Kinematics and Dynamics of Diffuse Astrophysical Media

387 Pages·1994·17.501 MB·English

by  H. C. van de Hulst (auth.), J. E. Dyson, E. B. Carling (eds.)

KINEMATICS AND
DYNAMICS OF DIFFUSE
ASTROPHYSICAL MEDIA
Ediled by
J. E. DYSON
The University, Manchester,
England
AND
E. B. CARLING
The University, Manchester,
England
Reprinted from Astrophysics and Space Science
Volume 216, Nos. 1-2, 1994
SPRlNGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-4399-1 ISBN 978-94-011-0926-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0926-0
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1994 Springer Scicnce+Business Media Dordrecht
Original1y publishcd by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994
Softcover reprint of thc hardeo\'cr 1s t edition 1994
No pan of tbe material protecte!! by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilizcd in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
J. E. DYSON and E. B. CARLING / Preface vii
Group Photograph viii
List of Participants ix
H. C. V AN DE HULST / Cosmical Aerodynamics - Why was it so Difficult?
BRUCE BALICK / Shaping Planetary Nebulae 13
M. BRYCE, J. MEABURN, B. BALICK, and J. WALSH / Investigating the Kinematics of
the Faint Giant Haloes of Planetary Nebulae 23
L. CUESTA, J. P. PHILLIPS, and A. MAMPASO / Shock Modelling of Planetary Nebulae 25
S. M. SCARROTT, R. M. J. SCARROTT, and R. D. WOLSTENCROFT / Imaging
Polarimetry of Proto-Planetary Nebulae 31
A. RIERA, P. GARCfA-LARIO, and A. MANCHADA / IRAS 17423-1755: a BQ[] Star
with a Variable Velocity Outflow 43
JANET E. DREW / Spectroscopic Constraints on Outflows from BN-type Objects 45
A. F. J. MOFFAT, S. LEPINE, R. N. HENRIKSEN, and C. ROBERT / First Wavelet
Analysis of Emission Line Variations in Wolf-Rayet Stars-Turbulence in Hot-Star
Outflows 55
R. J. DAVIS / Complex Structure Associated with the Wolf-Rayet Star WR147 67
M. RUNACRES and R. BLOMME / The Importance of Continuum Radiation for the Stellar
Wind Hydrodynamics of Hot Stars 69
T. P. RAY / Herbig AelBe Stars 71
W. HUMMEL / 3-D Radiative Line Transfer for Be Star Envelopes 87
JOHN M. PORTER / Radiatively Driven Winds Using Lagrangian Hydrodynamics 93
KENNETH WOOD / Parametric Determination of the Inclination of Keplerian Circumstellar
Discs from Spectropolarimetric Profiles of Scattered Lines 95
R. W. HANUSCHIK / Observational Evidence for Global Oscillations in Be Star Disks 99
A. C. RAGA / Coupled Stellar JetIMolecular Outflow Models 105
L. M. CHERNIN and C. R. MASSON / Modelling Jet-Driven Molecular Outflows 113
S. A. E. G. FALLE/ Jets 119
S. BIRO and A. C. RAGA / A Simulation of a Jet with the Hiccups 127
RACHAEL PADMAN and JOHN S. RICHER / Interactions between Molecular Outflows
and Optical Jets 129
JOCHEN EISLOFFEL / Proper Motion Measurements in the HH 46/47 Outflow 135
S. CURIEL, J. M. MORAN, L. F. RODRIGUEZ, and J. CANTO / The Serpens Radio Jet:
Evidence of Precession or Nutation 137
J. J. WISEMAN and P. T. P. HO / Fragmentation and Heating of Streamers in Orion 139
M. T. MALONE, J. E. DYSON, and T. W. HARTQUIST / Highly Supersonic Molecular
iii
iv TABLE OF CONTENTS
Flows in Wind-Clump Boundary Layers 143
R. L6pEZ, O. MORATA, I. SEPULVEDA, R. ESTALELLA, G. ANGLADA, J. PASTOR,
and P. PLANESAS / High Density Tracers in Outflow Regions: NH3 vs. CS 151
S. D. TAYLOR, D. A. WILLIAMS, and T. W. HARTQUIST / Modelling the Constancy of
X 153
J. M. C. RAWLINGS, N. J. EVANS II, and S. ZHOU / Gas-Grain Interaction in the Low
Mass Star-Forming Region B335 155
M. P. HOBSON /The Structure and Dynamics ofM17SW 159
H. M. LLOYD, T. J. O'BRIEN, M. F. BODE, and F. D. KAHN / The Hydrodynamics of
Bipolar Explosions 161
T. J. O'BRIEN and H. M. LLOYD / Shock-Heated Gas in the Outbursts of Classical Novae 167
