Korean grammar for international learners

230 Pages·2001·41.45 MB·English

by  Chang, Hong Kyung-Pyo, Suk-In

New Edition
Korean Grammar
for
International Learners

by
thm, Ho Bin

‘Yonsei University Press
Published by YONSE UNIVERSITY PRESS

18, Shinchow- dang, Sede,

Seoul 220-748, Korea

EL: 92-2)2128 4381~2

FAX= (82-2) ant-121

‘E-mail: ysupa yonsel acer

utp: Pwwrw.yonsehacioress

001 by Th, Ho Bin
Hong, Kyung Py
Chars Suk

Copyrighe

All sights rererve,

ISBN g9-1s1-5t4-1 108726)
89-7141 558. 3fet}

pt Printed Joe 10, 001

th Printed « November 38,2018
Price: w,g00
Printed by Dung Kant en i the Repubife of Korea

Authors’ Preface

‘Mere Uh Girton sears hive passed si

sie LS, shen, fa
most effort to eseorate ou wore wage, we planted a litle tre with
the tle Ronson Granineer 4, 0 [ABO EAD LIL] Ses then ths won
ea i yt salle nl se al Fe lee my ifr
‘uunirie striving tu understand eich atker'shssory and eure al i
many eases even Fv tether in ary aed

fe also fie now muany language learners whe. is er
ra ste parts!
Tangunges which are 29 legs than the koe and esc hey Hold fr i
fox mother ve Tr pric, dhe et

so alletion,

fo achieve
ard, show at love an respec! for their cout

sof those it every noe
anv eranny ofthe glohe who wish ta lean Koren gt,

peonle epeaking, Tenens and taschine

se are certain that all oh
Korean will drive ines
this sense that the austin aie convingel that he ceaprearane® of this

ly seat joy Fm

vrs Wisin

Dok a newer, more male il Kags
happiness tr many besides the authns ose
‘We have designed this ook anasto bem useul rf

Tansnaye vero, wil bring

rece tea fe
Degiming and advaners! learners alike, oneuve our bok hash sel
feature of & detionary-or textboae ke design for ease of uve by the
earner

In-his vevized editicn, we ave tre o exclude all arch al ilect
patter, and to ineamorate sny an all granenatical ims while are
essential anuae importa forthe Ieaenor 30 master. We have #0 paid
peel attention co the question of resent, sequen and inexing

‘isu make searching easier for thee. Antler no Fate a ths

tation is thst wo Rave included che practice exercises ia a axparate
sspelementary volume

"The seshons lave planed this sapling called! Korvone Gromer om the
bhuis of the enon and etthueiasin gained over the course of mere
shan trey vas i Ue elassrouns, Bat this yo we by

ine of the atbare’ care aa aon alone, We wish ts sekeosledge

that each and every branch and leaf of this trae owes ts growth to Es
sourshment provide the form uf encwuraygentest and evils fmm
rans isis, Wee w! sever farger our debe of grafic 10 chose
who. fn the course of using hese materia

wind oa prulens aad sites

We are arateful to 144-2 19) for er hard work in the process af

ceorrseting are roan, the Thal version af she book, We are also
_watefl to the Yonsei University Press Zor ageing 20

Laat bot ot Fess, we hope that tie grammar book ill Doras
friend and eempanioe forall nse leasing Korean in cur global village
sd that in fue, the sine-minded dovotion of uhe anthers and the

the bok.

fieatse esinssitmest of ur seeders sill combine 20 erode even

bettr verscns of this book,

May st, 2001
‘Pe uthors

‘Translator’s Preface

Ie feveth a sense of gre embarrasnent and shane shat [realize over

Ue years have passed zine Tage to undetase ts tana of
FUL a VO} FL lex compelled to take ow the project fora

wer of reasons — ou uf tense of responsbity tos sou fee ike
ours with a0 eww readily available reference worl: aut of a sense of

adhuration and eespect for she boole units capable authors, ah thrce

seasoned experts in Korean lanyvagy aration from ons of the l=
nust prestigious insitlions id out of a dese to heen more zysel
a

tempi tw on: Ice ip cure, azseré ths Fs ca nd in general li
biases,
Inowedhge and ‘gnarance. Certainly {aan gully ofthis type of edturial

ating the were af others in 8 on fe i no easy task, One

i of cat cut tits of information based om one’s os ea

arrogance iz numerous phices, but [cosas nyse? with tne remingor
That the autaors gave me cusiderabe Heense to prskscw an Enlish=
Innirige work thee would be most effete for ne epesing
ents of Kovesn,

Thats beor my assumpsinn Uhreunge the pret that the reader of
this volume is ahs titivatee learner of Korea al one wha sadly
has some competence: iy che Language. Tus, 1 hase

