Krause and Mahan's Food & the Nutrition Care Process, 15e

1227 Pages·1992·109.445 MB·English

by  L. Kathleen Mahan MS RD CDE, Janice L Raymond MS RD CD

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2019v1.0
Dietary Reference Intakes of Energy and Protein From Birth to 18 Years of Age per Day*
Age Estimated Energy Requirement Protein (g)
Infants 0 to 3 months (89 3Weight [kg] 2 100) 1 175 kcal 9.1
4 to 6 months (89 3 Weight [kg] 2 100) 1 56 kcal 9.1
7 to 12 months (89 3 Weight [kg] 2 100) 1 22 kcal 11
13 to 36 months (89 3 Weight [kg] 2 100) 1 20 kcal 13
Boys 3 to 8 years 88.5 2 (61.9 3 Age [yr] 1 PA 3 (26.7 3 Weight [kg] 1 903 3 Height [m]) 1 20 kcal 19
9 to 18 years 88.5 2 (61.9 3 Age [yr]) 1 PA 3 (26.7 3 Weight [kg] 1 903 3 Height [m]) 1 25 kcal 34 to 52
Girls 3 to 8 years 135.3 2 (30.8 3 Age [yr]) 1 PA3 (10.0 3 Weight [kg] 1 934 3 Height [m]) 1 20 kcal 19
9 to 18 years 135.3 2 (30.8 3 Age [yr]) 1 PA 3 (10.0 3 Weight [kg] 1 934 3 Height [m]) 1 25 kcal 34 to 46
*PA, Physical activity level. Data from the Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein,
and amino acids (macronutrients). Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2002.
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Dietary Allowances and Adequate Intakes, Total
Water and Macronutrients*
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies
Life Stage Group Total Watera (L/d) Total Fiber (g/d) Linoleic Acid (g/d) a-Linolenic Acid (g/d) Proteinb (g/d)
Infants
Birth to 6 mo 0.7* ND 4.4* 0.5* 9.1*
6-12 mo 0.8* ND 4.6* 0.5* 11.0
Children
1-3 yr 1.3* 19* 7* 0.7* 13
4-8 yr 1.7* 25* 10* 0.9* 19
Males
9-13 yr 2.4* 31* 12* 1.2* 34
14-18 yr 3.3* 38* 16* 1.6* 52
19-30 yr 3.7* 38* 17* 1.6* 56
31-50 yr 3.7* 38* 17* 1.6* 56
51-70 yr 3.7* 30* 14* 1.6* 56
.70 yr 3.7* 30* 14* 1.6* 56
Females
9-13 yr 2.1* 26* 10* 1.0* 34
14-18 yr 2.3* 26* 11* 1.1* 46
19-30 yr 2.7* 25* 12* 1.1* 46
31-50 yr 2.7* 25* 12* 1.1* 46
51-70 yr 2.7* 21* 11* 1.1* 46
.70 yr 2.7* 21* 11* 1.1* 46
Pregnancy
14-18 yr 3.0* 28* 13* 1.4* 71
19-30 yr 3.0* 28* 13* 1.4* 71
31-50 yr 3.0* 28* 13* 1.4* 71
Lactation
14-18 yr 3.8* 29* 13* 1.3* 71
19-30 yr 3.8* 29* 13* 1.3* 71
31-50 yr 3.8* 29* 13* 1.3* 71
Source: Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (2002/2005) and Dietary Reference Intakes for Water,
Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005). The report may be accessed via www.n
*Note: This table (taken from the DRI reports, see www.nap.edu) presents Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in boldface type and Adequate Intakes (AIs) in ordinary type
followed by an asterisk (*). An RDA is the average daily dietary intake level; sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a group. It is
calculated from an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR).
If sufficient scientific evidence is not available to establish an EAR, and thus calculate an RDA, an AI is usually developed. For healthy breastfed infants, an AI is the mean intake.
The AI for other life stage and gender groups is believed to cover the needs of all healthy individuals in the groups, but lack of data or uncertainty in the data prevent being able to
specify with confidence the percentage of individuals covered by this intake.
aTotal water includes all water contained in food, beverages, and drinking water.
bBased on grams of protein per kilogram of body weight for the reference body weight (e.g., for adults 0.8 g/kg body weight for the reference body weight).
