Knights of Malta; Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem PDF
Preview Knights of Malta; Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem
iiiiiniii *,r I 111 ftu I :i'!,r,] iiiiii" PISH iijii !ni; 1 ,„.,. ill 111 I in lib i;4! ^P^ $® I ,. i i ii:i.:;i:i;.!.i ,vi'i' THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA, OR THE ORDER OF JOHN OF JERUSALEM. ST. BY WHITWORTH PORTER, MAJOR-GENERAL, ROYAL ENGINEERS. TlIIRD EDITION. LONDON : SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., STATIONERS' HALL COURT, E.C. 1884. 119390 ex PREFACE Che first edition of this work, published in October, 1858, vas the result of two years' close and careful study of the irchives of Malta, placed at my disposal by the late Sir William Eeid, then Governor of the island. Exactly i quarter of a century later, I brought out a second and jnuch amplified edition, embodying all the additional information that I had been able during those years to 3ollect. Whilst this was steadily passing into the hands Eow of the public, the great Paternoster fire of April last destroyed almost all that was left unsold. I have decided on taking the opportunity thus afforded to produce a third edition, which, I trust, may prove more attractive to the general reader than the portly volume which has passed through the flames. Students of the history of the Order are still referred to that work for the more minute details it contains, whilst those who would be deterred from its perusal by its size and costliness, will find all the more interesting portions reproduced in the present handier volume. September, 1884, ———— CONTENTS CHAPTER I. 1099—1160. PAGE — )evelopment of chivalry Condition of Palestine prior to the first — — Crusade Establishment of the Hospital of St. John Capture — of Jerusalem by the Crusaders Foundation of the Order of — St. John Death of Gerard and election of Raymond du Puy — Military constitution of the Order Regulations for its estab- — — lishment Admission of candidates Establishment of com- — — manderies Regulations respecting dress Foundation of the — — Templars and Order of St. Lazarus Loss of Edessa Siege — — and capture of Ascalon Jealousies of the clergy Death of — Raymond du Puy Description of the present state of the ruins of the Hospital at Jerusalem 1 CHAPTER II. 1160—1291. — Expedition into Egypt, and death of D'Ascali Rise of Saladin — — Dissensions in the kingdom Battle of Tiberias Loss of Jeru- — — salem Its main causes Establishment of the Hospital at — Margat Retirement of the ladies of the Order to Europe — — The third Crusade Siege and capture of Acre Alfonso of — Portugal Dissensions between the Hospitallers and Templars — Andrew, king of Hungary, admitted into the Order Fifth — — Crusade Its failure Coronation of the emperor Frederic at — — — Jerusalem The Korasmins Battle of Gaza Reforms in the — — Order Crusades of St. Louis Sanguinary combat between the — — Hospitallers and Templars Loss of Margat Siege and fall of Acre 35 — — VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER III. 1291—1365. PAG — Establishment of the Order in Cyprus Its first naval armaments— — Project for the capture of Rhodes Death of William de — Villaret, and accession of his brother Capture of Rhodes — Destruction of the Order of the Temple Arrogance of Fulk — — — de Villaret His flight to Lindos Appeals to the Pope His — resignation, and appointment of Elyon de Villeneuve Division — of the Order into langucs Dieudonne de Gozon and the — — dragon of Rhodes His election as Grand-Master Succession of Cornillan and de Pins CHAPTEE IV. — Divisions of class in the Order Langucs Grand-Master, his posi- — — — tion and power Courts of Egard Bailiffs, their offices Adapt- — ation of the Order to change of circumstances System of — management in commanderies Report on the grand-priory of — .....—. England in 1338 Details of income and expenditure Gross results and number of members 9 CHAPTEE V. 1365—1480. — — Expedition to Alexandria Election of Heredia His previous — — history He escorts the Pope to Rome Is captured by the — — Turks Returns to Avignon His death, and election of de — — — Naillac Battle of Nicopolis Timour the Tartar His over- — — throw of Bajazet Loss of Smyrna Erection of the fortress of — St. Peter at Budrum and of the tower of St. Michael Elections — — ofFluvian and de Lastic Descent on Rhodes Fall of Constan- — — tinople Elections of de Milly and Zacosta Formation of an — — — eighth languc Election of Orsini Fall of Negropont Pre- — parations for defence of Rhodes Death of Orsini, and nomi- — — nation of Peter d'Aubusson His previous history Description — of Rhodes The three renegades—D'Aubusson made dictator 11' . CONTENTS. Vll C H A P T E R VI. First Siege of Rhodes in 1480. PAGE — ttrival of the Turkish Army before Rhodes First attack on fort — St. Nicholas Its failure—Breach opened in the Jews' quarter — — Attempted assassination of the Grand-Master Second attack — on St. Nicholas, and its failure Second advance on the Jews' — — quarter Execution of Maitre Georges Last assault of the — — Turks, and its repulse Close of the siege List of English — knights present Losses of the Turkish army .141 . . . CHAPTER VII. 1480—1522. — — 'reparations of Mahomet for a new siege His death Flight of — — Djem to Rhodes His departure for France His removal to — — Rome, and death Death of D'Aubusson History of the relic of — the hand of St. John the Baptist Succession of D'Amboise, — Blanchefort, and Carretto Usurpation of Selim and extension — — of his empire Accession of Solyman Death of Carretto, and — election of L'Isle Adam Description of Rhodes in 1521 and — — — at present Fall of Belgrade Preparations for defence Detail — of the garrison and of the Turkish force Arrival of the Ottoman army at Rhodes .163 . . . . . . . CHAPTER VIII. The Second Siege of Rhodes, 1522. — commencement