‘taetations of example sentences a collonial a ean. In cases hese
®ulloguia ransltion soeied ta stay tow fac from the eeral ses uf
fn exaamole tase especially fn eases where i did at the expense uf
eigen the prams fonts lig hie, kane also
Inhaled, im parentheses, 2 mee eral reli,

i ovigial Konean licauaee version of this books appears tu have
hoe targeted more at wewl-be teacrs uf Korean a fori learsers
i Tranelators trots

than fovegn learners hessaelves, na, Hee bv gue dee of tract
tional granoneatcettermiology, ail any of the explanations fori
‘ual patie ad endings inenyporsce raher ry. "lingusteks” prose to
thscily I these structural pieces Sanction, “3 mg teenslation, have
lutea east ea ssninize the ose wf yeamanetcaltermizology and prose
Aessrnsions of grosmse i Uhe expesition of partieles amd ening
Tose, Ihave assumed that the Bslish-speakingreader~ learner would
refer ta have alist of rash ealticn equivalents, 2 fowr words on ay
nee cestrieions or pocelaities, and Whe ve stnighe ta sotsel
‘exuttesenanees, che later bein a deoded strength ofthis wor.
nero for supplementary
iinfwmation on Korean fans sol grammar wil pesbabiy cogs

“Those renders who have seedy seared

the influonce of Saumael Martin's Ryfiiice Camaaar of Korea fs my
tris Ibs is may places I have sion jetitaned the sath
vigil Konsum prose desripions i favor of reproducicg the glasses
from Mersin erannar bsnetioes vevtim, somntistes wih aisioal
interpretations of my vw

‘Tae present work fill important gap fm the all-tvo-mea
tone af plied releence orks on Korean for the Bu
learner, i presnts i a sysienatie and user-ricnaly fashion she wre

ial speaking

features of Korean grammar with an abundance of carefully eonstrscte
example seoconces, The sors ate relly anuashed 2a their

fespuusal of she immpmtane of grammer education in Korean

cing, std yet tiie ote Cin ite English version, I hope). § not $0
‘erviniy termnnology-lace sed “Tngistie" a¢ to thes off the wek-be
‘er L vould algo venture Ws that is Doo coulé serve as a uses
‘c'sbone tet to an avncedunlataduste course or raat stair
sn ‘Ravens Pedagogical Grams’, end is ulity 5s ineressed all
move hy the separately published 244-123 as

Ross Ring

Preliminaries

1 Phe Need for and Tnpertance uf Grammar Kdueation

Tse questnas of whether, in aching Korean a5 foreign lame we
hold teach about the Koveus seamsmtieal tem, en if £0 how oe
should teach i emain as inportane zea diiutepeoblens, Gre of the
seasons for this fs te facts there i considerable dfferece et weer
fire-languge edie ion and sucond-languege eduratin, yather words
beteon teashisg Kerean ns» mother tongue and rearing Revean asa
furan arog

‘Teaching -he Korea gramvatinlsystena fesse ror (he pik of
‘iow of syscmaticing the lay leaning process, This is se Bees
ll rds hive both lexical Eropertce al uranic promertes,
the more therough we heese in our ssematic study an desertion
f Tema she amaller the gps yu belweun language realities end
lenysawe nom

Fron the point oF view of the Ianguie struct, too, fone une
tons the Rorcan grammatical assem, it Ivomes pes to scorn
robles ares inthe avin process zl then zoncencesteane'stexching
othe, In eueh 2 ease, ane es effet x wore siti, more easing
education piceess, al Uneeby tase learner achieverent levels. Moce

won learsers canunic errors, te instructor ean denn Ce cane
utilize his or her grammatical knows. and offer stated i
sacs to te earne

“The pedagogical metiuslgy ef gtamiar oducatun x tee bee fet
for methor ology mans, but wes maw edited ths back v0

fuesen
she presentation a grammar in acta, real le stations, snlke previ
fs works, sich ive eed te Zocus en graminar for gramamar's sae
ov gramruar-translaion sethodongy. ‘This iy because we believe an
feos se thie wil ke poseble both an asderstanding of dhe dee
stroemres wis the lamesage an an udrstanding of raga aves.

