Kingdoms of Europe An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Ruling Monarchs From Ancient Times to the Present

650 Pages·1982·119.65 MB·English

by  Gene Gurney

KlNGDOviS
op
'_v/v/y\
IS
eurcPe
An Lnadqxxlia
Illustrated
\
of Ruling londrchs
inDmAncientlimes
to the Present
GeneGurney
WITH 1.780 ILLLh IK \TIO\s
This is the most ambitious pictorial
work ever undertaken to record the
reigns of the thousands of ruling sov-
ereignsofEurope from the first Roman
emperor to today's ruling queen of
England, Elizabeth II.
As each king or queen is recorded,
specific facts and accomplishments of
his (her) reign are included so that the
highlights of European history pass in
review throughout this tremendous
work, along with characterizations of
the monarchs themselves. The politi-
cal and social developments of the
times are also included.
The authentic text is based on the
U.S. Army Area Handbooks and the
State Department's up-to-date back-
ground coverage of the countries of
Europe.
There are 1,780 magnificent photo-
graphs culled from all over the world.
They portray the monarchs H emseh es
in portraits, statues, cc orative
postage stamps, coins, n <uto-
I-tinnedon bink fhi[>)

KINGDOMS
EMQpfMWW/1
tWAVAV/1
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KINGDOMS
OF
ROPE
EU
An
Encyclopedia
Illustrated
Monarchs
Ruling
of
Tmes
from Ancient
to the Present
GeneGurney
Crown NewY)rk
Publishers, Inc. •
Copyright I 1982 by Gene Gurney
All rights reserved. No part ofthis book may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publisher.
Inquiries should be addressed to Crown Publishers, Inc., One Park
Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Printed in the United States ofAmerica
Published simultaneously in Canada by General Publishing
Company Limited
Library ofCongress Cataloging in Publication Data
Gurney, Gene.
—
Kingdo—ms ofEurope. 1. Kings and rulers Biography. 2. World
politics Dictionaries. I. Title.
D107.G85 1982 909 81-579
ISBN: 0-517-543958 AACR2
Book design byDeborah and Richard Waxberg
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
First Edition
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ix
1
THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND ITALY
/
2
THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE
49
3
ENGLAND, GREAT BRITAIN, AND
THE UNITED KINGDOM
127
4
IMPERIAL GERMANY, THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,
AND PRUSSIA
231
5
THE EMPIRES OF AUSTRIA
265
6
THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY
282
7
THE YUGOSLAV KINGDOMS
299
8
THE KINGDOMS OF SPAIN
317
CONTENTS
VI
9
THE PORTUGUESE MONARCHY
352
10
THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM
368
11
THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS
383
12
THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK
411
13
THE KINGDOM OF NORWAY
432
14
THE KINGDOM OF SWEDEN
447
15
IMPERIAL RUSSIA
482
16
THE POLISH KINGDOMS
506
17
THE KINGDOMS OF ROMANIA
523
18
THE KINGDOM OF BULGARIA
537
19
THE ANCIENT AND MODERN KINGDOMS OF GREECE
552
20
THE BYZANTINE AND OTTOMAN EMPIRES, AND
THE SULTANATES OF TURKEY
572
APPENDIX
A
THE KINGDOM OF ALBANIA
595