Korean War Reference Library - Almanac and Primary Sources, 2v

287 Pages·2001·3.94 MB·English

by  Sonia Benson

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Korean War
Biographies
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Korean War
Biographies
Sonia G. Benson
Gerda-Ann Raffaelle, Editor
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Sonia G. Benson
s
e Staff
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h Gerda-Ann Raffaelle, U•X•L Editor
Carol DeKane Nagel, U•X•L Managing Editor
p
Thomas L. Romig, U•X•L Publisher
a
Robyn V. Young, Project Manager, Imaging and Multimedia Content
r
g Robert Duncan, Senior Imaging Specialist
Kim Davis, Permissions Associate, Text
o
Tracey Rowens, Senior Art Director, Cover Design
Bi Pamela A. E. Galbreath, Senior Art Director, Page Design
LM Design, Typesetter
:
r Rita Wimberley, Senior Buyer
a
Evi Seoud, Assistant Manager, Composition Purchasing and Electronic Prepress
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Front cover photograph of Douglas MacArthur and others reproduced by
permission of Double Delta Industries, Inc. Back cover photograph of Anna
n Rosenberg reproduced by permission of AP/Wide World Photos, Inc.
a
e
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
r
o Benson, Sonia.
K Korean War : biographies / Sonia G. Benson ; Gerda-Ann Raffaelle,
editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents biographies of twenty-six men and women
who participated in or were affected by the Korean War, including
politicians, military leaders, journalists, and nurses.
ISBN 0-7876-5692-5 (hc. : alk. paper)
1. Korean War, 1950–1953—Biography—Juvenile literature. 2.
Korea (South)—Biography—Juvenile literature. 3. United States—Biog-
raphy—Juvenile literature. [1. Korean War, 1950–1953—Biography.] I.
Raffaelle, Gerda-Ann. II. Title.
DS918.A553 B46 2001
951.904’2’0922–dc21
[B] 2001044241
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright
laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other
applicable laws. The author and editors of this work have added value to the
underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following:
unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and
classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigor-
ously defended.
Copyright © 2002 U•X•L, an imprint of The Gale Group
All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in
any form.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents
Reader’s Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Korean War Timeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Words to Know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Biographies:
Dean Acheson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Omar N. Bradley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Chiang Kai-shek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Mark W. Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
William F. Dean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Dwight D. Eisenhower . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Marguerite Higgins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Kim Il Sung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Douglas MacArthur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Jacob A. Malik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Mao Zedong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Joseph McCarthy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
John J. Muccio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
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Paik Sun Yup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Pak Hön-yöng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Peng Dehuai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Syngman Rhee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Matthew B. Ridgway . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Anna Rosenberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Oliver P. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Joseph Stalin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Harry S. Truman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
James A. Van Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Walton H. “Johnnie” Walker . . . . . . . . . . 239
Yö Un-hyöng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
vi Korean War: Biographies
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Reader’s Guide
Along with being the “forgotten war” that no one wants to
think about and the “wrong war” that the world powers
probably should have avoided, the Korean War was a war that
lacked definition. It had no exact beginning or end. The tradi-
tional dates are 1950 to 1953, from the North Koreans’ inva-
sion of South Korea to the signing of the armistice. Many his-
torians, however, place the beginning of the war in 1945,
when the United States and the Soviet Union began their occu-
pations of the country, splitting it in two in a way that the
Koreans had never imagined. Though the fighting ended in
1953, the country is still divided: many Koreans have not seen
nor heard from family and loved ones—mother, father, sister,
husband, friend, cousin—nor have they been allowed to
return to their homeland for fifty years. For them, the war is
not over.
The Korean War was neither civil war nor foreign con-
quest. Although the initial armed conflict was between the
communist government of North Korea and the Westernized
dictatorship in South Korea, these two opposing factions were
created and supported by outsiders. In effect, Korea became a
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playing field for the cold war powers, so much so that many
histories of the war written in the United States barely men-
tion the Korean people and their struggles at all. But an esti-
mated two million Korean civilians died during the war, leav-
ing the survivors to rebuild a thoroughly decimated country.
Korean War: Biographies presents the life stories of
twenty-five people who played pivotal roles in the Korean
War, from the leaders of the world powers who created the sit-
uation that led to war to the leaders of Korea who found them-
selves on either side of a demarcation line despite their want-
ing the same thing: a unified country.
Format
The twenty-five entries in Korean War: Biographies are
arranged alphabetically. Each opens with a portrait of the indi-
vidual featured, birth and death information, and a quote by
or about that person. Accompanying several biographies are
sidebar boxes that highlight people and information of special
interest. Each entry offers a list of additional sources students
can refer to for more information, including sources used in
writing the biography. Fifty black-and-white photographs help
illustrate the material covered in the text. The volume begins
with a timeline of important events in the Korean War and a
“Words to Know” section that introduces students to difficult
or unfamiliar terms. It concludes with a subject index so stu-
dents can easily find the people, places, and events discussed
throughout Korean War: Biographies.
Related Source
Korean War: Almanac and Primary Sources explores the
Korean War through thirteen chapters and twelve documents.
The Almanac chapters provide a solid overview of the war, from
its underlying causes to its major battles through its drawn-out
peace process. The twelve primary source documents include
excerpted speeches, memoirs, oral histories, war correspon-
dents’ reports, and government documents pertaining to the
war. This volume contains ninety maps and photographs,
numerous sidebar boxes, a timeline of events, a glossary, lists of
sources for further study, and a subject index.
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Comments and Suggestions
We welcome your comments on this work as well as
your suggestions for individuals to be featured in future edi-
tions of Korean War: Biographies. Please write: Editors, Korean
War: Biographies, U•X•L, 27500 Drake Rd., Farmington Hills,
MI 48331–3535; call toll-free: 1–800–877–4253; fax:
248–414–5043; or send e-mail via www.galegroup.com.
Reader’s Guide ix
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Korean War Timeline
1905 Japan declares Korea its protectorate.
1907 Widespread rebellion against Japanese rule rages
through Korea. The Japanese brutally repress the
Korean rebels, killing thousands.
1910 Japan annexes Korea, beginning a thirty-five-year colo-
nial rule.
March 1, 1919 Protestors against Japanese rule read a Procla-
mation of Independence in Seoul, the capital of Korea,
initiating a massive nationwide protest, later known as
the March First Movement. The Japanese respond with
deadly force.
1919 The first Korean Communist Party is formed in Siberia,
a region in the Soviet Union.
1919 The Korean Provisional Government is formed in
Shanghai, China; Korean independence leader Syng-
man Rhee, residing in the United States, is named its
president.
1931 Japan invades Manchuria, China, extending its indus-
trial empire from Korea into Manchuria.
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