2 Special Features of Korea Grammar “@;2) 4]

Inthe courte etn end compiling ths bol, have pid attention
teva number of special features

Firs: By focusing or exvasiion mare on the bees of the general

rama faond i) Koreas shoo! grammars than on the 0
tive grammars produced ty liniets. we hupe to oxereome
‘he limitations ofthe fatter sel provide th foreign eesner with
an sisier, mare sessile oe! for accuisiton

Secon The exsottion of the Hod ais plaza in suce elscrote

stages Inthe Fst stage, wey
lw second stage, we cried to prediet the oiffietee shat
foneieners would escontes in leering Korean as a second
Tansy In the third stage, we

ellis throug ae eosching exprriener In partieulae. we

marized Ko-eas gram. In

ied tu vere those di

sirave in the evetion of the example sentences to use as many
hex and patient words aad expresion® as ssle sn 5.0
enhance thir inmdne uetulnes
‘Taird: The sanplemenary volume Practice Lerelaes ond Arwen Key
[eG eADa) aC] was devised ex the basis of selene
thology whereby we Kept in sad the earner levele and
learning prac, aul verified commen errors and estimated
relative difficulty loves. This secre runt mel oe eifetive

teach tnd at frei laeoers

2 The Structure of Kovean Grammar (23°) 2

‘The strwecte af Romane Cremer ie as follows,

ist: Koved Ganon is composed of auventens ekaptens and ach

chapker is tai ut accor odfieity Level, with basi items
prevodi, ia ander to more difeslt ems
Secon: This boule contains te
arean alate oedr, a the other in Enlis for ngs

tices: cow for Kove items in

“Thirds We nave desist a supplementary Ruwiive Bonk 8941
all eure to pactie what they have izraed on thelr ov,
[Futhe At the back othe Racine Book we have ialuded ar ansiver
“7 to als laters to wetfy their answers
Fifth: We nave albo included a lis af alclonal references far those
learner wh ish ta centinus the’s scudy of Kurean yeamnse
swith more specialized material
Contents

Authors! Preface +i
(ranslator's Preface + ¥
Preliminaries + vii

Special Features of Korean Grammar and Sentence
Structure z
1. Bare af spoodh in Korears/3
2, Special Features of Koresn Gramunae!t
5 Thasie Sentence Strocture of Koreans
1) Basie Sentence Types 6
2) Constituent Elements af Se

sence Struchare +6

Types *

5) Korean Sesence §

Chapter Tes
‘Nouns

1. Noun Pimetions19

2. Nm Types

4 Board Nouns/20
1) Nowas Always Used Dependently + 2.
2) Free Fonts which alsu funtion a Bound Novas!

Post Modifiers «68

Choper Th

Pronouns
1, Personal Peonus/83

2. Demonstrative Pronsets!s

8

Chanter Pow
Numerale so
si Contes

2. Casdinal Numerals
1) Pure Kureass Cardinal Nuaserals © 99
2) Sing-Krears Numerals * 92

2, Orlinal Nomersle
1) Pee Kurests Orda! Numerals «5
2) Sino

ron Orin Numer =

1. Action Vorks/9#
2, Descriptive Verias!98
3. The Capula 0/5139
4. The Ver) “3-H 10
5. Verb Conjugation 112
1) What fs Conjugation +
2) Confugation Classos +12
3) Coniugation snd Suffiees +
4) Teveqular Verbs +

Chapren Six
Adnominals u
1. Demonsteatien Adonis 115

2, Numerical Adnowsiesls/ 116
4. Descriptive Adtnomisais/76
Chapter Seve
Adverbials: z us
1. Classiicntson a Advurhs accnrcling ta Merising/ 118
2) Time Adverbs + 19
2) Prequeney Adverbs 120
8) General Adverbs » 121
1) Dogron Adverns +122
2, Classification of Adverbs according to Mlethed of

Consents

Word-formation/122
1) New der'ved Adverbs + 123
22) Drives Adverts 124
3} Inlerrogative™ Indefinite Adverhs and Negative
Adverbs 128
1 Confuresive Adverts «129
5) Mimetie Adverbs + 137
4. Adverbial Forms of Yerbs via Infleeston 16

5. Position of Adverbs!

Chats Bight
Bxclamations
1. Thoy express the instinctive surprise or
of the spealken/LAL
2 Exelamacions are used ta call or reply to atsers/1

tien

sclamnations inches words whieh are wsed as a shor

‘of empty Filer hedge! 12
Chatter Nine
Particles
L. Cass Particles!
1) Setyeet Paricie» 144
2) Onject Particle + i
3) Complement Particle + 18
1) Adnomsinal Particle» 138
3) Adverbial Pacticle “18
5) Yoestive Particle»
2. Conmnstive Particles! 158
3. Auiliary Parietes!161

Chepter Ten
‘Tense vo z
1. Tense Marking via Final Verb Endings

ui

HS

aa
Mir Canneres

3) Present Tense “189
2) Past Tere +
8 Fat

-eense = IH

2) Progressive Tess

Chapter

Tonorifies and Humilities ssn 1

1, Subjeet Honrifiention/199
2. Speees Levels/202

1} Formal Speech Level «2
2} Informal Spec Level +207
8. Hlonurifieatioa by Means of Lexical Expressions! 20

