Kirkbride's Diagnosis of Abortion and Neonatal Loss in Animals, Fourth Edition

249 Pages·2012·5.01 MB·English

Kirkbride’s
Diagnosis of Abortion and
Neonatal Loss in Animals
Fourth Edition
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Companion website
This book is accompanied by a companion website:
www.wiley.com/go/njaa
The website includes powerpoints of all figures from the book
for downloading.
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Kirkbride’s
Diagnosis of Abortion and
Neonatal Loss in Animals
Fourth Edition
Edited by
Bradley L. Njaa
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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This edition first published 2012 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First, Second editions © 1974, 1984, American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.
Third edition © 1990 Iowa State University Press
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ISBN-13: 978-0-4709-5852-0/2012.
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and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kirkbride’s diagnosis of abortion and neonatal loss in animals / edited by Bradley Njaa. – 4th ed.
p. cm.
Diagnosis of abortion and neonatal loss in animals
Rev. ed. of: Laboratory diagnosis of livestock abortion / edited by Clyde A. Kirkbride. 3rd ed. 1990.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-470-95852-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-470-95852-9
I. Njaa, Bradley. II. Kirkbride, Clyde A. Laboratory diagnosis of livestock abortion. III. American Association
of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. IV. Laboratory diagnosis of livestock abortion. V. Title: Diagnosis
of abortion and neonatal loss in animals.
[DNLM: 1. Abortion, Veterinary–diagnosis. 2. Animal Diseases–diagnosis. 3. Laboratory Techniques and
Procedures. 4. Stillbirth–veterinary. SF 887]
LC classification not assigned
636.089′8392–dc23
2011031410
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be
available in electronic books.
Set in 9/12.5pt Interstate by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India
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1 2012
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Clyde A. Kirkbride, 1924–2011
Dr. Clyde A. Kirkbride served the AAVLD
and the discipline of v eterinary diagnostic
medicine for approximately three decades.
He did so with distinction, humility and
excellence. His public service record goes
back to WW II where he served as B-26
bomber pilot, flying 21 missions over Europe.
He received his DVM from Oklahoma State
University in 1953, was engaged in private
practice for 10 years, held a faculty
appointment at KSU, and finally served 22
years as a faculty member and diagnostician
at South Dakota State University. He rapidly became the national authority on
the diagnostic investigation of the causes of food animal abortion. He taught
undergraduate students an animal disease course at SDSU for 20 years, and
for which he was awarded teacher of the year in 1982 - the course “Animal
Diseases and their Control”.
In cooperation with AAVLD he published Laboratory Diagnosis of Bovine
Abortion in 1974; that book morphed into a second AAVLD publication Laboratory
Diagnosis of Abortion in Food Animals in 1984; and finally the third edition
published in 1989 became Laboratory Diagnosis of Livestock Abortions. All of
these books were a huge success, drawing upon AAVLD diagnostic experts/
collaborators from across the country. The books are still found at the diagnostic
benches of veterinary diagnostic labs around the world. Dr. Kirkbride was
delighted and honored when he learned that a 4th edition would be published
and would acknowledge him in the title.
Dr. Kirkbride wrote numerous publications and reviews on the subject of
reproductive failure in livestock, and conducted research projects that clari-
fied many disease syndromes. In 1985 he described a new infectious agent
causing abortion in sheep, the spirillum Flexispira. In 1989 he received the
SDSU Gamma Sigma Delta Award for excellence in research.
He retired to emeritus status in 1989. In retirement he continued to write,
and published a series of JVDI manuscripts that summarized his diagnostic
findings while a veterinary diagnostician at the SDSU Animal Disease Research
and Diagnostic Laboratory – that series is still frequently referenced by
researchers working in the field of livestock reproductive wastage.
David Zeman
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Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xi
Editor’s Acknowledgements xiii
1 General Approach to Fetal and Neonatal Loss 1
R. Flint Taylor and Bradley L. Njaa
2 Disorders of Cattle 13
Mark L. Anderson
3 Disorders of Sheep and Goats 49
Robert B. Moeller Jr.