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KRAUSE AND MAHAN’S
FOOD & THE
NUTRITION CARE
PROCESS
15TH EDITION
JANICE L. RAYMOND, MS, RDN, CSG
Clinical Nutrition Director
Thomas Cuisine Management at Providence Mount St. Vincent
Seattle, Washington
Affiliate Faculty
Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science
Bastyr University
Kenmore, Washington
KELLY MORROW, MS, RDN, FAND
Associate Professor
Nutrition Clinic Coordinator
Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science
Bastyr University
Kenmore, Washington
Elsevier
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KRAUSE AND MAHAN’S FOOD & THE NUTRITION CARE PROCESS, 978-0-323-63655-1
FIFTEENTH EDITION
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Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This 15th edition is dedicated to the students, professors,
and practitioners who use this text.
We are also incredibly grateful to our authors for sharing their wisdom, experience,
and insight and for their dedication to the field of nutrition and dietetics.
—The Authors, 15th Edition
To the residents and patients at Providence Mount St. Vincent who remind
me every day why I chose to work in a health care field devoted to older people.
To my grandparents who helped raise me and taught me the value of listening
to and learning from our elders. Thank you to my husband, Greg, who has
become an enthusiastic chef and did most of the cooking while I was busy
editing. And to Kathy Mahan, who is the reason this book has existed for over
60 years and has always been cutting edge. Thank you for the inspiration.
—Janice
To my students at Bastyr University. You continuously inspire me with your
energy and enthusiasm. To my husband Gregg, son Ian, sister Wendy, the chair
of the Nutrition Department at Bastyr, Debra Boutin, and my friends and
colleagues. Thank you for believing in me and providing unending support
and encouragement. To Kathy Mahan: I am honored and grateful that you
have entrusted us to continue your work.
—Kelly
C O N T R I B U TO R S
Diane M. Anderson, PhD, RDN, FADA Jean T. Cox, MS, RDN, LN Laith Ghazala, MD, FRCP
Associate Professor Patient Educator Fellow
Pediatrics Maternity and Family Planning Program Respiratory Institute
Baylor College of Medicine University of New Mexico Hospital; Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Houston, Texas Volunteer Faculty Cleveland, Ohio
Department of OB/GYN
Christine Avgeris, RDN, CD University of New Mexico F. Enrique Gómez, MSc, PhD
Clinical Dietitian Albuquerque, New Mexico Researcher
Nutrition Nutritional Physiology
Seattle Children’s Hospital Sheila Dean, DSc, RDN, LDN, CCN, National Institute of Medical Sciences and
Seattle, Washington IFMCP Nutrition, Salvador, Zubiran
Adjunct Professor Mexico City
Cynthia Bartok, PhD, RDN, CD Health Sciences and Human Performance Mexico
Associate Professor University of Tampa
Nutrition and Exercise Science Tampa, Florida; Co-Founder Michael Hahn, BA
Bastyr University Integrative and Functional Nutrition Health Science Policy Analyst
Kenmore, Washington Academy All of Us Research Program
Palm Harbor, Florida National Institutes of Health
Britta Brown, MS, RDN, LD, CNSC Bethesda, Maryland
Clinical Dietitian Ruth DeBusk, PhD, RDN
Nutrition Services Family Medicine Residency Program Jeanette M. Hasse, PhD, RDN, LD,
Hennepin Healthcare Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare CNSC, FADA
Minneapolis, Minnesota Tallahassee, Florida Transplant Nutrition Manager
Simmons Transplant Institute
Lindsey Callihan, MS, RDN, CSG Judith L. Dodd, MS, RDN, LDN, FAND Baylor University Medical Center
CVS/Coram Assistant Professor Dallas, Texas
Boise, Idaho Sports Medicine and Nutrition
University of Pittsburgh – SHRS Ginger Hultin, MS, RDN, CSO
Karen Chapman-Novakofski, PhD, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Registered Dietitian
RDN, LDN Nutrition
Food Science and Human Nutrition Lisa Dorfman, MS, RDN, CSSD, CCMS, Bastyr University
University of Illinois LMHC, FAND Seattle, Washington
Urbana, Illinois CEO/Director
Sports Nutrition & Performance A. Christine Hummell, MS, RDN, LD, CNSC
