Koine: Mediterranean Studies in Honor of R. Ross Holloway

248 Pages·2009·59.018 MB·English

by  Derek B. Counts, Anthony S. Tuck

KOINE
Mediterranean Studies
in Honor of R. Ross Holloway
edited by
Derek B. Counts and Anthony S. Tuck
Oxbow Books
Oxford and Oakville
Joukowsky Institute Publication 1
General series editor: Prof. John F. Cherry
Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World
Brown University, Box 1837/60 George Street, Providence, RI 0212, USA
Published by
Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK
© Oxbow Books and the individual authors, 2009
Hardback ISBN 978 1 84217 379 4; Digital ISBN 978 1 78297 364 5
Mobi ISBN 978 1 78297 365 2; PDF ISBN 978 1 78297 366 9
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(Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone])
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(Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone])
or from our website
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A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Koine : Mediterranean studies in honor of R. Ross Holloway / edited by Derek B. Counts and Anthony S. Tuck.
p. cm. -- (Joukowsky Institute publication ; 1)
From the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World, Brown University.
ISBN 978-1-84217-379-4
1. Mediterranean Region--Antiquities. I. Counts, Derek B. II. Tuck, Anthony S. III. Holloway, R. Ross, 1934- IV. Brown
University. Artemis A.W. and Martha Sharp Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World.
DE60.K65 2009
938--dc22
2009040534
Cover: Reverse of silver stater (10.82 g) from Cnossus mint (Crete) with stylized representation
of the Labyrinth (ca. 320–270 BC). RISD Museum Inv. No. 40.015.371. Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design.
Museum Appropriation Fund. Photography by Erik Gould.
Printed in Great Britain by
Gomer Press, Llandysul, Wales
Contents
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................v
About the Editors ..................................................................................................................................vi
List of Contributors ..............................................................................................................................vii
The Making of Archaeology at Brown: A Tribute (R. M. Winkes) .......................................................xi
Curriculum vitae of R. Ross Holloway (E. Cova) ..............................................................................xiv
Excavating the Labyrinth: An Archaeology of a Career (D. B. Counts and A. S. Tuck) ...................xxi
SECTION I: A VIEW OF CLASSICAL ART: ICONOGRAPHY IN CONTEXT
Introduction (S. H. Allen) .......................................................................................................................1
1 Early Greek Architectural Decoration in Function (C. Marconi) ...................................................4
2 Ambidexterity in the Tarquinia Krater of the Kleophrades Painter (M. Bell, III) ........................18
3 Orestes in Athens (H. A. Shapiro) .................................................................................................23
4 The Three-Figured Reliefs: Copies or Neoattic Creations? (P. E. Nulton) ...................................30
5 Some Observations on the Flavian Victory Monuments of Rome (J. Magness) .........................35
6 Imperial Triumph and Apotheosis: The Arch of Titus in Rome (N. J. Norman) ..........................41
7 Heaven’s Exarchs: Observations on Early Byzantine Archangels (J. Kenfi eld) ...........................54
SECTION II: CROSSROADS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN:
CULTURAL ENTANGLEMENTS ACROSS THE CONNECTING SEA
Introduction (R. H. Sinos) .....................................................................................................................65
8 The Corrupting Sea and the Hospitable Sea: Some Early Thoughts Toward a Regional
History of the Black Sea (O. P. Doonan) .....................................................................................68
9 Imports, Imitations and Immigrants: A Note on Pithekoussai (A. M. Hussein) ...........................75
10 Between East and West: A New Reconstruction of the Decorated Architrave Frieze
of the Athena Temple at Assos and the Regional Tradition of Unconventional
Architectural Decoration in East Greece (C. Maggidis) ...............................................................78
11 An Etruscan Demon in Pompeii (L. Bonfante) .............................................................................96
iv Contents
12 Refl ections on an Interesting Historical Parallel: The Sikels of Fifth Century BC Sicily
and the Cherokee in Nineteenth Century North America (B. E. McConnell) ............................100
13 The Greek House in Sicily: Infl uence and Innovation in the Hellenistic Period
(B. Tsakirgis) ................................................................................................................................109
SECTION III: COINS AS CULTURE: ART AND COINAGE FROM SICILY
Introduction (C. Arnold-Biucchi) ........................................................................................................123
14 Dating the Period of the “Signing Artists” of Sicilian Coinage (K. Rutter) ...............................125
