Knowledge-Based Economic Policy Development in the Arab World

463 Pages·2014·5.575 MB·English

by  Ahmed Driouchi (editor)

Knowledge-Based
Economic Policy
Development in the Arab
World
Ahmed Driouchi
Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
A volume in the Advances in Finance,
Accounting, and Economics (AFAE) Book
Series
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Knowledge-based economic policy development in the Arab world / Ahmed Driouchi, editor.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4666-5210-1 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-4666-5211-8 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-4666-5213-2 (print & perpetual
access) 1. Knowledge economy--Arab countries. 2. Economic development projects--Arab countries. 3. Economic
development--Arab countries. 4. Arab countries--Economic conditions. I. Driouchi, Ahmed, 1948-
HD30.2.K63617 2014
338.9’2609174927--dc23
2013044806

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2327-5677; eISSN: 2327-5685)
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Advances in Finance,
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Economics (AFAE)
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Ahmed Driouchi
Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
ISSN: 2327-5677
EISSN: 2327-5685
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Editorial Advisory Board
Cristina Boboc, Bucharest University, Romania
Mongi Boughzala, University Tunis Al Manar, Tunisia
Abdelkader Djeflat, University of Lille, France
Ahmed Ghonein, University of Cairo, Egypt
Samir Makdisi, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Daniel Pele, Bucharest University, Romania
Jean Louis Reffeirs, FEMISE, France & Institut de la Méditerranée, France
Emilia Titan, Bucharest University, Romania
List of Reviewers
Amale Achehboune, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Lamiaa Bargache, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Ghita Bentouila, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Hajar Bousfiha, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Jan Guynes Clark, University of Texas – San Antonio, USA
Hajar El Alouani, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Fatim Zohra Filali, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Alae Gamar, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Molk Kadiri, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Nisrine Oueriaghli, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Nada Zouag, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Table of Contents
Foreword...............................................................................................................................................xv
Preface.................................................................................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgment...............................................................................................................................xxiii
Section 1
Introduction and Methods
Chapter 1
Knowledge.Economy.in.the.Arab.World:.Towards.New.Economic.Development.Policies...................1
Ahmed Driouchi, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 2
Why.a.Benchmarking.with.EEE.Countries?..........................................................................................22
Cristina Boboc, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Emilia Titan, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Section 2
The Overall Characterization of Knowledge Economy in Arab and EEE Countries
Chapter 3
School.Attainment,.Knowledge.Economy.in.Arab.Countries,.and.Comparisons.with.EEE
Economies..............................................................................................................................................44
Ghita Bentouila, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Alae Gamar, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 4
The.Situation.of.Knowledge.Economy.in.the.Arab.and.EEE.Regions..................................................85
Daniel Pele, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Chapter 5
Knowledge,.Local.Development,.and.Urbanization.in.Arab.Economies............................................104
Nada Zouag, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Ahmed Driouchi, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 6
How.Local.Development.is.Achieved.in.Relation.to.Knowledge.in.EEE.Countries..........................124
Cristina Boboc, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Emilia Titan, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Section 3
Production, Trade, and Employment
Chapter 7
Production,.Trade,.Knowledge.Economy,.and.ICTs.in.Arab.Countries..............................................147
Nada Zouag, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Amale Achehboune, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 8
The.Oil.and.Gas.Sectors,.Renewable.Energy,.and.Environmental.Performance.in.the.Arab
World....................................................................................................................................................172
Hajar El Alouani, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Ahmed Driouchi, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 9
Harnessing.Knowledge.for.Sustainable.Development:.Challenges.and.Opportunities.for.Arab.
Countries..............................................................................................................................................229
Abdelkader Djeflat, Université de Lille 1, France
Chapter 10
Intellectual.Property.Rights,.Innovation,.and.Knowledge.Economy.in.Arab.Countries.....................245
Nada Zouag, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Molk Kadiri, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 11
Unemployment.Persistence,.Risks.of.Skill.Obsolescence,.and.Impacts.on.the.Knowledge
Economy.in.Arab.Countries.................................................................................................................273
Amale Acheboune, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Ahmed Driouchi, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 12
Education.Attainment.and.Feminization.of.Labor.Markets.in.Arab.Countries.with.Comparisons
to.Eastern.and.Central.European.Countries.........................................................................................292
Fatima-Zohra Filali Adib, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Amale Achehboune, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Section 4
Economic and Social Policies for Harnessing Knowledge for Development of the Arab World
Chapter 13
Rents.from.Natural.Resources.and.Relations.to.Knowledge.Economy.in.Arab.Countries.................313
