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Knowing and Being in Ancient Philosophy PDF

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Knowing and Being in Ancient Philosophy Edited by daniel bloom laurence bloom miriam byrd Knowing and Being in Ancient Philosophy Daniel Bloom • Laurence Bloom Miriam Byrd Editors Knowing and Being in Ancient Philosophy Editors Daniel Bloom Laurence Bloom Department of English, Philosophy Department of Philosophy and Modern Languages Rhodes University West Texas A&M University Grahamstown, South Africa Canyon, TX, USA Miriam Byrd Department of Philosophy and Humanities The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, TX, USA ISBN 978-3-030-98903-3 ISBN 978-3-030-98904-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98904-0 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland A cknowledgments We wish to express our gratitude to Nicholas Marshall, Graham Schuster, Jeffrey Doty and Anna Bloom-Christen for their editing work, to Slavka Halper for getting the ball rolling on this project, and to Aaron Halper for putting us in touch with our publisher at Palgrave Macmillan. We are also grateful to the English, Philosophy, and Modern Languages Departments at West Texas A&M University for their generous financial support through the Urban Fund. v c ontents 1 Introduction 1 Daniel Bloom and Laurence Bloom Section I Knowing and Being 9 2 In What Ways Are the Souls of Human Beings Immortal According to Plato? 11 Luc Brisson 3 One and Many in Plato’s Metaphysics 19 William H. F. Altman 4 Sensibles as Me Onta: The Harmony of Sophist and Timaeus 43 Richard Patterson 5 Syllogisms: In Theory and Practice 49 Lenn E. Goodman 6 Monism, Metaphysics, and Paradox 73 Owen Goldin 7 Understanding the Image of the Sun: Aristotle, Descartes, and Spinoza on Imagination 97 Nastassja Pugliese vii viii CONTENTS 8 Moving Naturally for Aristotle, Laozi, and Zhuangzi 123 May Sim 9 Parmenides 143d–144a and the Pebble-A rithmetical Representation of Number 149 Mitchell Miller Section II Goodness as Knowing How to Be 167 10 VIRTUE AND SELF-RESTRAINT: Maimonides’ Dialogue with Aristotle in Eight Chapters 169 Ronna Burger 11 Socrates’ Failures and their Implications for Moral Psychology in the Early Dialogues 189 Miriam Byrd 12 Pleasure, Pain, Calm, and the Philosophical Life 205 Richard D. Parry 13 Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Socrates on Justice 221 Roslyn Weiss 14 A Reading of the First Book of the Republic: A Look to the Whole 237 Chad Wiener 15 Popper’s Plato Revisited 251 John Rist Publications of Edward Charles Halper 283 Index 289 n c otes on ontributors William H. F. Altman, a retired public high school teacher, overlapped with Edward Halper at the University of Toronto in the late 1970s. He is the author of a five-volume study of Plato’s dialogues (2012–2020) and other studies in ancient and modern philosophy. Daniel Bloom is Associate Professor of Philosophy at West Texas A&M University. He began teaching at WTAMU in 2014 after completing his graduate studies at the University of Georgia under the supervision of Edward Halper. His research is primarily in Ancient Western Philosophy. He is the author of The Unity of Oneness and Plurality in Plato’s Theaetetus (2015). Laurence Bloom is a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Rhodes University in Makhanda, South Africa. He completed a PhD under the supervision of Professor Halper in 2010. Although he publishes primarily on Plato, his philosophical interests extend throughout the history of philosophy. His recent book The Principle of Non-contradiction in Plato’s Republic: An Argument for Form (2017) argues for a reading of the Republic that looks after an underlying noetic unity pointed to by the text’s diano- etic argumentation—in particular, in Socrates’ division of the soul. Luc Brisson, Director of Research [Emeritus] at the National Center for Scientific Research (Paris [Villejuif], France; Centre Jean Pépin, UMR 8230 CNRS-ENS, PSL), is known for his works on both Plato and Plotinus, including bibliographies, translations, and commentaries. He has also published numerous works on the history of philosophy and religions in Antiquity. ix x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Ronna Burger is Catherine & Henry J. Gaisman Chair, Professor of Philosophy and Affiliate Professor of Jewish Studies at Tulane University, where she has been teaching since 1980, after receiving her PhD in Philosophy from the New School for Social Research. Burger is the author of Aristotle’s Dialogue with Socrates: On the Nicomachean Ethics, as well as books on Plato’s Phaedo, Phaedrus, and a monograph On the Euthyphro. Along with numerous articles on Greek philosophy, she