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Kronstadt IC PATHFINDER New York London Montreal Sydney Edited by Barbara Mutnick Copyright © 1979 by Pathfinder Press All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-87348-883-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 78-65893 Manufactured in Canada First edition, 1979 Eleventh printing, 2018 Cover photo: Red Army machine-gunners firing on Kronstadt insurgents Pathfinder www.pathfinderpress.com E-mail: [email protected] Contents Map of Kronstadt 7 Editorial preface 9 Introduction, by Pierre Frank 15 V.I. Lenin A deteriorating situation, February 24, 1921 53 On party unity 55 The lessons of Kronstadt, March 8, 1921 57 Tighten up our ranks, March 9, 1921 62 Kronstadt's historical place, March 15, 1921 64 The campaign of lies, March 16, 1921 66 Appeal for proletarian solidarity, March 27, 1921 71 Class truth, April 21, 1921 76 Tactics of the Russian Communist Party, July 5, 1921 80 Leon Trotsky The revolt of ex-general Kozlovsky and the warship 'Petropavlovsk' (Government statement), March 2, 1921 85 Ultimatum, March 5, 1921 87 Comments to the foreign press, March 16, 1921 89 Kronstadt and the stock exchange, March 23, 1921 93 In honor of the heroes of Kronstadt, April 3, 1921 97 Address to revolutionary youth, July 14, 1921 99 The questions of Wendelin Thomas, July 6, 1937 101 The need for a pamphlet on Kronstadt, November 19, 1937 105 Hue and cry over Kronstadt, January 15, 1938 108 More on the suppression of Kronstadt, July 6, 1938 123 A tragic necessity, August 1940 127 Supplementary material The truth about Kronstadt, by John G. Wright IJI Exchange of views on Kronstadt, from the 'New International' I62 Glossary I87 fu~ ~ • ti THE KRONSTADT UPRISING and its suppression March 1-18, 1921 f s HQ of Northern ~ Group Konnaya Lakhta Street Fighting In Kronatadt Symbols: c;..{Li~~e~~iv~~a~l~h~v:: ~:~c~c;_8~~9~~ Army units in the first ......... {Li~=s~:tl~:ai~k r~~=~s·t~eef~:t.in second offensive, March 17-18, .,.. .... {Direction of rebels' flight from Kronstadt. .A.... . Ships held by rebels. Sites of the heaviest fighting. This map was published in Kak vooruzha/as' revoliutsiia (How the Revolution Armed Itself}, vol. 3, book 1. It was translated by George Saunders. Editorial preface Anarchists, Social Democrats, and right-wing anticommu nists make up a spectrum of opponents of Bolshevism who maintain that the Soviet government's suppression of the 1921 Kronstadt uprising is proof that Leninism spawned Stalinism. It is this charge that has focused a historical spot light on Kronstadt and turned the word itself into a favorite refrain of the anti-Bolsheviks. This book contains the most important statements on the revolt by V.I. Lenin and Leon Trotsky-the two central So viet leaders who bore political and military responsibility for suppressing the uprising. It constitutes, therefore, a definitive answer to the attacks leveled against the Bolsheviks. Before further detailing this book's contents, we re print below an account of the Kronstadt revolt, of value to the reader because of its concise, factual description of the events. The account is the major part of a long footnote on Kronstadt that appears in Trotsky's Sochineniya (Collected Works), published in the Soviet Union in 1926:* • The disturbances at Kronstadt began on February 28, 1921. On March 1, a meeting was held in Kronstadt, with 12,000- 14,000 sailors, Red Army men, and workers taking part. At tending the meeting were Comrade Kalinin, president of the All-Union Central Executive Committee [of the soviets], who * George Saunders translated the footnote from vol. 17, book 2, of Sochineniya. The note was undoubtedly prepared by the editors rather than by Trotsky himself, but it is likely that Trotsky read and approved it. 9
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