15 New Coin Types in Late Fifth-Century Sicily (S. Pope) ............................................................131
16 Ancient Sicilian Coins in a Brazilian Private Collection (M. B. Florenzano) ............................138
SECTION IV: DISCOVERY AND DISCOURSE:
ARCHAEOLOGY AND INTERPRETATION
Introduction (D. B. Counts and A. S. Tuck) .......................................................................................143
17 Infi nite Attention to Detail: A Slice of Sicily in the Third and Second Millennia BCE
(S. S. Lukesh) ...............................................................................................................................146
18 The Greek Entablature and Wooden Antecedents (B. A. Barletta) .............................................154
19 Highlights of the Brown University Excavations at the Petra Great Temple (1993–2006)
(M. S. Joukowsky) ........................................................................................................................167
20 The Marbles of Three Mythological Sarcophagi at RISD and of Other Sarcophagi Found
in Central Italy (F. Van Keuren, with P. Gromet) ........................................................................187
21 Women’s Desire, Archaeology, and Feminist Theory (N. B. Kampen) ......................................207
22 From Mazzini to Richard Meier: Archaeology and Urban Ideology in Modern Rome
(S. L. Dyson) ................................................................................................................................216
Acknowledgements
This genesis of this volume can be traced back to a late night conversation on a snow-covered porch in South
Boston in January of 2005. Gainfully employed and established in the fi eld, we set ourselves to the task of
honoring our mutual advisor at Brown’s Center for Old World Archaeology and Art, R. Ross Holloway.
As anyone who has ventured into the abyss of edited volumes can attest, a project such as this can only be
realized through the diligence of colleagues. In that regard, we were particularly fortunate to have a patient and
attentive group of contributors who rode the ebb and fl ow of progress without complaint and responded to our
inquiries promptly. We take this opportunity to thank them for their contributions.
We have benefi ted from the help of numerous people over the last several years, all of whom provided essential
help in preparing, assembling, and producing this volume. The patient, insightful guidance of the editorial staff
of Oxbow Books, including Ian Stevens, Val Lamb, Clare Litt and David Brown, has been deeply appreciated.
The Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World provided generous fi nancial support for the
project and we are pleased to see this volume appear as the fi rst in the Institute’s newly constituted monograph
series; we especially thank Professors John Cherry, editor of the monograph series, and Sue Alcock, director of
the JIAAW for their interest in the project and efforts to see it to completion. In addition, we thank the anonymous
reviewers whose suggestions and comments added considerable strength to the volume.
The onerous task of editing the volume would not have been possible if not for the assistance and talents of
Julia Gaviria, Jennifer Mimno, Katherine P. Iselin, Nevin, Lisa Marie Smith, Elisabetta Cova, and Michele
Kunitz. The cover image, from the fi ne collections of ancient art housed in the Museum of Art of the Rhode
Island School of Design, was generously provided by Gina Borromeo, with the assistance of Melody Ennis.
We would also like to thank the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Department of Art History and the
University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Classics, as well as our respective Deans, for constant
academic and fi nancial support throughout this project.
Finally, we recognize the unwavering support of our respective families and proudly dedicate the volume to
our children, who provided both levity and laughter along the way.
About the Editors
Derek B. Counts is Associate Professor of Classical Art and Archaeology in the Department of Art History at
the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Under the mentorship and guidance of R. Ross Holloway, he received
his Ph.D. in Old World Archaeology and Art from Brown University; he holds additional degrees in Classics
from Davidson College (A.B.) and the University of Georgia (M.A.). Counts is Associate Director of the Athienou
Archaeological Project at the site of Athienou-Malloura in Cyprus, where he has been excavating for the last
fi fteen years. He has published extensively on the archaeology of cult in Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean
during the fi rst millennium BCE, with a particular emphasis on Cypriote votive sculpture and its associated
iconography. His current research explores divine representation in Cypriote sanctuaries. At present, he is
preparing a monograph that considers the intersection of cult and cultural identity in the formation of communities
using a broad theoretical model largely informed by postcolonial critiques of culture contact. His research and
excavations have been funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Science Foundation
and he serves on the editorial boards of the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research and the Cahier
du Centre d’Études Chypriotes.