has written on Maimonides Guide of the Perplexed I.2 (in Political Philosophy Cross- Examined, 2013), the Book of Esther (in Writing The Poetic Soul of Philosophy, 2020) and “the female drama” in the Book of Genesis (in Athens, Arden, Jerusalem, 2017). In addition to seminars and public lectures on Plato and Aristotle, she teaches a series of courses on “Bible and Philosophy” and has spoken at various campuses and con- ferences on biblical themes and figures. Miriam Byrd is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas at Arlington. She completed her dissertation under Edward Halper’s supervision in 2001 and specializes in ancient philosophy. Her publica- tions include journal articles and book chapters, mainly on Plato, and her current research interests are Plato’s method of hypothesis, mathematical intermediates, and moral psychology in the early dialogues. Owen Goldin is Professor of Philosophy at Marquette University. He has written mostly on ancient philosophy. He is the author of Explaining an Eclipse: Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics 2 8–10 (University of Michigan Press, 1996) and a number of articles on the Pesocratics, Plato, Aristotle, and Hellenistic philosophers. He is the translator of Philoponus (?): On Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 2 (London, Duckworth Press, 2009), and, with Marije Martijn, of Philoponus: On Aristotle, Posterior Analytics I. 19–31 (Bristol, Bristol Classical Press), 2012. He has also published in the areas of Jewish philosophy, social philoso- phy, and metaphysics. Lenn E. Goodman is Professor of Philosophy and Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities at Vanderbilt University. He publishes widely in Jewish, Islamic, and general philosophy. His writings on Aristotle include the chapters on Aristotle in Aristotle’s Politics Today and in Consciousness in the Great Philosophers and on the challenge of the Diodorean modalities. He has also written extensively on Aristotelian vir- tue ethics. His recent books include The Holy One of Israel, Religious NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xi Pluralism and Values in the Public Sphere, Coming to Mind: The Soul and its Body, and his Gifford Lectures: Love Thy Neighbor as Thyself. Mitchell Miller is Dexter Ferry Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Vassar College. He works in the history of philosophy, ranging from the Presocratics and Plato and Aristotle to late medieval philosophy, Descartes and Leibniz, and nineteenth- and twentieth-century continental philoso- phy. He has published two books on Plato, Plato’s Parmenides: The Conversion of the Soul (Princeton 1986, Penn State ppk 1991) and The Philosopher in Plato’s Statesman (Martinus Nijhoff 1980, reissued with “Dialectical Education and Unwritten Teachings in Plato’s Statesman,” Parmenides Publishing 2004), a number of essays on Plato, and studies of Hesiod, Parmenides, and Hegel. His most recent work concentrates on the Philebus, the “so-called unwritten teachings” of Plato, and, as the larger context for these studies, the notion of “the longer way” to the dialectical study of the Good and a “more precise grasp” of the city, the soul, and (he argues) the cosmos that Plato has Socrates project at Republic 435c-d and 504b-e. Richard  D.  Parry is the Fuller E.  Callaway Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, having taught at Agnes Scott College for thirty-nine years. In the Atlanta area, he also conducted graduate seminars on Aristotle and Plato at Emory University and Georgia State University. In 1987–88, he worked at the National Endowment for the Humanities, Washington, DC, as a humanities administrator. Since retiring in 2006, he has been involved in the work of the International Plato Society, where he now serves as vice president. His publications include Plato’s Craft of Justice (1996) and many articles, mostly on Plato’s moral psychology. Richard Patterson is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy and Ancient Mediterranean Studies at Emory University. He is the author of Image and Reality in Plato’s Metaphysics, Aristotle’s Modal Logic, and a (to be published someday) commentary on Plato’s Parmenides, along with assorted articles in ancient philosophy and (with coauthors), in cognitive science. Nastassja Pugliese is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the Faculty of Education at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Professor of the Graduate Program in Logic and Metaphysics and of the Graduate Program in Education at the same university. Pugliese holds a PhD from the University of Georgia where she was advised by Dr. Halper on a the-

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