KI-99: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 23rd Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence Bonn, Germany, September 13–15, 1999 Proceedings

320 Pages·1999·4.98 MB·English

by  Helmut Willke (auth.)

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1701
Subseries ofLectureNotesin ComputerScience
Editedby J.G. Carbonelland J. Siekmann
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Editedby G.Goos,J. Hartmanisand J.van Leeuwen
(cid:0)Berlin
Heidelberg
NewYork
Barcelona
HongKong
London
Milan
Paris
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Wolfram Burgard Thomas Cristaller
Armin B. Cremers (Eds.)
KI-99: Advances in
Artificial Intelligence
23rd Annual German Conference
on Artificial Intelligence
Bonn, Germany, September 13-15, 1999
Proceedings
(cid:0) (cid:1)
SeriesEditors
JaimeG.Carbonell, CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
Jo¨rgSiekmann, UniversityofSaarland,Saarbru¨cken,Germany
VolumeEditors
WolframBurgard
ArminB.Cremers
Universita¨tBonn,Institutfu¨rInformatikIII
Ro¨merstraße164,D-53117Bonn,Germany
E-mail:{wolfram/abc}@cs.uni-bonn.de
ThomasCristaller
GMD-ForschungszentrumInformationstechnikGmbH
SchloßBirlinghoven,D-53754SanktAugustin,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]
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Advancesinartificialintelligence:proceedings/KI-99,23rdAnnualGerman
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WolframBurgard... (ed.).-Berlin;Heidelberg;NewYork;Barcelona;Hong
Kong;London;Milan;Paris;Singapore;Tokyo:Springer,1999
(Lecturenotesincomputerscience;Vol.1701:Lecturenotesinartificial
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CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.2,I.4,I.5
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Preface
For many years, Artificial Intelligence technology has served in a great variety
ofsuccessfulapplications.AIresearchandresearchershavecontributedmuchto
the visionofthe so-calledInformationSociety.As earlyasthe 1980s,someofus
imagined distributed knowledge bases containing the explicable knowledge of a
company or any other organization. Today, such systems are becoming reality.
In the process, other technologies have had to be developed and AI-technology
has blended with them, and companies are now sensitive to this topic.
TheInternetandWWWhaveprovidedtheglobalinfrastructure,whileatthe
same time companies have become global in nearly every aspect of enterprise.
This process has just started, a little experience has been gained, and therefore
it is tempting to reflect and try to forecast, what the next steps may be. This
has givenus one of the two main topics of the 23rdAnnual German Conference
onArtificialIntelligence(KI-99)heldattheUniversityofBonn:TheKnowledge
Society. Two of our invited speakers, Helmut Willke, Bielefeld, and Hans-Peter
Kriegel, Munich, dwell on different aspects with different perspectives. Helmut
Willke deals withthe conceptofvirtualorganizations,while Hans-PeterKriegel
appliesdataminingconceptstopatternrecognitiontasks.Thethreeapplication
forums are also part of the Knowledge Society topic: “IT-based innovation for
environment and development”, “Knowledge management in enterprises”, and
“Knowledgemanagementinvillageandcityplanningoftheinformationsociety”.
But what is going on in AI as a science? Good progress has been made in
many established subfields such as Knowledge Representation, Learning, Logic,
etc. The KI-99 technical program includes 15 full and 6 short papers out of 32
received; together with the workshop program and poster sessions, we feel the
conference reflects the steady growth of the field and represents the forefront
of AI research. It was a pleasure to work with the program committee, and
especiallytochooseoneoftheacceptedpapersfortheBestPaperAwarddonated
bySpringer-Verlag.Thisyear,theprizegoestoBernhardNebel,Freiburg,forhis
paper “Compilation Schemes: A Theoretical Tool for Assessing the Expressive
PowerofPlanningFormalisms”,whichwillalsobepublishedinthespecialissue
of the “KI” journal for this conference.