Anthony S. Tuck is Assistant Professor of Classical Archaeology in the Department of Classics at the University
of Massachusetts Amherst. He received his Ph.D. from Brown University under the direction of R. Ross Holloway,
studying issues related to Etruscan burial practices. Today, Tuck is the Director of excavations at the site of
Poggio Civitate, an Etruscan site spanning the dynamic years of the 8th through 6th centuries BCE. He publishes
on a range of issues related to the social development and burial practices of the Iron Age and early Etruscan
periods and recently completed a volume examining the tombs of the necropolis of Poggio Civitate, Poggio
Aguzzo. He also supervised the construction of a comprehensive, publically available digital archive of all
materials related to the history of excavations at Poggio Civitate. In addition to his work in early Italy, he also
studies the ancient phenomenon of songs that encode information related to patterns in textile production of
Central Asia and Western Europe. His is a co-founder of the University of Massachusetts Amherst’s Center for
Etruscan Studies and is the Co-Editor of the on-line journal, Rasenna. He also serves on the advisory board of
the Etruscan Foundation and on the editorial board of the Foundation’s journal, Etruscan Studies.
List of Contributors
Susan Heuck Allen earned an A.B. in History from Smith College Malcolm Bell, III is Professor Greek Art and Archaeology at the
and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Classical Archaeology from the University of Virginia. He has served as Professor-in-charge at the
University of Cincinnati and Brown University, respectively. She American Academy in Rome, as Andrew W. Mellon Professor at
teaches at Smith College and is a visiting Scholar at Brown the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts at the National
University. She has excavated in Greece, Cyprus, and Israel and Gallery of Art, and since 1980 as director or co-director of the
swam the Hellespont, from Asia to Europe in 1997. She chairs the U.S. excavations at Morgantina in Sicily. He has written on Greek
Archives and the Women in Archaeology Committees of the painting, sculpture, and architecture, and maintains an interest in
Archaeological Institute of America. Her research focuses on the Greek terracottas. He is preparing studies of the agora and city
history of archaeology and the classical tradition. In 1999, she plan of Morgantina, and of Thomas Jefferson’s collaboration with
published Finding the Walls of Troy (University of California Benjamin Henry Latrobe in the designing of the University of
Press); an edited volume, Excavating Our Past (AIA, 2002), Virginia.
examines the history of the AIA. Other areas of research concern 433 North First Street Charlottesville, VA 22902
the Hellespont through history, pioneering American women in [email protected]
archaeology, and American archaeologists of the OSS Greek Desk
in World War II, the subject of her next book.
Larissa Bonfante is Professor Emerita of Classics, at New York
[email protected]
University. She is the editor of Etruscan Life and Afterlife (Wayne
State University Press, 1986) and The World of Roman Costume
Carmen Arnold-Biucchi is curator of numismatic collections at
(University of Wisconsin Press, 1994). Her publications also include
the Harvard Art Museum and Lecturer on the Classics. Previously
Etruscan Mirrors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (L’Erma di
she worked for the Editorial Center of the Lexikon Iconographicum
Bretschneider, 1997), Etruscan Myths (University of Texas Press,
Mythologiae Classicae in Basle, Switzerland and for many years
2006), and the forthcoming Images and Translations, Greek,
was the Margaret Thompson curator of Greek coins at The
Etruscan and Barbarian (The Jerome Lectures). With her father,
American Numismatic Society in New York. Her publica tions
the linguist Giuliano Bonfante, she is the author of The Etruscan
include entries for the LIMC, articles on Sicilian and Hellenistic
Language. An Introduction (second edition, Manchester University
numismatics, The Randazzo Hoard 1980 and Sicilian Chronology
Press, 2002). She is a member of the Istituto di Studi Etruschi, the
(Numismatic Studies 18, New York, 1990), Alexander’s Coins and
Archaeological Institute of America, the German Archae ological
Alexander’s Image (Cambridge, MA 2006).
Institute, and the American Philosophical Society.