Ahmed Driouchi, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 14
Doing.Business.and.Imperfections.in.the.Development.of.Knowledge.Economy.in.the.Arab
Countries..............................................................................................................................................335
Ahmed Driouchi, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 15
Knowledge.Governance.and.Economic.Growth.in.Arab.Countries....................................................364
Antonio Rodriguez Andrès, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Chapter 16
Policy.Outcomes.and.What.Can.be.Learned.by.Arab.Countries.from.EEE.Economies.....................394
Cristina Boboc, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Emilia Titan, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Compilation of References................................................................................................................411
About the Contributors.....................................................................................................................433
Index....................................................................................................................................................437
Detailed Table of Contents
Foreword...............................................................................................................................................xv
Preface.................................................................................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgment...............................................................................................................................xxiii
Section 1
Introduction and Methods
Chapter 1
Knowledge.Economy.in.the.Arab.World:.Towards.New.Economic.Development.Policies...................1
Ahmed Driouchi, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
This.chapter.introduces.the.content.of.the.overall.book.and.its.relations.to.similar.publications.on.the.
knowledge.economy.in.Arab.countries..It.is.composed.of.two.major.parts,.where.the.first.one.is.a.syn-
thesis.of.the.publications.realized.up.to.2013.with.emphasis.on.the.major.economic.and.development.
issues.facing.the.economies.of.the.Arab.world..The.second.part.introduces.the.rationale.of.the.book,.the.
new.areas.investigated.besides.the.methods.used.and.the.expected.policy.outcomes..This.book.places.a.
major.emphasis.on.the.need.to.accelerate.the.implementation.of.new.economic.and.social.policies.that.
are.likely.to.be.enhancing.the.contributions.of.the.knowledge.economy.to.a.more.inclusive.economic.
growth.and.development.
Chapter 2
Why.a.Benchmarking.with.EEE.Countries?..........................................................................................22
Cristina Boboc, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Emilia Titan, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
This.is.a.chapter.that.introduces.the.major.arguments.for.selecting.EEE.countries.for.comparisons.with.
Arab.economies..The.focus.is.placed.on.the.neighborhood,.with.the.European.Union.and.the.similarities.
related.to.the.transition.processes.experienced.by.EEE.countries.while.moving.form.centralized.and.
administrated.to.open.and.market-driven.economies..The.series.of.international.collaborative.frameworks.
developed.with.the.EU,.with.Arab.countries,.and.within.the.Mediterranean.region.are.also.among.the.
reasons.behind.selecting.the.comparisons.between.Arab.and.EEE.economies.
Section 2
The Overall Characterization of Knowledge Economy in Arab and EEE Countries
Chapter 3
School.Attainment,.Knowledge.Economy.in.Arab.Countries,.and.Comparisons.with.EEE
Economies..............................................................................................................................................44
Ghita Bentouila, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Alae Gamar, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
The.most.important.avenues.emphasized.in.this.chapter.relate.to.the.progress.in.school.attainment.as.an.
important.indicator.of.the.knowledge.position.of.a.country..The.descriptive.statistical.analyses.besides.
other.assessments.are.devoted.to.show.the.pertinence.and.the.importance.of.education.attainment..Barro.
and.Lee.1950-2010.data.are.used.in.this.chapter..The.opportunities.lost.with.the.low.level.of.school.
attainment.are.introduced.and.discussed..The.relatively.slow.speed.of.recovery.in.schooling.is.already.
expressed.by.the.lowest.knowledge.performances.achieved.between.the.economies.of.North.Africa,.
Sudan,.Yemen,.and.the.Gulf.countries..In.addition,.the.description.has.shown.a.higher.attainment.in.
schooling.of.EEE.economies.in.comparison.to.Arab.countries.
Chapter 4
The.Situation.of.Knowledge.Economy.in.the.Arab.and.EEE.Regions..................................................85
Daniel Pele, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
This.chapter.introduces.different.knowledge.components.and.indices.and.attempts.to.show.their.impacts.
on.different.economic.and.development.indicators.with.focus.on.EEE.and.Arab.economies..It.uses.mainly.
descriptive.statistics.and.regression.analysis.to.globally.assess.these.performances..The.sets.of.data.used.
for.EEE.show.already.the.data.limitations.faced.by.Arab.economies.
Chapter 5
Knowledge,.Local.Development,.and.Urbanization.in.Arab.Economies............................................104
Nada Zouag, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
Ahmed Driouchi, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco
In.the.absence.of.local.knowledge.measures,.this.chapter.looks.at.how.local.universities.and.research.
centers.could.explain.the.potential.for.local.development.in.territorial.communities..This.chapter.also.
assesses.the.links.between.urbanization.and.development..It.is.mainly.based.on.the.review.of.literature,.
descriptive.statistics,.and.regression.analysis.using.data.on.local.development,.urbanization,.global.
knowledge.measures,.and.human.development.indices..The.focus.here.is.on.Arab.economies..The.cur-
rent.situation.and.development.prospects.are.discussed.in.relation.to.the.role.of.knowledge.economy.
in.local.development.but.also.in.further.urbanization..Smart,.livable,.and.inclusive.cities.are.discussed.
Chapter 6
How.Local.Development.is.Achieved.in.Relation.to.Knowledge.in.EEE.Countries..........................124
Cristina Boboc, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Emilia Titan, Bucharest University of Economics, Romania
Local.and.regional.development.is.an.increasingly.important.issue.for.researchers.and.politicians..The.
challenge.of.enhancing.prosperity,.improving.wellbeing,.and.increasing.living.standards.has.become.
acute.for.localities.and.regions.with.developing.economies..Moreover,.questions.about.the.implications.