L. WOLTJER and M. P. VERON-CETTY / The Crab Nebula Revisited 173
A. A. DA COSTA / Pulsar Magnetospheres: Classical and Quasi-Classical Descriptions 179
T. W. HARTQUIST / The Global Structure of the Insterstellar Medium 185
D. A. GREEN / A Power Spectrum Description of Galactic Neutral Hydrogen 201
A. LAZARIAN / A Statistical Description of Astrophysical Turbulence 207
J. J. QUENBY, T. J. SUMNER, S. D. SIDHER, and S. IMMLER / Rosat Wide Field
Camera Data and the Temperature of the Interstellar Medium 213
A. LAZARIAN / Hierarchial Galactic Dynamo and Seed Magnetic Field Problem 219
T. W. HARTQUIST and G. E. MORFILL / Cosmic Ray Diffusion at Energies of 1 MeV to
105 GeV 223
A. LAZARlAN / Alfvenic Waves and Alignment of Large Grains 235
J. A. TURNER and A. P. WHITWORTH / An Interstellar Thermostat: Gas Temperature
Regulated by Grain Charge 239
J. MEABURN / Recent Optical Observations of Circumstellar and Interstellar Phenomena 241
YOU-HUA CHU and ROBERT C. KENNICUTT, Jr. / Internal Motions of HII Regions and
Giant HII Regions 253
J. MEABURN and R. M. MASSEY / High-Speed Flows in the Vicinity of the Trapezium
Stars 263
C. R. O'DELL / The Orion Nebula: Structure, Dynamics, and Population 267
J. MEABURN, J. E. DYSON, C. D. GOUDIS, and P. E. CHRISTOPOULOU / An
Evolutionary Model for the Wolf Rayet Nebula NGC 2539 281
HECTOR O. CASTANEDA / Supersonic Turbulence in Giant Extragalactic HII Regions 285
LINDA J. SMITH / The Dynamics of the Ring Nebula Surrounding the LBV Candidate He
3-519 291
D. BREITSCHWERDT and F. D. KAHN / Turbulent Mixing in Wind-Blown HII Regions 297
J. C. RAYMOND and S. CURIEL / Shock Wave Structure in the Cygnus Loop 303
D. E. INNES / Catastrophic Cooling Diagnostics 311
S. J. CHAPMAN, A. S. BHATTAL, M. J. DISNEY, J. A. TURNER, and A. P. WHIT-
WORTH / Star Formation in Shocked Layers 317
J. A. TURNER, S. J. CHAPMAN, A. S. BHATTAL, M. J. DISNEY, and A. P. WHIT-
WORTH / Binary and Multiple Star Formation 323
F. D. KAHN / Galactic Fountains 325
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
ANDREAS POLL / The Solution Topology of Galactic Winds 333
SUSAN A. LAMB, RICHARD A. GERBER, and DINSHA W S. BALSARA / Galactic
Scale Gas Flows in Colliding Galaxies: 3-Dimensional, N-Body/Hydrodynamics
Experiments 337
M. NOGUCHI and I. SHLOSMAN / Gas Flow in a Two Component Galactic Disk 347
ALESSANDRO B. ROMEO / How Faithful Are N-Body Simulations of Disc Galaxies? -
Artificial Suppression of Gaseous Dynamical Instabilities 353
ALESSANDRO B. ROMEO, GUSTAF RYDBECK, and MAURI J. VALTONEN / Long-
Lived Spiral Structure in N-Body Simulations: Work in Progress 359
D. HUTSEMEKERS, J. SURDEJ, and E. VAN DROM / The Use of Gravitational Microlens-
ing to Scan the Structure of BAL QSOs 361
CHIDI E. AKUJOR and RICHARD W. PORCAS / Anomalous Component Motion in the
MAS Double Radio Source 0646+600 367
EVERTON LUDKE / Effects of Dense Medium Surrounding Galactic-Sized Radio Sources 369
MAREK J. KUKULA, ALAN PEDLAR, S. W. UNGER, S. BAUM, and C. O'DEA / 8.4
GHz VLA Observations of the CfA Seyfert Sample 371
MARK. K. BOWMAN / Relativistic Jet Simulations 373
J. J. QUENBY, B. DROLIAS, and R. LIEU / Active Galactic Nuclei Flow Velocities and the
Highest Energy Cosmic Rays 375
D. J. AXON, J. H. HOUGH, S. YOUNG, and M. INGLIS / Hidden Broad Line Regions and
Anisotropy in AGN 379
P. W. DRAPER, S. M. SCARROTT, and D. P. STOCKDALE / The Starburst Galaxy
NGC1808: Another M82? 399
List of Forthcoming Papers 403
The 'KLDWER' LaTeX Style File 405
Preface
The area of diffuse astrophysical media is enormous and ranges over circum
stellar to extragalactic scales. The physical conditions can vary from cool dusty
gases to collections of relativistic particles. Flows in such media are set up by en
