
Th8 br--=~nch :1so co-orclin .... t n s th'' supply of food from th8 vi11':'1-Q'-'S to
thn zon~s. Rngu1~r rliscussions ;nrl mr:JRtinqs ~r~ c ~ntrRd upon thn im-
p1~ m~nt~tion of thn instructions from thP zonn , thr so1vinq of int~r-
n"'1 pro~1nms, contr"'dictions ~nd ~,ss inq suqgnstions to th~ zon-ns Vi"
brqnch r .n prr>s qnt'""ltivn s for improvrHn·,nt of th··--·"-X-i-s.i.i_ng_~ . ·-·o- r· g. ··q··-r,-.-·,···· m.. ·~--mr's.
At th~. zonB , thq r o i s ~ zon: comm"n~~r, F LA trooos (mi1it~ry winq
o f U N I T r\ ) , c 1 i n i c s , 1 p 1., c 'J f o r · m ··· " t i n g s 11 o n j "' n o o 11 ~ n rl i n m o r n "' d v ., n -
c ç d zon: s thnr~ ~r~ schoo1s "g'inst i1litqr1cy. Th ~ mnntinqs, qqnP-
r·l11y h·,1d n V''TY fortnight "ttnndr,d by rr:>orns...,nt"'tiV'' S from -=111
' H''
th: qssoci" trJ"d br-,nch->s. ;.1t thn s R m'''1tinqs th-~ p·-·oo1íl -.rr.> inPormr::od
"S fu11y "S possi1b1>J ~ bout thr-J d~,vn1opm;mt of th·· strugq1 n in (, ngo1'"~,
thr t.,ctics 1 n~ str"t ngy of thn Portuqun s n co1oni~ 1ists politic11ly,
nconomit~ l1y, milit'=~r~11y, ~nd on th.., m~ jor n v nnts in thr intnrn1tion~1
sph'Jr n . Thr.> dn.cisions of th·· cr-·ntr'""1 comrnittc·r1 ""r'1 ~iscuss'"'d h rorn 1nrl
pl'"'nS ·n · chr.:;cknd for [Jro·gr'SSr "'nd p1'"'lnS """r'' "180 m'ld 8 to put thPS"
1
d..,cisions. .
Thr.~ tot ~.1 t1lJmlls r of pr·opL1 undn r rdthnr UNITí, 1s inf1u-·ncn ·o.r contro1
u
i s o v r] r 1 mi 11 i o n W' o p 18 • T h n um b r o f pr1 o p 1 i n N I TA z o n s is
·! I r; R
b ntwonn 40D to 500 thoUS"'nd prlop1n .
EvDry good g ·nr:1r 1 1 knovJs th"'t ""'n ..... rmy m"'rchPs on its stom"'lch, "''nd th"lt
b'ltt1n s ::1r·1 v nry oftrln VJOn not by th•· sicJn tnith cup·•rior forCE'SJ
·r:c1
-but by thJ sid; possossing sup 'rior mar-qccur." t " inforrn"'tion.
In UNITII s C:1S'1, th") .support of thr' p ··op1'l, th··· org..,niz-=-tion of tho
1
p qop1e ~rovidRs both th· food, ..... nd th inPorm1tion.
In food procluction L\J" " r r no11J nou.,11inq th..,t ,.,hich uJqs ororlucncl in
thn prn -W'lr yn·rs* Wn ;xp'ct thr 1970 h'lrv~st to nxcnn d this consi-
d nr'lb1y. Fodd i s cu1tiv"'tr•c1 both inrliviru"l.lly '"~ nd co-opr>r"'~tiV'!11y,
"nd in m-=\ny vi11: q'1S th'~ "rmy c1n"rs thr• fi-1ds, 1.,tr'r to b.n t···ncind by
thr:1 vi1l" g 'rs. UNIT,~ c ' n st"to nL.Jit'' c-.t'lqoric"11y th,.,t thnr q is
no h u n g 'J r i n F r CJ '< 1n ,, n cl o f ~~ n g o 1 ~ , " n c1 w o ~.r~ b P. q i n n i n g to ·"r r i v r >-~ t
I p OS i t :Ü O n O f b "' i g "' b 1 r, . t O "' cl V iS g OU r O . ' O p 1.-~ O n c\ i ,., t 'l r y mq t t ., r S ,
-=~.no on "'gricu1tur"'1 improvn m:Omts, ntc.