Ashley Contreras-France, MA, MS, Food Fitness International, Inc Clinical Dietitian
CCC-SLP Miami, Florida Advanced Practitioner I
Director of Rehabilitation Therapy Center of Human Nutrition
Covenant Living at the Shores Lorena Drago, MS, RDN, CDN, CDE Cleveland Clinic
Mercer Island, Washington Diabetes Education Cleveland, Ohio
Hispanic Foodways LLC
Mandy L. Corrigan, MPH, RDN, CNSC, Forest Hills, New York Carol S. Ireton-Jones, PhD, RDN, LD,
FAND, FASPEN CNSC, FASPEN, FAND
Clinical Manager, Home Nutrition Support L. Karina Díaz Rios, PhD, RDN Nutrition Therapy Specialist
and Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Cooperative Extension Specialist in Nutrition Good Nutrition for Good Living
Transplantation Division of Agriculture & Natural Resources Dallas, Texas
Center for Human Nutrition University of California, Merced
Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute Merced, California Jessica Jones, MS, RDN, CDE
Cleveland, Ohio Founder
Sharon A. Feucht, MA, RDN, CD Private Practice
Sarah Couch, PhD, RDN Nutritionist LEND Program (Retired) Jessica Jones Nutrition
Professor Center on Human Development and Richmond, California
Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Disability
Sciences University of Washington Veena Juneja, MSc, RDN
University of Cincinnati Seattle, Washington; Senior Renal Dietitian
Cincinnati, Ohio Nutritionist Nutrition
Holly Ridge Early Intervention Center St. Joseph’s Healthcare
Bremerton, Washington Hamilton, Ontario
Canada
vi
CONTRIBUTORS vii
Martha Kaufer-Horwitz, MSc, DSc, NC, Mary Demarest Litchford, PhD, RDN, Kelly Morrow, MS, RDN, FAND
FTOS LDN Associate Professor
Researcher in Medical Sciences President Nutrition and Exercise Science
Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic Executive Bastyr University
National Institute of Medical Sciences and CASE Software & Books Kenmore, Washington
Nutrition, Salvador, Zubiran Greensboro, North Carolina
Mexico City Diana Noland, MPH, RDN, CCN,
Mexico Michelle Loy, MPH, MS, RDN IFMCP, LD
Associate Professor Owner
Rachel E. Kay, MS, RDN, CD, CNSC Nutrition and Foods Integrative & Functional Medical Nutrition
Clinical Dietitian Fullerton College Therapy
Gastroenterology Fullerton, California FoodFAX
Seattle Children’s Hospital Burbank, California
Seattle, Washington Lucinda K. Lysen, RDN, RN, BSN
Nutrition Consultant in Private Practice Patricia Novak, MPH, RDN
Bette Klein, MS, RDN, CSP, LD
Orland Park, Illinois Nutrition Consultant
Advanced Practice II Pediatric Dietitian
Feeding and Nutrition
Pediatric Gastroenterology
L. Kathleen Mahan, MS, RDN, CD Professional Child Development Associates
Cleveland Clinic Children’s
Functional Nutrition Counselor (PCDA)
Cleveland, Ohio
Nutrition by Design; Pasadena, California
Clinical Associate
Lauren Kruse, MS, RDN, CNSC
Department of Pediatrics Kim Nowak-Cooperman, MS, RDN, CD
Dietitian
School of Medicine Registered Dietitian Nutritionist
Home Nutrition Support, Center for Human
University of Washington Clinical Nutrition
Nutrition
Seattle, Washington Seattle Children’s Hospital
Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic
Seattle, Washington
Cleveland, Ohio
Gabriela E. Mancera-Chávez, MSc, NC
Glenn Kuz, BSP, PharmD Professor Beth Ogata, MS, RDN, CD, CSP
Clinical Pharmacist College of Sciences and Humanities Lecturer
Harborview Medical Center Autonomous University of Mexico City; Department of Pediatrics
University of Washington Medical Center Independent Consultant University of Washington
Seattle, Washington Mexico City Seattle, Washington
Mexico
Camille Lyn Lanier, RDN, CD Constantina Papoutsakis, PhD, RDN
Pediatric Dietitian Laura E. Matarese, PhD, RDN, LDN, Senior Director
Nutrition CNSC, FADA, FASPEN, FAND Nutrition and Dietetics Data Science Center,
Seattle Children’s Hospital Professor Research International Scientific Affairs
Seattle, Washington Brody School of Medicine and Department Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
of Nutrition Science Chicago, Illinois
Nicole Larson, PhD, MPH, RDN, LD East Carolina University
Senior Research Associate Greenville, North Carolina Mary H. Purdy, PhD
Division of Epidemiology and Community Professor
