KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN PENGEMBANGAN STASIUN KERETA API ...

142 Pages·2017·5.24 MB·Indonesian

KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN PENGEMBANGAN
STASIUN KERETA API PADA BANDAR UDARA AHMAD YANI
DI KOTA SEMARANG
TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan sebagai Syarat untuk mencapai
Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Universitas Sebelas Maret

Disusun oleh:
Rian Mas Nugroho
I0213073

Dibimbing oleh:
Ir. Agus Heru Purnomo M.T
Ir. Edi Pramono Singgih M.T.

PRODI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2017
1
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

2
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, atas limpahan Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya, sehingga
penulis dapat merampungkan tugas akhir dengan judul : “Stasiun Kereta Api Pada Bandar Udara
Ahmad Yani Di Kota Semarang” sebagai salah satu persyaratan mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Teknik
di Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Penghargaan dan terima kasih yang setulus-tulusnya kepada Ibunda tercinta Rizmiana
Prihawati S.H. yang telah mencurahkan segenap cinta dan kasih sayang serta perhatian moril
maupun materil. Semoga Allah SWT selalu melimpahkan Rahmat, Kesehatan, Karunia dan
keberkahan di dunia dan di akhirat atas budi baik yang telah diberikan kepada penulis.
Dalam penyusunan dan penulisan skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari bantuuan, bimbingan serta
dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu dalam kesempatan ini penulis dengan senang hati
menyampaikan terimakasih kepada yang terhormat :
1. Ibu Dr. Eng. Kusumaningdyah Nurul Handayani S.T., M.T. selaku Pembimbing akademik
2. Bapak Ir. Agus Heru Purnomo M.T dan Bapak Ir. Edi Pramono Singgih M.T. selaku
Pembimbing
3. Ibu Dr. Ir. Wiwik Setyaningsih M.T. dan Ibu Tri Yuni Iswati S.T.,M.T. selaku Penguji
4. Teman-teman kontrakan yaitu Pandu, Siwi, Aldi, Akka, Putut, Cece, Nanda, Si Putet, Si
Geblek, Alm.Robbin, Alm.Otong, Beni, Ruhul, Aldo, Bisma, Riza, dan Mas Adit yang
telah membantu dan memberi dukungan
5. Sahabat SMA tercinta Rida, Ichal, Ajeng dan Ningka
6. Sahabat danus tercinta Arieka, Dea, Aqila, Anisa Q, dan Hadinar
7. Teman terdekat Aisyah Trisnawati, Amd.Keb yang telah memberikan dukungan, doa &
semangatnya.
8. Teman terdekat Agatha Wahyu Sulistyo P yang telah memberikan doa dan dukunganya
9. Seluruh teman-teman studio periode 146, teman-teman Arsitektur 2013, adik-adik dan
kakak-kakak Arsitektur UNS
Akhir kata penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan skripsi ini masih jauh dari
kesempurnaan. Karena itu, penulis memohon saran dan kritik yang sifatnya membangun demi
kesempurnaannya dan semoga bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Amiin
Surakarta,

Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .......................................................................................................................2
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
DAFTAR ISI .........................................................................................................................................4
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..............................................................................................................................8
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................................. 12
DAFTAR SKEMA ............................................................................................................................... 13
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. PENGERTIAN JUDUL ........................................................................................................................ 14
B. LATAR BELAKANG ............................................................................................................................ 14
C. PERMASALAHAN DAN PERSOALAN ................................................................................................ 19
1. Permasalahan .............................................................................................................................. 19
2. Persoalan ..................................................................................................................................... 19
D. TUJUAN DAN SASARAN ................................................................................................................... 20
1. Tujuan ......................................................................................................................................... 20
2. Sasaran ........................................................................................................................................ 20
E. BATASAN DAN LINGKUP PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................................... 20
1. Batasan ........................................................................................................................................ 20
2. Lingkup pembahasan .................................................................................................................. 20
F. METODE .......................................................................................................................................... 21
G. SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN ............................................................................................................... 21
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A. TRANSPORTASI ................................................................................................................................ 23
1. Pengertian ................................................................................................................................... 23
2. Faktor .......................................................................................................................................... 23
B. Moda Transportasi .......................................................................................................................... 23
1. Transportasi Udara...................................................................................................................... 23
2. Transportasi Laut ........................................................................................................................ 25
3. Transportasi Darat ...................................................................................................................... 27
C. KERETA API ...................................................................................................................................... 31
1. Definisi ........................................................................................................................................ 31
2. Keunggulan Kereta Api ................................................................................................................ 32
3. Jenis-jenis kereta api ................................................................................................................... 32
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D. Stasiun Kereta Api ........................................................................................................................... 36
1. Definisi Stasiun ............................................................................................................................ 36
2. Fungsi Stasiun ............................................................................................................................. 36
3. Fasilitas Penunjang Stasiun Kereta Api ....................................................................................... 36
4. Jenis Stasiun ................................................................................................................................ 37
E. Stasiun Bandara .............................................................................................................................. 38
F. Pelayanan Stasiun ........................................................................................................................... 39
1. Definisi ........................................................................................................................................ 39
2. Pelayanan Ticketing .................................................................................................................... 42
3. Pelayanan Keselamatan .............................................................................................................. 43
4. Pelayanan Keamanan .................................................................................................................. 44
5. Pelayanan Kesehatan .................................................................................................................. 44
6. Pelayanan Umum ........................................................................................................................ 45
7. Pelayanan Khusus ....................................................................................................................... 48
G. Pengaturan Zona Pelayanan dan Sirkulasi Penumpang di Stasiun ................................................. 49
H. Pereseden Bangunan ...................................................................................................................... 51
1. Stasiun Maguwo Yogyakarta dan Bandara Adi Sucipto .............................................................. 51
BAB III TINJAUAN LOKASI
A. Makro (Kota Semarang) .................................................................................................................. 55
1. Kondisi fisik ................................................................................................................................. 55
2. Potensi daerah ............................................................................................................................ 62
B. Mezo (Kecamatan Semarang Barat) ............................................................................................... 74
C. Mikro (Bandar Udara Ahmad Yani Semarang) ................................................................................ 75
1. Sejarah ........................................................................................................................................ 75