Butwithinthesteadyflowofresearch,newtrendsemergefromtimetotime,
and an important one, which we as organizers felt should get special attention
at KI-99, is the rediscovery of robotics or, more precisely, of robots for AI.
We put this interest under the second main topic of the conference: Cognitive
Robotics. Three invited speakers present their perspectives: Sebastian Thrun,
Pittsburgh, on learning and probabilistic reasoning; Rolf Pfeifer, Zurich, on a
general methodology for behavior-oriented AI; Hans-Hellmut Nagel, Karlsruhe,
on image processing.
Another flavor of the KI-99 conference is the sharing of a part of the pro-
gram with the pattern recognition conference DAGM-99 in the form of a joint
VI Preface
invited talk by TakashiMatsuyamaon cooperativedistributed vision,as well as
a common technical session, and a joint technical exhibition.
As applications and scientific questions evolve, so does this conference. We
have introduced a new section into the program and into these proceedings, in
which short papers are presented that deserve a technical presentation. This
provides faster access to ideas and concepts than with the accepted long pa-
pers. Another reinvention is that of student posters, which give students the
opportunity to present and discuss their work with the scientific community.
The annual AI conference in Germany now has a long tradition, evolving
together with the maturing field of AI, reflecting every year a snapshot of the
quality of research and development. Over the years, the KI conference has
turned out to be one of the largest national Computer Science conferences in
Germany. Yet, the trend to specialization and therefore to fragmentation and
internationalization of AI raises the question: Do we need a regional event like
this, adding another item to the market of proceedings? We as organizers have
answered this question with a yes!, together with all who have contributed in
one way or another to make this conference and this new volume of LNCS a
success.
Manythanksto ChristineHarmsandManfredDomke.They madesurethat
the details were taken care of and the deadlines were met. Many students from
the Institute on Autonomous intelligent Systems at GMD and the Computer
Science Department at the University of Bonn together with our secretaries
Marie-Luise Liebegut and Myriam Jourdan helped us in preparing this con-
ference. Special thanks to Sylvia Johnigk, who helped produce the complete
proceedings in LATEX.
July 1999 Wolfram Burgard
Thomas Christaller
Armin B. Cremers
23rd Annual German Conference on Artificial
Intelligence (KI-99)
Conference Chairs
Wolfram Burgard, Bonn Thomas Christaller, Sankt Augustin
Armin B. Cremers, Bonn
Program Committee Chair
Thomas Christaller, Sankt Augustin
Program Committee Members
Elisabeth Andr´e, Saarbru¨cken Clemens Beckstein, Jena
Gerhard Brewka, Leipzig Wolfram Burgard, Bonn
Hans-Dieter Burkhard, Berlin Thomas Christaller, Sankt Augustin,
Armin B. Cremers, Bonn Kerstin Dautenhahn, Reading, UK
Ru¨diger Dillmann, Karlsruhe Wolfgang Fo¨rstner, Bonn
Ulrich Furbach, Koblenz Horst-Michael Groß, Ilmenau
Joachim Hertzberg, Sankt Augustin Otthein Herzog, Bremen
Wolfgang Hoeppner, Duisburg Knut Hinkelmann, Kaiserslautern
Alois C. Knoll, Bielefeld Jana Ko¨hler, Freiburg
Gisbert Lawitzky, Mu¨nchen Hanspeter A. Mallot, Tu¨bingen
Katharina Morik, Dortmund Bernd Neumann, Hamburg
Gunter Schlageter, Hagen Stefan Wrobel, Magdeburg
Workshop Chair
Norbert Reithinger, Saarbru¨cken
Exhibition Chairs
Karlheinz Schunk, Sankt Augustin Volker Steinhage, Bonn
VIII Organization
List of Additional Referees
Baumgartner,Peter
Dahn, Ingo
Deister, Angelika