4 Disorders of Pigs 89
Michael J. Yaeger
5 Disorders of Horses 147
Neil M. Williams
6 Disorders of Dogs and Cats 173
Claus D. Buergelt
7 Disorders of Nondomestic Mammals 201
Bruce A. Rideout
Appendix A Gestational Age Estimation Based on
Fetal Measures and Phenotypic Characteristics 221
Appendix B Summary Tables of Diagnostic Tests for Infectious
Causes of Abortion and Neonatal Loss 225
Index 233
Companion website
This book is accompanied by a companion website:
www.wiley.com/go/njaa
The website includes powerpoints of all figures from the book
for downloading.
vii
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Contributors
Mark L. Anderson, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Professor of Clinical Diagnostic Pathology, California Animal Health & Food
Safety Laboratory, DAHFS—Davis Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine,
University of California, Davis, CA
Claus D. Buergelt, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Professor, Emeritus, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology,
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
Darin M. Madson, DVM, PhD, DACVP (Porcine Circovirus, only)
Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production
Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University,
Ames, IA
Robert B. Moeller Jr., DVM, PhD, DACVP
Professor of Clinical Diagnostic Pathology, California Animal Health & Food
Safety Laboratory, CAHFS—Tulare Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine,
University of California, Turlock, CA
Bradley L. Njaa, DVM, MVSc, DACVP
Associate Professor of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology,
Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University,
Stillwater, OK
Tanja Opriessnig, Dr Med Vet, PhD (Porcine Circovirus, only)
Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production
Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University,
Ames, IA
Bruce A. Rideout, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Director, Wildlife Disease Laboratories, Institute for Conservation Research,
San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, CA
R. Flint Taylor, DVM, MS
Director, New Mexico Veterinary Diagnostic Services, New Mexico
Department of Agriculture, Albuquerque, NM
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x Contributors
Neil M. Williams, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Professor, Associate Director, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of
Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Michael J. Yaeger, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Preface
The first edition of this text was the result of an American Association of
Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) committee that formed nearly
40 years ago. Dr. Clyde Kirkbride was the committee chairperson for more
than 17 years guiding the first and two subsequent editions of this work. What
initially began as a 1974 book covering bovine abortions morphed into a food
animal text in 1983 with the addition of sheep and swine. The third edition was
the most complete, published in 1990, including cattle, small ruminants, pigs,
and horses.
Similarly, this new edition came out of discussions in the AAVLD Pathology
Committee. Initially, authors were selected to write about abortion diagnostics
based on interest or expertise of a particular species, and their manuscripts
were to be placed on a Web site linked to AAVLD. It was later decided that a
published manuscript would be a better option.
The previous edition had 43 chapters, each devoted to a particular aspect of
abortion diagnostics or a particular pathogen. It was roughly organized into
species sections. This new edition has fewer chapters with each one devoted
to one or two species. It covers conditions affecting cattle, sheep, goats, pigs,
and horses, plus newly added chapters covering general approaches to abor-
tion diagnostics and conditions affecting dogs and cats, and, finally, a chapter
devoted to the broad topic of abortion and neonatal loss in nondomestic
mammalian species.
The intended audience of this new edition includes veterinary diagnosti-
cians around the world, veterinary pathologists, veterinary practitioners, vet-
erinary educators, animal and public health workers, veterinary students, and
veterinary technicians. The format for each chapter begins with an introduc-
tory section outlining the pathogenesis of abortions and neonatal loss, a sec-
tion of special diagnostic techniques, a section of fetal and placental anatomy
and physiology, and then detailed descriptions of the various causes of abor-
tion or neonatal loss. In the diseases section, the format is as follows: viruses,
bacteria and fungal, nutritional and toxic etiologies, and, finally, miscellaneous
causes. The focus for each chapter is disease recognition as well as proper
sampling necessary to make a definitive diagnosis.
It is my sincere hope that this publication will enhance our understanding of
reproductive disease in animals, will build upon the reputation of previous edi-
tions, and will become an invaluable reference that helps decipher abortion
and neonatal loss around the world.
xi
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Editor’s Acknowledgements
Firstly, I would like to thank members of the AAVLD Pathology Committee for
entrusting this project to me. In particular, thank you to Matti Kiupel and Donal
O’Toole for continually believing in me throughout the process.
Secondly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to each of the authors
and contributors. Each of you contributed greatly to this effort and have built
upon the foundation laid by Dr. Kirkbride and the previous authors.
Thirdly, I wish to thank Erica Judisch, Susan Engelken, and all the staff at
Wiley-Blackwell as well as Peggy Hazelwood for their professionalism, hard
work, and belief in this project.
Fourthly, I wish to thank all of you who have been a professional mentor to
me. In particular, I wish to thank Edward G. (“Ted”) Clark, Craig Riddell, Greg
Stevenson, Evan Janovitz, Sandy de Lahunta (“Dr. D”), Edward Dubovi, Tony
Confer, and Roger Panciera for your encouragement, advice, and constructive
criticism through the years.
Finally, thank you Leanne, Brynne, Layne, and Brooke Anna, for all of your
patience and continued support. I love you all!
Sincerely,
Bradley L. Njaa
xiii
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