Harvard Art Museum, Arthur M. Sackler Museum Department of
New York University Silver Center #503 New York NY 10003
Ancient and Byzantine Art and Numismatics, 12 Quincy Street
[email protected]
Cambridge, MA 02138
[email protected]
Elisabetta Cova is Assistant Professor of Classics in the Depart-
Barbara A. Barletta is a Professor of Ancient Art History at the ment of Foreign Languages and Linguistics at the University of
University of Florida. She has long been interested in the Greeks Wisconsin-Milwaukee. She graduated in ‘Lettere Classiche’ from
of southern Italy and Sicily. Her fi rst book, Ionic Infl uence in the University of Bologna (Italy) with a thesis on Roman domestic
Archaic Sicily: The Monumental Art was published by Studies in architecture and received her Master of Philosophy in Archaeology
Mediterranean Archaeology (Paul Åströms Förlag, 1983). Since at the University of Cambridge (UK). Her research interests include
then, she has continued to explore both sculpture and architecture Pompeii and the Roman domus; she is currently working on a
in this region. Her second book, The Origins of the Greek monograph on the alae of Pompeian houses. She is also a senior
Architectural Orders (Cambridge University Press, 2001), examined staff member of the Athienou Archaeological Project (AAP) in
architecture in a regional manner, but throughout the Greek world. Athienou, Cyprus, where she is charged with the publication of
More recently, she has focused on fi fth-century Athens and is the late Roman/early Byzantine settlement, as well as a small
currently working on the publication of the Temple of Athena at corpus of inscriptions excavated from the sanctuary nearby.
Sounion. Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics/Classics, PO
School of Art and Art History P.O. Box 115801 University of Box 413, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 53201
barletta@ufl .edu [email protected]
viii Contributors
Owen Doonan is Associate Professor of Art History at California Angela Murock Hussein is a consultant for research and
State University, Northridge. Doonan is an archaeologist and publications at the Supreme Council for Antiquities in Egypt. She
ancient art historian specializing in the cultures of the Mediter- received her Ph.D. in Old World Archaeology from Brown
ranean and the Black Sea. He focused on early Sicilian Architecture University in 2004. Her research interests focus on the interregional
and society in his Ph.D., under Holloway, at Brown University’s interaction among the cultures of the Ancient Eastern Mediter-
Center for Old World Archaeology and Art in 1993. He became ranean and North Africa. She taught at a number of Universities
interested in Turkey and the Black Sea while teaching Archaeology and colleges in the Northeast. She is currently on the publication
and Art History at Bilkent University in Turkey. Since 1996 he team of the Minoan site of Mochlos, Crete and is pursuing research
has led the Sinop Regional Archaeological Project, the land survey on Egyptian trade contacts with the Mediterranean.
and excavation component of the Black Sea Trade Project. His Supreme Council for Antiquities, 3 El Adl Abu Bakr St., Zamalek,
book Sinop Landscapes: Exploring Connection in the Hinterland Cairo, Egypt
of a Black Sea Port was published in 2004 by the University of [email protected]
Pennsylvania Museum Press.
Program in Art History, Art Department, California State Univer- Martha Sharp Joukowsky is Professor Emerita of Old World
sity, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA 91330–8300 Archaeology and Art and Anthropology at Brown University. She
[email protected] is a veteran of 40 years of archaeological fi eldwork in Lebanon,
Turkey, Greece, Italy, Hong Kong, and currently at the Petra Great
Stephen L. Dyson is Park Professor of Classics at the University Temple, Jordan, which she rediscovered in 1993. She has published
at Buffalo and past president of the Archaeological Institute of 200+ articles and nine books, including the Petra Great Temple,
America. He received a B.A. at Brown University, a Diploma in Volume II, Brown University Excavations 1993–2007 (Petra
Classical Archaeology at Oxford, and an M.A. and Ph.D. at Yale. Exploration Fund, 2007). She was president of the Archaeological
His research areas include the Roman Countryside, the Develop- Institute of America and vice-president of the American Schools
ment of the Roman Frontier, the City of Rome, and the History of Oriental Research. Joukowsky has received numerous awards
of Classical Archaeology. His books include The Creation of the from the World Monuments Fund, the National Science Foundation,
Roman Frontier (Princeton University Press, 1985), Community Brown University’s President’s and Rosenberger Medals, and the
and Society in Roman Italy (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), King Hussein Medal.