of the siege Plot by a female slave within the — — — city Construction of cavaliers Mining operations Assault — on the tower of St. Mary Repeated attacks and their repulse — — Accusations against the chancellor D'Amaral His trial and — — execution Negotiations for surrender Terms offered by Soly- — — man Their acceptance Close of the siege and surrender of the island 188 — ——— Till CONTENTS. CHAPTER IX. 1522—1565. PAC Departure of the Order for Candia, Messina, and Civita Vecchia — L'Isle Adam visits Madrid, Paris, and London Malta ceded to — — — the Order Its antecedent history Tripoli Its disadvantages — — and dangers Description of the harbours of Malta Settlement — — of the convent in the Bourg Death of L'Isle Adam Election — ofDupont, St. Gilles, and D'Omedes Turkish descent on Malta — — Destruction of the English languc Election of La Sangle — — Fortification of Senglea Accession of La Valette Preparations — by Solyman for an attack on Malta Description of its garrison and defences 21 CHAPTER X. Siege of Malta, 1565. — Disembarkation of the Turkish force Siege of St. Elmo com- — — — menced Heavy battering train Arrival of Dragut Capture — of the covered way and ravelin First assault and its failure — Petition to La A"alette for relief Its refusal, and consequent — — — insubordination Return to obedience Repeated assaults The — — fort cut off from succour Dragut mortally wounded Fall of — St. Elmo Massacre of the garrison CHAPTER • XI. Siege of Malta, 1565 continued. — Arrival of a reinforcement to the garrison Investment of the — — Bourg Transport of galleys across the Isthmus Attack on — — Senglea Breach established on the post of Castile Repeated — — assaults at both points Exhaustion of the garrison Arrival — — of a succouring force from Sicily Close of the siege Causes of the successful defence — CONTENTS. IX CHAPTER XII. 1565—1680. PAGE — sneral exultation at the successful defence of Malta Rumours of — — a new Turkish expedition Death of Solyman Commencement — of the city of Valetta Death of La Valette, and accession of — — de Monte Transfer of the convent to Valetta Battle of — — — Lepanto Election ofLa Cassiere Sedition against him Build- — — ing of St. John's cathedral Election of Verdala Arrival of — — — the Jesuits Alof de Vignacourt The Malta aqueduct Elec- — — tion of Lascaris Battle of the Dardanelles Commencement — — of the Floriana enceinte The brothers Cottoner Sir John — Narbrough's visit to Malta Construction of the Cottonera — — lines and fort Ricasoli Death of Cottoner Decadence of the Turkish empire and of the Order 273 CHAPTER XIII. ie career of a knight as a novice, professed knight, commander, — — — and bailiff The auberges The chaplains Position of the — — Grand-Master His election, household, and revenues The — — navy Revenues of the Order Property and dignities of the — — various langues The Hospital Description of the establish- — — ment at Malta Its regulations and staff Criticisms of Howard 295 . CHAPTER XIY. — ie chapter-general : its c—onstitution and m—ode of procedure The councils of the Order Its punishments Acts forbidden by the — — statutes The question of duelling Midnight disturbances — — The question of chastity Institution of slavery Slave trade — — at Malta Treatment of the Maltese by the Order The bailiwick of Brandenburg 315 ——————————— X CONTENTS. CHAPTER XV. THE "LANGUE" OF ENGLAND. PA( — Foundation at Clerkenwell Introduction of the fraternity into — Scotland and Ireland Destruction of priory by Wat Tyler — — Restoration by Docwra St. John's Gate Lease of Hampton — to Wolsey Suppression of the languc by Henry VIII. — Revival by Queen Mary Final suppression by Elizabeth — Subsequent fate of the Priory, Church, and Gate Revival of — the languc Its objects and present state . . . .3 CHAPTER XYI. — — Gregory Caraffa Adrian de Vignacourt Raymond Perrelos — — Embassy from Russia Construction ofa new fleet Zondodari — — Manoel de Vilhena Erection of fort Manoel Emanuel Pinto — — Francis Ximenes De Rohan Convocation of the last chapter- — — general Erection of fort Tigne The French revolution — Destruction of the French langues Death of de Rohan and — election of von Hompesch Establishment of a Russian priory — Capture of Malta decreed Arrival of the French fleet before the — — island Dispositions of Bonaparte for the attack State of the — town—Inefficiency of von Hompesch Surrender of the island — Departure of the knights for Russia Election of the emperor — Paul as Grand-Master French decree on assuming possession of — the island Departure of Bonaparte for Egypt. .3 . . CHAPTER XVII. — Insurrection of the Maltese Blockade of the French within the — fortress Arrival of the joint British and Portuguese fleet — — Details ofthe blockade Sufferings ofthegarrison Perseverance — of the Maltese Capture of the men-of-war sheltered in the — — harbour Capitulation of the French Treaty of Amiens — Eventual transfer of the island to the British History of the — Order since the death ofthe emperor Paul Its present position — at Rome Conclusion Seals of the Order of St. John Chronological List of the Grand-Masters of the Order LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE St. John's Gate, ix the Muristax, Jerusalem . Frontispiece View oe Part of the Muristax, forming the Quadrangle of the Benedictine Monaster!', behind the Church of Sta. Maria Major, before the Excavati.ons.we.re .com- menced by the German Government 33 Map of Rhodes, to illustrate the Sieges of 1480 and 1522 134 Facsimile of one of the Woodcuts ix Caoursin's " Obsidio Rhodie," showing the Form of the Town .162 . . Map of the Fortress of Malta, to illustrate the Siege of 1565 232 Arms on St. John's Gate, Clerkexwell 339 . . . . Monument of Sir William Weston, formerly ix St. James' Church, Clerkexwell 342 Seals of the Order of St. Johx 395
The list of books you might like