Gu¨sgen, Hans
Hannebauer, Markus
Ku¨hnel, Ralf
Lenz, Marie
Meyer auf’m Hofe, Harald
Mu¨ller, Jo¨rg
Paaß,Gerhard
Plu¨mer, Lutz
Stolzenburg, Frieder
Tobies, Stephan
Wendler, Jan
Wolter, Frank
Table of Contents
Invited Papers
From AI to Systemic Knowledge Management ........................ 1
Helmut Willke
MINERVA: A Tour-Guide Robot that Learns.......................... 14
SebastianThrun,MarenBennewitz,WolframBurgard,ArminB.Cremers,
Frank Dellaert, Dieter Fox, Dirk Ha¨hnel, Charles Rosenberg, Nicholas
Roy, Jamieson Schulte, and Dirk Schulz
Dynamics, Morphology,and Materials in the Emergence of Cognition..... 27
Rolf Pfeifer
NaturalLanguageDescriptionofImageSequencesasaFormofKnowledge
Representation .................................................... 45
Hans-Hellmut Nagel
Knowledge Discovery in Spatial Databases ............................ 61
Martin Ester, Hans-Peter Kriegel, and Jo¨rg Sander
CooperativeDistributedVision:DynamicIntegrationofVisualPerception,
Action, and Communication......................................... 75
Takashi Matsuyama
Technical Papers - Section 1
Computing Probabilistic Least Common Subsumers in Description Logics. 89
Thomas Mantay, Ralf Mo¨ller, and Alissa Kaplunova
Revising Nonmonotonic Theories: The Case of Defeasible Logic ......... 101
D. Billington, G. Antoniou, G. Governatori, and M. Maher
Onthe TranslationofQualitativeSpatialReasoningProblemsinto Modal
Logics ............................................................ 113
Werner Nutt
Following Conditional Structures of Knowledge ........................ 125
Gabriele Kern-Isberner
Section 2
A Theory of First-Order Counterfactual Reasoning..................... 137
Michael Thielscher
X Table of Contents
Logic–BasedChoice of Projective Terms .............................. 149
Ralf Klabunde
Knowledge Based Automatic Composition and Variation of Melodies for
Minuets in Early Classical Style ..................................... 159
Mathis Lo¨the
Inferring Flow of Control in ProgramSynthesis by Example ............. 171
Stefan Schr¨odl and Stefan Edelkamp
Section 3
Compilation Schemes: A Theoretical Tool for Assessing the Expressive
Power of Planning Formalisms....................................... 183
Bernhard Nebel
Generalized Cases: Representation and Steps Towards Efficient Similarity
Assessment........................................................ 195
Ralph Bergmann and Ivo Vollrath
BeBusyandUnique...orBeHistory—TheUtilityCriterionforRemoving
Units in Self-Organizing Networks ................................... 207
Bernd Fritzke
Section 4
DevelopmentofDecisionSupportAlgorithmsforIntensiveCareMedicine:
A New ApproachCombining Time Series Analysis and a KnowledgeBase
System with Learning and Revision Capabilities ....................... 219
Michael Imhoff, Ursula Gather, and Katharina Morik
Object Recognition with Shape Prototypes in a 3D Construction Scenario. 231
Martin Hoffhenke and Ipke Wachsmuth
Probabilistic,Prediction-BasedScheduleDebuggingforAutonomousRobot
Office Couriers .................................................... 243
Michael Beetz, Maren Bennewitz, and Henrik Grosskreutz
Section 5
Collaborative Multi-robot Localization............................... 255
Dieter Fox, Wolfram Burgard, Hannes Kruppa, and Sebastian Thrun
Object Classification Using Simple, Colour Based Visual Attention and a
Hierarchical Neural Network for Neuro-symbolic Integration............. 267
Hans A. Kestler, Steffen Simon, Axel Baune, Friedhelm Schwenker,
and Gu¨nther Palm
A Flexible Architecture for Driver Assistance Systems ................. 281
Uwe Handmann, Iris Leefken, and Christos Tzomakas