Ancient Marbles to American Shores (University of Pennsylvania
5061 Cotton Valley, Christiansted, VI 00820, USA
Press, 1998), The Roman Countryside (Duckworth, 2003), and In
[email protected]
Pursuit of Ancient Pasts (Yale University Press, 2006).
341 MFAC, Classic Department University at Buffalo Buffalo, Natalie Kampen recently retired as Barbara Novak Professor of
N.Y. 14260 Art History at Barnard College. She completed a Ph.D. in Art
[email protected] History with Ross Holloway and Rolf Winkes at Brown and has
taught in the fi eld and in Women’s Studies at the University of
Maria Beatriz Borba Florenzano is Professor of Classical Rhode Island, and at Barnard College and Columbia University
Archaeology at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. She has written since 1969. Her work has concentrated on the sculpture of the
on Greek numismatics and on the role of coinage in ancient Roman Empire with occasional diversions in the art of other periods
economies. She is currently engaged in studies of the ancient Greek in the West. Her most recent book is Family Fictions in Roman
city and is director of the Labeca, laboratory for the study of the Art (Cambridge University Press, 2009). She retired in the winter
ancient city at the Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, University of 2009 and hopes to write on Roman provincial art in the
of São Paulo, Brazil (www.mae.usp.br/labeca). future.
Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia. University of São Paulo, Brazil, 49 Shadow Farm Way Wakefi eld, RI 02879
Av. Professor Almeida Prado, 1466, Cidade Universitária, 05508– [email protected]
900 S.P., S.P., Brasil
fl [email protected] John Kenfi eld is Associate Professor Art History at Rutgers
University, where he has taught since 1971. Kenfi eld received his
L. Peter Gromet is an Associate Professor in the Department of B.A. in Classics with honors (1966), as one of Holloway’s fi rst
Geological Sciences at Brown University. He earned a B.S. from students. Again following Holloway’s lead, Kenfi eld received
SUNY Stony Brook (1972) and a Ph.D. from the California Institute graduate training in Classical Archaeology at Princeton University,
of Technology (1979) in the fi elds of geology and geochemistry. studying with E. Sjoqvist, K. Weitzman, H. Thompson, D.
He became acquainted with the archaeological community through Thompson, E. Harrison, R. Stillwell and T. Leslie Shear, Jr. His
interactions with Frances Van Keuren, and has greatly enjoyed early publications range from an examination of early Greek armor
contributing geological and mineralogical observations to marble as sculpture to the iconography of the 4th cent. A.D. New Catacomb
and limestone provenance determinations. He is delighted to have on the Via Latina in Rome. Kenfi eld co-directed excavations of a
this opportunity to participate in a volume honoring Brown Roman courtyard villa at Castle Copse in Wiltshire and published
colleague R. Ross Holloway. its mosaics and wall paintings. Kenfi eld is a recipient of the Rome
Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Prize at the American Academy in Rome. His current research
RI USA 02906 interests include archaic terracotta architectural sculpture at
[email protected] Morgantina and elsewhere.
Contributors ix
Department of Art History, Rutgers University, Voorhees Hall, 71 the Director of the Institute of Fine Arts Excavations on the
Hamilton Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Akropolis of Selinunte. His last two books are Greek Painted
john.kenfi [email protected] Pottery: Images, Contexts, and Controversies (Brill, 2004) and
Temple Decoration and Cultural Identity in the Archaic Greek
Susan S. Lukesh started excavating with Holloway in the early World (Cambridge University Press, 2007).