ergy and momentum injection from winds, jets and explosions. The study of these
phenomena involves physics, chemistry and, inevitably, hydrodynamics. One of the
most important aspects of this study is the ever increasing overlap between theory
and observation. Indeed, it can be argued that the only way to really understand
these complex flows which can never be duplicated under terrestrial conditions, is
to encourage this overlap, and this was one major aim of this Conference.
Because of the long theoretical and observational association of the Manchester
Group with this general area, Manchester seemed an appropriate venue for this Con
ference. But in fact this long association and the actual year of the Conference are
connected. In 1951 Franz Kahn joined the Astronomy Department at Manchester
University and immediately the study of diffuse media, particularly the hydrody
namic aspects, commenced and has flourished ever since. Franz became Head of
the Astronomy Department in 1981 following the retirement of Professor Z. Kopal,
who founded the Department and was instrumental in attracting Franz to it. In
1993, Franz retired from this position and a most serendipidous coincidence was his
election to the Royal Society announced shortly before the Conference. The second
major aim of this Conference was therefore to mark this very special year in Franz's
life and to demonstrate that the subject area in which he has made so many distin
guished contributions is alive and well. The contributions to the Conference amply
demonstrated that this is indeed the case.
We would like to thank the participants in the meeting, many of whom have
known and worked with Franz over the years, both for their attendance and the way
in which most of them met the submission deadline for manuscripts. Conference
organization is exacting and Melanie Thomas' efforts are warmly appreciated.
Because we wish to emphasise the similarities of phenomena over different scales,
we have chosen not to divide the proceedings into separate sections, but have ordered
the papers in roughly the direction of increasing scale size. We also felt that no
introduction given by us would match Henk van de Hulst's contribution which gives
a most apposite historical and personal overview of cosmical gas dynamics, which
underpins this meeting.
John Dyson Ellen Carling
Astrophysics and Space Science 11': vii, 1994.

List of Participants
C. F. Akujor Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden
D. J. Axon Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories, University of
Manchester, U.K.
M. E. Bailey School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences,
Liverpool John Moores University, U.K.
A. C. Baker Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, U.K.
B. Balick Osservatorio Arcetri, Firenze, Italy and
Astronomy Department, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
A. R. Bell Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, U.K.
s.
Biro Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
R. Blomme Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
M. F. Bode School of Chemical and Physical Sciences,
Liverpool John Moores University, U.K.
M. Bowman Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories, University of
Manchester, U.K.
D. Breitschwerdt Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, Heidelberg,
Germany
M. Bryce Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
H. Castaiiada Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain
s.
J. Chapman Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of
Wales College of Cardiff, U.K.
L. Chernin Centre for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
Y.-H. Chu Department of Astronomy, University of TIlinois,
Urbana, TIlinois, U.S.A.