2. Lokasi........................................................................................................................................... 76
BAB IV ANALISIS PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN STASIUN KERETA API PADA BANDAR UDARA
AHMAD YANI DI KOTA SEMARANG
A. Analisis Makro (Kota Semarang) ..................................................................................................... 77
1. Analisis Aksesibilitas .................................................................................................................... 77
2. Analisis Infrastruktur ................................................................................................................... 82
B. Analisis Mezo (Kecamatan Semarang Barat) .................................................................................. 85
1. Analisis Batas Wilayah................................................................................................................. 85
2. Analisis Transportasi Publik ........................................................................................................ 86
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C. Analisis Mikro .................................................................................................................................. 86
1. Analisis Pemilihan Tapak ............................................................................................................. 86
2. Analisis Pencapaian ..................................................................................................................... 89
3. Analisis Orientasi ......................................................................................................................... 90
4. Analisis pencahayaan .................................................................................................................. 93
5. Analisis kebisingan ...................................................................................................................... 93
6. Analisis Arah angin ...................................................................................................................... 94
7. Analisis kebutuhan ruang dan besaran ruang ............................................................................. 95
D. Analisis Pola Hubungan Ruang ........................................................................................................ 98
1. Penumpang ................................................................................................................................. 98
2. Pengelola ..................................................................................................................................... 99
E. Analisis perzoningan ..................................................................................................................... 100
1. Fungsi peraturan zonasi ............................................................................................................ 100
2. Jenis-Jenis Zona ......................................................................................................................... 101
3. Zona berdasarkan letaknya ....................................................................................................... 102
BAB V KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN STASIUN KERETA API PADA BANDAR UDARA
AHMAD YANI DI KOTA SEMARANG
A. Konsep Dasar ................................................................................................................................ 103
B. Konsep Pelaku dan Kegiatan ......................................................................................................... 103
C. Konsep kebutuhan ruang dan besaran ruang ............................................................................... 104
D. Konsep pencapaian ....................................................................................................................... 106
E. Konsep Orientasi ........................................................................................................................... 107
F. Konsep perzoningan ...................................................................................................................... 108
1. Zoning Horizontal ...................................................................................................................... 109
2. Zoning Vertikal .......................................................................................................................... 109
G. Konsep Umur Bangunan ............................................................................................................... 110
H. Konsep Sirkulasi ............................................................................................................................ 110
1. Pengantar Penjemput ............................................................................................................... 110
2. Penumpang ............................................................................................................................... 111
3. Pengelola ................................................................................................................................... 112
I. Konsep struktur dan konstruksi bangunan ................................................................................... 112
1. Sub Struktur .............................................................................................................................. 112
2. Super Struktur ........................................................................................................................... 113
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3. Upper Structur .......................................................................................................................... 114
J. Konsep Utilitas bangunan ............................................................................................................. 115
1. Sistem Air Bersih ....................................................................................................................... 115
2. Jaringan Air Kotor ...................................................................................................................... 116
3. Pengolahan Air Hujan ............................................................................................................... 116
4. Pengelolaan Limbah .................................................................................................................. 117
5. Pembuangan Sampah ............................................................................................................... 117
6. Jaringan Bahaya Kebakaran ...................................................................................................... 118
7. Jaringan Listrik........................................................................................................................... 122
8. Perangkat Keamanan ................................................................................................................ 123
9. Transportasi Vertikal ................................................................................................................. 125
10. Penangkal Petir ..................................................................................................................... 131
K. GUBAHAN MASSA ......................................................................................................................... 132
L. BANGUNAN YANG DIRENCANAKAN ............................................................................................. 134
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................................... 141