80
.,
.
...
• T h -~ h '"J 'l1 t h s n r v i c n <' n c c d n rl i t i o n s u n cl r: r Por t u q u" s ··~ c o 1 o n i 9 1 i s m i n
Ango1~ 3r~ q bomin~b1~ . For.instq~co , up to 1966y thnr~ wnr n 338
hospit~1 s 'lnd institutions for in-p~ti~nt c'lrR provirling 5~ 700
b n d s i n t h f'J s t ~ t 8 h o s pi t ~ 1 s ' i • R • 1 • 1 b I~ d s o') r l ' o o o p '1 o p 1 (' • T h ~l
w h i t o p o pu 1"' t i o n i n A n g o 1"" i s o v ')r 2 5O • O O O ,, n d t h b ~..., c k p o pu 1 " t i o n
r .
i s o v o r 5 • 5 mi 11 i o n p ., o p 1 e • Y ou c 'l n i m ::1 g i n, ·· h o 11.1 m ~ n y 11 f r i c.., n s i n
;\ngo1A qo to hnspit- 1 ··nd h"'v:: ~· bnd! ••• UNITA is not on1y' fiqht·ing
o n mi 1 i t"' r y "'~ n d p o 1 i i·, i c ., 1 f r o n t , b u t , 1 s-o i n s o c i~ 1 f r o n t-, i n o r ri n r
to improvq thCJ m"'~t"ri..., l conrliticins of th·: pr:opl'r in th lib'Jr""t r d
3fi':J'"lS •
It i s UJ h y f o n r; o f u NI T A I s m o s t lli'':J 1 c o m '1 s fJ r v i c r·: s h ..., s b (..'! 8 n t h p h q 8. 1 t h
~ Rrvice . This is opnr~t8d from ~ 11 thn zon~ s whnr A thnr n i s ..,lw"lys
'c1inilr "~ nd "' tr::l.in~<d ord.nrly.' Thn s rnvicc) , ·ind-or-:Jd, .. i s sti11 in A
'3.
very runim~nt~ ry st~g~ rlun to th~ 1'1ck of merlicinn , nnuibm~nt, t~~ i-
n8d pnople, but UNITA h~ s m~dn a significAnt improv'"Jm~nt. ~t thn
S ocond Congrr"ss in August 1969 it w~ s d·:1cidn d to s o t up school:s· in
th~ zonas, this h9s Alraady b ~gun in ~ numbnr of zanBs 'lnrl prim3ry
rJduc"'~tion st"lrt,.:d-"lg"in in "'~ rudimnnt""rY form duo. to th·~ 12lck of
mqt~ri91s 9 p ~ pnr; m~tnri~l
books, writtinq pnncil, ink,.and othRr sthool
import~ nt c'1 l~nd~r Soco~d
ThG most d"'lt R in UNITA1s for 1969 wqs thn
Congress of UNITA • This was h qld in thF hn::J.rt of ~n~ol~ . The CDngrRsr
AttRnded by 80 d o l c<g:-1t ns coming from 8.11' p"rts of .. n.gol'1. flt
W3S
this congrnss thg prnsidnnt of UNITA, Dre JonAs M. S9vimbi w~s r n-
n l actsd ~nd q nnw cnntra1 committne "'nrl Politburn8U wqs n l nctnd
q
9nd snrvR fór four yn~rs. UNITA i s v nry proud of this historic'll
schi'W8mrJnt. · It WAS ., rn"'1 dc~mocr"'tic nssc'mbly in thr• Frool'~nrl of
mothqrl~nd. dsmonstr~t~d corrnctn~ss 1
our It to us the of UNITA s
~ppro3ch to thn struggln in ~ngo1a , ~nd h~ s furth~r stren~thngd
our r osolve to. continu~ untiringly untill tot~l vict6ry is ?chi ? vAd.