M. Collins Institute of Mathematics, University of Oxford, U.K.
L. Cuesta Crespo Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain
s.
Curiel Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
A. A. da Costa Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal
R. J. Davis Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories, University of
Manchester, U.K.
J. E. Drew Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, U.K.
J. E. Dyson Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
J. Eisloffel Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of
Cosmic Physics, Dublin, Ireland
Astrophysics and Space Science 216: ix-xii. 1994.
S. A. E. G. Faile Department of Mathematics, University of Leeds, U.K.
P. R. A. Farquar Department of Mathematics, UMIST, Manchester, U.K.
D. A. Green MRAO, Cambridge, U.K.
H. J. Habing Leiden Observatory, The Netherlands
R. Hanuschik Astronomisches Institut, Ruhr Universitat Bochum,
Germany
T. W. Hartquist Max-Planck-Institut fiir Extraterrestrial Physics,
Garching bei Miinchen, Germany
M. P. Hobson Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, U.K.
D. A. Howe Department of Mathematics, UMIST, Manchester, U.K.
W. Hummel Astronomisches Institut, Ruhr Universitat Bochum,
Germany
D. Hutsemekers Institut d'Astrophysique, Universite de Liege,
Belgium
D. E. Innes Max-Planck-Institut fiir Aeronomie, Katlenburg-Lindau,
Germany
R. A. James Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
F. D. Kahn Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
S. Komissarov Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
M. J. Kukula Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories, University
of Manchester, U.K.
S. A. Lamb NORDITA and Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen,
Denmark
V. Laspias Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
A. Lazarian DAMPT, Cambridge, U.K.
A. Lim Department of Mathematics, UMIST, Manchester, U.K.
H. M. Lloyd School of Chemical and Physical Sciences,
Liverpool John Moores University, U.K.
R. Lopez Departament d'Astronomia, Universitat de Barcelona,
Spain
S. Lucek Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, U.K.
L. Lucy ST-ECF, Garching bei Miinchen, Germany
E. Ludke Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories, University
of Manchester, U.K.
M. T. Malone Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
R. M. Massey Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
M. McNaughton Inveralligin, Wester Ross, U.K.
J. Meaburn Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
T. J. Millar Department of Mathematics, UMIST, Manchester, U.K.
x
A. Moffat Departement de Physique, Universite de
Montreal, Canada
D. Moss Department of Mathematics, University of
Manchester, U.K.
M. Noguchi Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai,
Japan
T. J. O'Brien School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences,
Liverpool John Moores University, U.K.
c.
R. O'Dell Space Physics & Astronomy, Rice University,
Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
R. Pad man Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, U.K.
J. W. Palmer Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
J. J. Perry Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, U.K.
A. Poll Institut fur Astrophysik und Extraterrestriche
Forschung, Bonn, Germany
J. Porter Astrophysics, Nuclear and Astrophysics Laboratory,
University of Oxford, U.K.
J. J. Quenby Astrophysics Group, Department of Physics,
Imperial College, London, U.K.
A. C. Raga Department of Mathematics, UMIST, Manchester, U.K.
H. Rauer Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie, Katlenburg-Lindau,
Germany
J. Rawlings Department of Mathematics, UMIST, Manchester, U.K.
T. P. Ray Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland
J. C. Raymond Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
A. Riera Departament d'Astronomia, Universitat de Barcelona,
Spain
A. B. ROIneo Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of
Technology, Onsala, Sweden
I. Sakelliou Neos Kosmos, Athens, Greece
W. L. W. Sargent Astronomy Department, Caltech, Pasadena,
California, U.S.A.
S. M. Scarrott Department of Physics, University of Durham, U.K.
L. J. Smith Department of Physics & Astronomy, University
College, London, U.K.
N. Solomos Hellenic Naval Academy, Department of Physics,
Piraeus, Greece
G.-X. Song Shanghai Observatory, Academia Sinica, Shanghai,
China
S. Taylor Department of Mathematics, UMIST, Manchester, U.K.
R. T. Templeman Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester,
U.K.
J. M. Torrelles Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Granada, Spain
J. A. Turner Department of Physics & Astronomy, University
xi