1970s as a graduate student and continued to work with him on Institute of Fine Arts - NYU, 1 East 78th Street, New York, NY 10021
all subsequent excavations up to his retirement. Her interests in [email protected]
pottery and pottery design as well as artifact record keeping
informed her subsequent work in record management, image Brian E. McConnell is Associate Professor of Art History and
handling and computer efforts in general. Her pursuit of an Classical Archaeology, Department of Visual Arts & Art History
M.L.S. was specifi cally driven by evolving scholarly communi- at Florida Atlantic University. He holds degrees in Classical
cation, especially how the Internet and digital communication are Archaeology from Dartmouth College and Brown University. He
changing the way the academic community functions. Today she has worked extensively in Sicily as an external collaborator of the
oversees faculty affairs for the Middle East campus of Weill Soprintendenze at Agrigento and now Catania on projects relating
Cornell Medical College in Qatar, a location that allows ready to pre- and proto-historic, Classical, and later antiquity. The present
access to parts of the world that have held great interest since contribution represents a gelling of experience in the Mediterranean
graduate school. and an avid interest in the archaeology of North America, which
[email protected] stems from fi eldwork in the territory of Mineo (Catania). At FAU,
Dr. McConnell teaches a range of topics that integrate ancient and
Christofi lis Maggidis is the Chr. Roberts Associate Professor of more recent art, as well as visual and other media.
Archaeology at Dickinson College and Field Director/Assistant Department of Visual Arts & Art History, School of the Arts,
to the Director of excavations at Mycenae. He received his B.A. Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts & Letters, Florida Atlantic
from Athens University (Greece) in 1988 and his Ph.D. from the University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431
University of Pennsylvania in 1999. From 1997–1999, he was [email protected]
a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for Old World Archaeology
and Art at Brown University. He is an active fi eld archaeologist Naomi J. Norman is the Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal
with long fi eld experience (Thera, Idaean Cave and Archanes in of Archaeology and Associate Professor of Classics in the
Crete, Glas, and Mycenae) and has received several honorary Department of Classics at the University of Georgia. She is a
distinctions, fellowships, and research grants. His publications specialist in Greek architecture and Roman Carthage where she
comprise fi fteen articles in Prehistoric Aegean and Classical has directed excavations since 1982. Her most recent project is
archaeology and three forthcoming books. He has presented papers the excavation of the Yasmina cemetery. These projects have
at many international conferences and has given invited lectures focused on the southwest quadrant of the Roman city – an area of
all over the world. the city which is dominated by two public entertainment complexes,
Keck Archaeology Lab, Department of Archaeology, 10 Dickinson the Roman circus and amphitheater – and have enlarged our
Ave., P.O. Box 1773, Dickinson College, Carlisle PA 17013, understanding of that district of the city. She is currently writing
U.S.A. a book on the archaeology of Roman Carthage and is working on
[email protected] publishing the results of the Yasmina excavation project.
Department of Classics, Park Hall, University of Georgia, Athens
Jodi Magness is the Kenan Distinguished Professor for Teaching GA 30602–6203
Excellence in Early Judaism in the Department of Religious Studies [email protected]
at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She received
her B.A. in Archaeology and History from the Hebrew University Peter Nulton teaches in the Department of the History of Art and
of Jerusalem and Ph.D. in Classical Archaeology from the Visual Culture at the Rhode Island School of Design. He received
University of Pennsylvania. Magness’ books include The Archae- his B.A. in Classical Languages and Art History at Fordham
ology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls (Eerdmans, 2002), The University, and completed his doctorate in 2000 under Holloway
Archae ology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine (Eisen- at the Center for Old World Archaeology at Brown University. His
brauns, 2003), Debating Qumran: Collected Essays on Its Archae- book, The Sanctuary of Apollo Hypoakraios and Imperial Athens,
ology (Peeters, 2004), and Jerusalem Ceramic Chronology circa was published by the Center for Old World Archaeology and Art
200–800 C.E. (Sheffi eld Academic Press, 1993). She currently in 2003. He is an alumnus of the American School of Classical
co-directs excavations in the late Roman fort at Yotvata, Israel. Studies in Athens and a former Fulbright Fellow.
Department of Religious Studies CB #3225 University of North History of Art and Visual Culture, Rhode Island School of Design,
Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599–3225 2 College St., Providence, RI 02903
[email protected] [email protected]
Clemente Marconi is the James R. McCredie Professor of Greek Spencer Pope is an Assistant Professor in the Department of
Art and Archaeology and University Professor at the Institute of Classics at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. His research
Fine Arts of New York University. Among his areas of interest are interests include Greek Colonization and acculturation in Western
the Art and Archaeology of Ancient South Italy and Sicily. He is Greece, Greek Urbanism and Greek Numismatics. He has exca-