KCI_Interior_final 5/18/09 9:01 AM Page 1 Kindness, Clarity, and Insight KCI_Interior_final 5/18/09 9:01 AM Page 2 KCI_Interior_final 5/18/09 9:01 AM Page 3 Kindness, Clarity, & Insight . . The Fourteenth Dalai Lama . . His Holiness Tenzin Gyatso Revised and Updated Edited and translated by Jeffrey Hopkins Co-edited by Elizabeth Napper Snow Lion Publications ithaca, new york (cid:129) boulder, colorado KCI_Interior_final 5/18/09 9:01 AM Page 4 Snow Lion Publications P. O. Box 6483 Ithaca, NY 14851 USA (607) 273-8519 www.snowlionpub.com Copyright © 2006 His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyright in the photographs is held by the respective photographers with the following exceptions: Brian Beresford’s photographs © Brian Beresford/Nomad Pictures Alison Wright’s photographs © Alison Wright Photography Jacqui Walker’s photograph © Dalai Lama Trust New Zealand Mitchell Layton’s photograph © The Mind and Life Institute Printed in USA on acid-free recycled paper. ISBN-10 1-55939-251-7 ISBN-13 978-1-55939-251-8 The Library of Congress catalogued the previous edition of this book as follows: Bstan-’dzin-rgya-mtsho, Dalai Lama XIV, 1935- Kindness, clarity, and insight / the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, his Holiness Tenzin Gyatso ; translated and edited by Jeffrey Hopkins ; co-edited by Elizabeth Napper. p. cm. ISBN 0-937938-18-1 (pbk.) 1. Buddhism—Doctrines. 2. Buddhism—China—Tibet. I. Hopkins, Jeffrey. II. Napper, Elizabeth. BQ7935.B774K56 1984 294.3’4—dc19 84-51198 Designed and typeset by Gopa & Ted2, Inc KCI_Interior_final 5/18/09 9:01 AM Page 5 C ONTENTS ... Preface 7 Editors’ Note 13 Religious Values and Human Society 15 The Luminous Nature of the Mind 25 Four Noble Truths 29 Karma 35 Medicine of Wisdom and Compassion 39 Altruism and the Six Perfections 43 Religious Harmony 57 Treasures of Tibetan Buddhism 63 Compassion in Global Politics 71 Meditation 79 Buddhism East to West 99 Deities 111 Eight Verses for Training the Mind 117 O˙ Ma˚i Padme HÒ˙ 135 The Path to Enlightenment 137 KCI_Interior_final 5/18/09 9:01 AM Page 6 6 ✦ kindness, clarity, and insight Self and Selflessness 179 Tibetan Views on Dying 191 Transforming the Mind through Meditation 207 The Two Truths 217 Union of the Old and New Translation Schools 227 Notes 255 KCI_Interior_final 5/18/09 9:01 AM Page 7 P REFACE ... S now Lion Publications, now celebrating its twenty- fifth year as the preeminent publisher of books exclu- sively on Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism, grew out of the wish to make available to the general public the profoundly appealing series of lectures that His Holiness the Dalai Lama gave in the United States in 1979 and 1981, and in Canada in 1980. Although the Dalai Lama had escaped from Tibet to India during a public demonstration against the Chinese Communist occupa- tion in 1959, the U.S. government repeatedly had caved in to Chi- nese pressure and did not allow him to visit this country until the Carter Administration in 1979. Prodded by Joel McCleary, deputy assistant to President Carter, and myself at a meeting in the White House with key staff from the National Security Council, the Carter Administration (which from its inception was concerned with human rights) undoubt- edly saw the human rights issues involved, and agreed to permit the Dalai Lama’s visit. Although they requested a six-month delay before the visit, this fit right in with our wishes, since e xtensive preparations had to be made by the Office of Tibet in New York under the leadership of Tenzin Tethong (later to become Prime Minister of the exiled Tibetan government headquartered in Dharamsala, India) for what became a forty-nine day, twenty-four city lecture tour with sixty-seven talks. The first planning meet- KCI_Interior_final 5/18/09 9:01 AM Page 8 8 ✦ kindness, clarity, and insight ing between McCleary, Tenzin Tethong, and myself began in McCleary’s office in the Executive Office Building several days after the meeting at which approval was given for the trip, and continued through lunch in the restaurant under the Oval Office in the White House. McCleary and Deputy Assistant to the Pres- ident Tom Beard were particularly effective in overcoming many bureaucratic obstacles to the Dalai Lama’s final visa approval, mak- ing Washington contacts with future friends and allies of His Holi- ness such as Congressman Charlie (cid:2)ose, and arranging for security throughout the trip for the then relatively unknown Dalai Lama. Tenzin Tethong formed a committee to arrange the details of the visit, which focused on the content of the lectures and avoided any media hype. This meant that His Holiness’ introduction to the U.S. was on the basis of his message of compassion, meditative concentration, and examination of reality, leading to the title of the collection of his talks in this book, Kindness, Clarity, and Insight. Broad in scope and revealing the depths of his knowledge, the lectures moved from the East Coast to the South, the Midwest, the West Coast, the Upper Midwest, and again the East Coast. These teachings introduced the range of the Dalai Lama and his mes- sage in a dynamic and concise way to the English-speaking world, covering a plethora of topics—the need for compassion in soci- ety and the world, the cause and effect of karma, the four noble truths, the luminous nature of the mind, the common goals of the world’s religions, meditative concentration, emptiness and selfless- ness, the two truths, and the fundamental innate mind of clear light that all the various schools of Tibetan Buddhism aim at man- ifesting. Although others in Tibet have mentioned that all orders of Tibetan Buddhism have the same basic outlook, His Holiness has been the first to explain in detail how this is so, his brilliant syncretic exposition being the final chapter in this book. KCI_Interior_final 5/18/09 9:01 AM Page 9 preface ✦ 9 In 1979 the only books by the Dalai Lama in English, or any other language except Tibetan, were his autobiography, My Land and My People, and The Buddhism of Tibet and the Key to the Mid- dle Way.In Ithaca, New York, and later in Toronto, the young, ide- alistic, compassionately motivated but nearly penniless founders of Snow Lion Publication approached His Holiness for counsel on how to communicate the breadth and depth of Tibetan Buddhism to the English-speaking world. The Dalai Lama quickly expressed his enthusiasm for a publishing house that could serve two audi- ences. In his own words (recorded during that audience): Basically, two main types of books are needed: one chiefly for study by scholars and academically minded practitioners and another primarily for practitioners without much concern for deeper philosophy. These two basic types are essentially the same, but have slightly different approaches. One is more detailed, while the other is more condensed. If you can make both of these available, that would be excellent. Snow Lion has brilliantly succeeded in both of these avenues, providing a massive, diverse body of texts for an ever-growing audience throughout the world where interest in Tibetan Bud- dhism has spread. Although many publishing houses have pro- duced books on Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism, Snow Lion has remained, through thick and thin, the only one publishing exclu- sively in this area, keeping almost all of its back list of over two hundred titles in print throughout these twenty-five years. Thus, the apparent leap of confidence in permitting this unknown, underfunded, inexperienced company to publish this important first book of his teachings in the West has borne rich fruit. In addition, His Holiness counseled the founders of Snow Lion to be nonsectarian and unbiased in their efforts and to publish