Health Mari O. Mazon, MS, RDN, CD Communication Disorders
University of Minnesota Nutritionist Southern Connecticut State University
Minneapolis, Minnesota Center on Human Development and New Haven, Connecticut
Disability
Tashara M. Leak, PhD, RDN University of Washington Janice L. Raymond, MS, RDN, CSG
Lois & Mel Tukman Assistant Professor Seattle, Washington Clinical Nutrition Director
Division of Nutritional Sciences Thomas Cuisine Management
Cornell University Kelly N. McKean, MS, RDN, CSP, CD Providence Mt. St Vincent
Ithaca, New York; Clinical Pediatric Dietitian Seattle, Washington;
Assistant Professor of Nutrition Research in Nutrition Affiliate Faculty
Medicine Seattle Children’s Nutrition
Division of General Internal Medicine Seattle, Washington Bastyr University
Weill Cornell Medicine Kenmore, Washington
New York, New York Maggie Moon, MS, RDN
Author Rickelle Richards, PhD, MPH, RDN
Maureen Lilly, MS, RDN
The MIND Diet Associate Professor
Registered Dietitian Nutritionist
Nutrition Communications Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science
Nutrition
Los Angeles, California Brigham Young University
Chicken Soup Brigade
Provo, Utah
Seattle, Washington
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Dorene Robinson, RDN, CDN Lisa I. Shkoda, RDN, CSO, CSP, CNSC, Kelly A. Tappenden, PhD, RDN, FASPEN
Editor FAND Professor and Head
website Owner Kinesiology and Nutrition
beyonddiets.com Nutrition for Health RDN Consulting, LLC University of Illinois at Chicago
Seattle, Washington Charlottesville, Virginia Chicago, Illinois
Corporate Regional Dietitian
Justine Roth, MS, CEDRD Medical Facilities of America; Christina Troutner, MS, RDN
Clinical Nutrition Director Founding Dietitian Research Dietitian
Columbia Psychiatry Ketogenic Diet Therapy Program Nutritional Genomics & Digital Health
New York State Psychiatric Institute University of Virginia Health System GB HealthWatch
New York, New York Charlottesville, Virginia San Diego, California
Rebecca Rudel, MPH, RDN, CNSC Jamie S. Stang, PhD, MPH, RDN Solenne Vanne, MS, RDN
Graduate Teaching Fellow Director, Leadership, Education and Nutrition
DrPH Program Training Program in Maternal and Child Chicken Soup Brigade
Boston University School of Public Health Nutrition Seattle, Washington
Boston, Massachusetts Director, Center for Leadership in Maternal
and Child Public Health DeeAnna Wales VanReken, MS, RDN,
Mary Russell, MS, RDN, LDN, FAND Associate Professor CD, IFNCP
Medical Science Liaison II Division of Epidemiology and Community Clinical Nutrition Specialist -
Medical Affairs Health Gastroenterology
Baxter Healthcare Corporation University of Minnesota Nutrition Services
Deerfield, Illinois; School of Public Health Swedish Medical Center
Lecturer Minneapolis, Minnesota Seattle, Washington
Nutrition
Chicago Medical School Catherine S. Sullivan, MPH, RDN, LDN, Katy G. Wilkens, MS, RDN
North Chicago, Illinois IBCLC, RLC, FAND Manager
Director, Assistant Professor Nutrition and Fitness Services
Janet E. Schebendach, PhD, RDN Maternal and Child Health-Carolina Global Northwest Kidney Centers
Assistant Professor Breastfeeding Institute Seattle, Washington
Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Columbia University Medical Center Chapel Hill, North Carolina Martin M. Yadrick, MBI, MS, RDN,
New York, New York FAND
Kathie Madonna Swift, MS, RDN, LDN, Director of Nutrition Informatics
Elizabeth Shanaman, RDN FAND Sales & Marketing
Lead Dietitian Co-Founder Computrition, Inc.
Nutrition www.IFNAcademy.com West Hills, California
Northwest Kidney Centers Palm Harbor, Massachusetts
Seattle, Washington
REVIEWERS
Michael Hahn, BA Cristen L. Harris, PhD, RDN, CSSD, CD, Marion F. Winkler, PhD, RDN, LDN,
Health Science Policy Analyst CEP, FAND CNSC, FASPEN
All of Us Research Program Senior Lecturer, Core Faculty Associate Professor of Surgery and Surgical
National Institutes of Health School of Public Health, Nutritional Sciences Nutrition Specialist
Bethesda, Maryland Program Brown University School of Medicine and
University of Washington Rhode Island Hospital
Seattle, Washington Providence, Rhode Island