THE MILIH,RY SITU,,TIONa UNITA has grown in four Y"~rs of h"'rd
struggln frorn b:"linq :otrm8d only 111ith bov..1s
?nd '~rrows ~ nd occ8 sion~ lly ~ n-old rnuzzlo
1n::J.ding huntino guns from knoi;Jing nothing
1
o f g u ~-'r r i 11"' · t "" c t i c s i n t o ~ · t r ., i n n d f o r c n
of mn :->nd ll.lom'•n, h'3rd8nnrl by ""Ction ~ g"linst
tho. 0Portugu~ s~ coloni~ 1ists qnd its 9llins,
~rmnd LIJith th•' most adv"inC(•cJ: IIJ8"lpons, .simil"'lr
to thoso th~ Amric""ns 'lrP usinq in Vintn"lm
~ g., inst th0 Vintn'lrn~s~ pnopl~ .
UNITA h~s ln""tnt through th, struqgln th~t p~opl~ 1 s ~Ar i s thAbest
qnd most rfficiont school of l~"'rning. Th~ only w~"pons "'V"lil"lble hqd
to bR c ~pturod from thg q nomy its~lf •. ln fqct thn r n ~my is thn best
providnr "lnd tr~ ns portn r of WR'loons for our struggln. Todn y UNITA
h ~s Bo1gíum mq do FN's supp1i nd to Portuq'~ l throuqh NnTD, UNITA
h ~s G3 s ma dn nither in th~ U.S.A. or .in Portug~l itsnlf unrl~ r
.1icgncG1 from th~ u.s.A. ~ nrl ...,l s o Russi~ n subm~chinR guns sUppli8d
to MPLA through thn OAU Lib~r qtion Committ~e ( AL• C) •
To r oc oiva thn s ~ woapons dirgct1y fro,m. th'' Lib~r ~tion Commmitt~n
o 'f t h e O{\ U i s o n n t h i n g , b u t t o r D c , i v n t h r: m t h r o u g h MP U-\ w h o is
imposíng ~ fr"ltri~idn W9r on us , i s nothing short of fqrcic'~ l "nd
t r 9 g i c • I n f ~ c t , i t i s .., cl i s gr ., c A f o r "' 1 i b · 1 r ,.... t i o n M o v " rn " n t 1 i k r··
U N I T r'l t h ·'lt s t"' r t ':1 d f r o m z n r o y , · t t o eh y h" s s u c c 'P. d ';d i n 1 i b · r., t i n g
q v~st q rrJl'l. from thr) Portugu'"lsrJ coloní..,lists.
Tf ri mo n m "tl nh dn tW in stm 8 ."', gn "'d\ i fn "'VcH}n ht"'h v"' mr I Eh""" ds tt , o tt o u rd n-, fo~ un cr- 1 fo i urg h t p i no pg l f n (l ri cn r, st h'"l" r ro ru• ""n rd
-=--gqínst · th"'' :-:tt ~cks of IYlPLii. Evnry timn IIJr: do this it sln11rs rloi~Jn
considnr"'~bly -our :1dv•ncn wnstv.l'~rds . It i s 9lV1:1YS 1ith· hq"'VY
P
hearts tha t ws f ace those unp1Rasant t~sks . It i s n ng~tivn ~n~ coun-
ter-produ~ti~e . lt achivos nothing. It mattRrs not who wins
each particular confront"ltion. It i s thR imperfalists·, the coloniA-