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.01 Bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang ...................................................................... 15
Gambar 1.02 Stasiun Semarang Tawang ............................................................................... 16
Gambar 1.03 Stasiun Semarang Poncol ................................................................................. 16
Gambar 1.04 Situasi Bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang ......................................................... 18
Gambar 1.05 Perlintasan Kereta Api Bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang ............................... 19
Gambar 2.01 Pesawat Terbang .............................................................................................. 24
Gambar 2.02 Helikopter......................................................................................................... 25
Gambar 2.03 Kapal Layar ...................................................................................................... 26
Gambar 2.04 Kapal Uap ....................................................................................................... 26
Gambar 2.05 Sepeda ............................................................................................................ 28
Gambar 2.06 Sepeda Motor .................................................................................................. 29
Gambar 2.07 Mobil ............................................................................................................ 30
Gambar 2.08 Bus ............................................................................................................ 30
Gambar 2.09 Kereta Api ....................................................................................................... 31
Gambar 2.10 Kereta Api Uap ............................................................................................... 33
Gambar 2.11 Lokomotif Diesel ............................................................................................ 33
Gambar 2.12 Kereta Listrik .................................................................................................. 34
Gambar 2.13 Kereta Maglev ................................................................................................. 34
Gambar 2.14 Kereta Monorail .............................................................................................. 35
Gambar 2.15 Jalur Rel Kereta Di Stasiun Maguwo .............................................................. 53
Gambar 2.16 Stasiun Maguwo .............................................................................................. 54
Gambar 2.17 Underpass Stasiun Maguwo ............................................................................. 54
Gambar 3.01 Peta Kota Semarang ........................................................................................ 55
Gambar 3.02 Peta Rawan Banjir Kota Semarang ................................................................. 61
Gambar 3.03 Peta Transportasi Kota Semarang ................................................................... 68
Gambar 3.04 Stasiun Semarang Tawang .............................................................................. 70
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Gambar 3.05 Stasiun Semarang Poncol ................................................................................ 71
Gambar 3.06 Bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang ..................................................................... 72
Gambar 3.07 Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas Semarang ................................................................. 73
Gambar 3.08 Terminal Mangkang ........................................................................................ 74
Gambar 3.09 Kecamatan Semarang Barat ............................................................................ 74
Gambar 3.10 Peta Bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang .............................................................. 76
Gambar 4.01 Gambar Peta Jalan Tol Kota Semarang .......................................................... 79
Gambar 4.02 Kereta Api ....................................................................................................... 82
Gambar 4.03 PDAM ............................................................................................................ 83
Gambar 4.04 Kantor Telkom Semarang ............................................................................... 84
Gambar 4.05 Kantor PLN Semarang .................................................................................... 84
Gambar 4.06 Peta Kecamatan Semarang Barat .................................................................... 85
Gambar 4.07 View Tapak Alternatif 1 ................................................................................. 87
Gambar 4.08 View Tapak Alternatif 2 ................................................................................. 88
Gambar 4.09 Area Tapak Terpilih ........................................................................................ 89
Gambar 4.10 Analisis Pencapaian Tapak ............................................................................. 90
Gambar 4.11 Parkiran Bandara Ahmad Yani ....................................................................... 91
Gambar 4.12 Area Tapak ...................................................................................................... 91
Gambar 4.13 Jalan Bandara Ahmad Yani ............................................................................. 92
Gambar 4.14 Sebelah Barat Tapak ....................................................................................... 92
Gambar 4.15 Analisis Pencahayaan ...................................................................................... 93
Gambar 4.16 Analisis Kebisingan ........................................................................................ 94
Gambar 4.17 Analisis Arah Angin ........................................................................................ 95
Gambar 5.01 Pencapaian ...................................................................................................... 107
Gambar 5.02 Orientasi Bangunan ......................................................................................... 108
Gambar 5.03 Zona Horizontal .............................................................................................. 109
Gambar 5.04 Zona Vertikal .................................................................................................. 110
Gambar 5.05 Struktur Footplat ............................................................................................. 113
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Gambar 5.06 Pondasi Batu Kali ............................................................................................ 113
Gambar 5.07 Kolom dan Balok ............................................................................................ 114
Gambar 5.08 Struktur Bentang Lebar ................................................................................... 115
Gambar 5.09 Struktur Pengolahan Limbah .......................................................................... 117
Gambar 5.10 Smoke Detector ............................................................................................... 119
Gambar 5.11 Fire Alarm ....................................................................................................... 120
Gambar 5.12 APAR ............................................................................................................ 121
Gambar 5.13 Hydrant Box .................................................................................................... 121
Gambar 5.14 Hydrant Pillar .................................................................................................. 122
Gambar 5.15 Kamera CCTV ................................................................................................ 123
Gambar 5.16 Metal Detector ................................................................................................. 124
Gambar 5.17 Metal Security Detector .................................................................................. 124
Gambar 5.18 Tipikal Tangga ................................................................................................ 125
Gambar 5.19 Pegangan Rambat Pada Tangga ...................................................................... 126
Gambar 5.20 Desain Profil Tangag ...................................................................................... 126
Gambar 5.21 Detail Pegangan Rambat Pada Dinding .......................................................... 127
Gambar 5.22 Tipikal Ramp ................................................................................................... 128
Gambar 5.23 Bentuk-bentuk Ramp ...................................................................................... 128
Gambar 5.24 Kemiringan Ramp ........................................................................................... 129
Gambar 5.25 Pegangan Rambat Ramp ................................................................................. 129
Gambar 5.26 Kemiringan Melintang Ramp .......................................................................... 129
Gambar 5.27 Pintu Diujung Ramp ........................................................................................ 130
Gambar 5.28 Ramp Untuk Trotoar ....................................................................................... 130
Gambar 5.29 Detail Ramp Pada Trotoar ............................................................................... 130
Gambar 5.30 Bentuk Ramp Yang Di Rekomendasikan ....................................................... 131
Gambar 5.31 Sistem Penangkal Petir ..................................................................................... 132
Gambar 5.32 Gubahan Massa 1 ............................................................................................. 132
Gambar 5.33 Gubahan Massa 2 ............................................................................................. 133
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