Chatter Tete
Negation 2

1. Negation in Declarative und Interrozative Seatences/214
2, Negation in Imperative and Propositive Sectenees/216
3, Lexioal Negation/238

Negation in Saniersation

Chopter Thisten
Special Bxpressions usingr Conjugati
1. Final Endings/218
1) Binal Falings ane Spoweh Levels «221
2) Binal Endings with Sperisl Uses «227
2, Conjunetive: Endings!238
q

al Endings 219,

2. Adonminal Endings!
4. Nowinalizer Endings
1) Susimativetst -71) +319

Chapter Fourteen
Auxiliary Verbs 333
1. Progressive Auxiliary Verbs/380
2, Terminative Auxiliary Verbs) 312

Comments

Donatory Ausiliary Verbs!
Exploratory Auxiliary Verbs!850
sry Verbs!391
Reteative Ausiliary Verbs’
Desidersti

4
L
5 Ieerative dus
8

c Ailinry Verls/958
8. Desoxiptive Ansiliary Verb !'5
4. Newative Auxiliary Verbs‘808
1, usiliary of Inablliy Verbs 302

hort Passives * 254
2) Long Passives» 955

1, Causatives/388
1) Short Causative = SAR

2) Lang Caucatives + 268

Chapter Sixtien
Quoted Speveh a
1. Dizeet Quoted Speeet/372
2. Infect Quoted Speech 573
) Characteristic fer Indiract Quoted Speeet «373
2) Deletian w the Quotation Particle 3" and
Uf Dumuny Ver 3h + 330

lar Sosenteo
Pretixes and Suffixes sn
1, Prefixes’399
2. Suffises/311

Reference Pusctuntion 412
Recommendations for Purser Neading/ #2
Index
Chapter One

Special Features of
Korean Grammar and
Sentence Structure

A seen

composed of ow oF mare words, ane imparts a ate
tog wr Sling. This thought a feting nm
ocort with prope sentence src

w fr 3 sete tn eerie

Targa, Bae ll anciat and natural phcromena, ire csuracter ne by

cw ngavieally incertwined see of rules snd strasares. Te esstematizn

tom ard codienticn ofthese rules and elaiensigs felled samme.

isthe goal of this fst chapter of Koran Comoosir Jor Fores

eas to peovide

with s oogseenive framework and
bverview ofthe fundarsentabelig locks of Koreas yrami

1. Parts of speech in Korean GH

Sentences ine eombiations of words fr not always easy eo elesity

all vcs gre

sts af spec" re

rmgroup of wards
‘amites of Beetion dalibera
ions on united seo ranma reeapized nine pans of

‘we share certain features ‘The 1

seh in
‘ote, and Figure 1 below ssc on the materia Sr these clbera
2 Chapter Ove

<Pigure Korean

examples

sh

Nol Pact os

vies A ABR Ash
Nouns Gee sway

2 em HH, BS

3 ee ORES “
Nunersie to one 0

1 |pepe Yh abst

5 [apa eich eh obtet
[Desesptve vers Be dod He Rew

ap ot =
Aazominale a8 oe

a fea acts], as}
ladverse ver | abundeey

a laws a och

8 [eA Manica | ol RE, Aa a, aa (22 |

“The sine parts a" speech presented ace in Figue (1) can be further
sebvelasiied a fll

11 Content Words snd Funetion Words 1214)2h 214)

re worde with actual semen content, wile fy
only grarsmatica! meanings

hich en

swords are fms ike pi
ar relationships

2) Subvclasifeation according to Infleting va. Non-infeeting
Forms

Swe wom wedge compen fn ies wile ers mista ane

constant Sapo, Verbels belong tothe former ess, ad sbstansives

Soncil Feances of Koreas Grammer and Seitenoe Structure 3

modes to De tates

Tefleking woréss 7S} sO ah.
ipsa: = obs, oh

Non-intlocting wor 2: a8 A
Heer pa da

31 Subsclasification according to Word Function

‘Wheressrsome woes can verona enti fetions within a sentence,
others ean pertorm onl ose. The tonster are called subsastives ad
inlets ows, yrosouns and eamerale The later ane culled ees
aid nla atiominals (ore hich modify une! and adverbial

lovonds whic mie verbs,
4 Semmntfe Sub-elassfiention
{ye olesiontion ato sine parts of speech ie desermined by semantic

criteria, The only exesption are che exelanat
nals el avin, are considered as

ns, whic, bere they
Alifer in sunction Sr a

independ forms,

tiased oa he clasieatinas show, we enn eonrgaize the “Pa

Sseeeh” table somewhat sine systematically and comvesienthy as to:

lige

igure 2; Classification of Parts af Sywseh”

a
Woe

ae
mcm Wor

[a aed

eticg Vora

Fort