Keywords for India : A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century

485 Pages·2020·5.37 MB·English

by  Rukmini Bhaya Nair and Peter Ronald deSouza

KEYWORDS FOR INDIA
Also available from Bloomsbury
CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL DISCOURSE STUDIES
edited by Christopher Hart and Piotr Cap
KEY TERMS IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
by Bill VanPatten and Alessandro G. Benati
LANGUAGE, MEANING, AND USE IN INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
by Malcolm Keating
POLITICAL METAPHOR ANALYSIS
by Andreas Musolff
RETERRITORIALIZING LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPES
edited by David Malinowski and Stefania Tufi
THE BLOOMSBURY RESEARCH HANDBOOK OF INDIAN AESTHETICS
AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF ART
edited by Arindam Chakrabarti
THE BLOOMSBURY RESEARCH HANDBOOK OF INDIAN
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
edited by Alessandro Graheli
KEYWORDS FOR INDIA
A CONCEPTUAL LEXICON FOR THE
TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Edited by
Rukmini Bhaya Nair and Peter Ronald deSouza
BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK
1385 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA
BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC and the Diana logo are trademarks of
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
First published in Great Britain 2020
Copyright © Rukmini Bhaya Nair, Peter Ronald deSouza and Contributors, 2020
Rukmini Bhaya Nair and Peter Ronald DeSouza have asserted their right under the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Editors of this work.
For legal purposes the Acknowledgements on p. xiii constitute an extension of this copyright page.
Cover design: Mir Suhail with Rukmini Bhaya Nair
Cover image: Woman Writing a Love Letter/Indian Sculpture, 11th Century © akg-images
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information
storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers.
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third-party
websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this book were correct at the
time of going to press. The author and publisher regret any inconvenience caused if addresses have
changed or sites have ceased to exist, but can accept no responsibility for any such changes.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN: HB: 978-1-3500-3924-7
PB: 978-1-3500-3923-0
ePDF: 978-1-3500-3927-8
eBook: 978-1-3500-3925-4
Typeset by Deanta Global Publishing services, Chennai, India
To find out more about our authors and books visit www.bloomsbury.com and
sign up for our newsletters.
CONTENTS
Advisory board members xii
Acknowledgements xiii
Diacritic character table xv
Introduction by Rukmini Bhaya Nair 1
1 Classical heritages: Databases of memory 19
Atma (ātmā) by TRS Sharma 19
Ahimsa (ahinsā/hinsā/satya/asatya/śānti) by Gangeya Mukherji 20
Artha (artha) by Mohini Mullick 22
Aryan (āryan)/Dravidian by Lakshmi Subramaniam 23
Asmita (asmitā) by Sanjay Palshikar 24
Bhava (bhāva) by TRS Sharma 26
Bhakti (bhakti) by TRS Sharma 27
Caste by Surinder S. Jodhka 28
Colonialism/postcolonialism by Ulka Anjaria 30
Darshana (darśana) by Sanjit Chakraborty 33
Dharma (dharma) by Bijoy Boruah 35
Dhyana (Dhyāna) by Bijoy Boruah 37
Golden Temple by Ronki Ram 38
Guru (guru) by Sanjit Chakraborty 39
Haj by Maidul Islam 41
Heritage sites by A. G. K. Menon 42
Hinduism by Shashi Tharoor 43
Indian Ocean by Sanjay Chaturvedi 45
Itihasa (itihāsa) by Sibesh Bhattacharya 47
Janmapatri (janmapatrī) by Rama Kant Agnihotri 48
Kama and Kamasutra (kāma and kāmasūtra) by Gurcharan Das 49
Mahabharata (mahābhārata) by Sibaji Bandyopadhyay 51
Mantra, Tantra, Yantra (mantra, tantra, yantra) by Ranjit Nair 54
Manuvadi (manuvādī) by Sasheej Hegde 55
Maya (māyā) by Mohini Mullick 56
Moksha/Nirvana (mōkṣa/nirvāṇa) by Ranjit Nair 58
Mussalman (musalmān) by Taslima Nasrin 59
Orientalism by Ulka Anjaria 60
Contents
Parsi (pārsī) by Keki Daruwala 62
Pir/Murid (pīr/murīd) by S. Imtiaz Hasnain and Masood Ali Beg 64
Purana (purāṇa) by B. N. Patnaik 65
Kismat/Takdir (qismat/takdīr) by Shivangini Tandon and S. Imtiaz Hasnain 66
Ramayana (rāmāyaṇa) by Paula Richman 68
Sati/Jauhar (satī/jauhar) by Malashri Lal 70
Sufi (sūfī) by S. Imtiaz Hasnain and Masood Ali Beg 72
Zero by Iwan Pranoto and Ranjit Nair 73
2 Contemporary aesthetic modes: Reimaginings 75
Alankara (alaṅkāra) by Harsha V. Dehejia 75
Beauty parlour by Katyayani Dalmia 76
Bharatnatyam (bharatanāṭyam) by Leela Samson 77
Bhoot (bhūta) by Brahma Prakash 79
Bollywood by Ravi Vasudevan 80
Foto (phōṭō) by B. N. Goswamy 82
Gana (gānā) by Antony Arul Valan 83
Gorapan (gōrāpan) by Katyayani Dalmia 84
Gym by Santosh Desai 86
Hero/Heroine by Irwin Allan Sealy 87
Ishq/Pyar (iśq/pyār) by Shivangini Tandon 89
Jatra (jātrā) by Roma Chatterji 90
Leela (līlā) by Leela Samson 91
Naach (nāc) by Brahma Prakash 92
Nakhra (nakhrā) by Brahma Prakash 93
Padma Awards by Vibha Puri Das 94
Qawwālī (qavvālī) by Yousuf Saeed 95
Raga (rāga) by Tista Bagchi 97
Ramlila (rāmlīlā) by Sudha Gopalakrishnan 98
Rangoli (raṅgōlī) by Sudha Gopalakrishnan 100
Rasa (rasa) by Hemachandran Karah 102
Sahitya (sāhitya) by B. N. Patnaik 103
Saree (sāṛī) by Gopika Nath 105
Saundarya (saundarya) by Harsha V. Dehejia 107
Selfie by Seema Khanwalkar 109
Shamiyana (śāmiyānā) by Ira Pande 110
South Indian films by Uma Vangal 112
Taj Mahal by Timeri N. Murari 113
Tamasha (tamāśā) by Arjun Ghosh 114
Vaastu (vāstu) by Rajat Subhra Banerjee 116
Yoga (yōga) by Ranjit Nair 117
vi
Contents
3 Economic mantras, media and technological change 121
Aadhaar (ādhār) by Vijayanka Nair 121
Aspatre/Haspatal (aspatre/haspatāl) by Kavery Nambisan 122
Benami by Paranjoy Guha Thakurta 124
Black economy by Arun Kumar 125
Breaking news by Pamela Philipose 126
Climate change by Navroz K. Dubash 127
Computer/laptop/mobile by Souvik Mukherjee 129
Corporate social responsibility by Arun M. Kumar 131
Cyberbhakt by Thomas Abraham 132
Demonetization by C. Rammanohar Reddy 133
Development by Pulapre Balakrishnan 135
Digital India by Sandeep Mertia 136
Green Revolution by Aditya Dasgupta 138
Human development by A. K. Shiva Kumar 140
Indian Railways by Vijaya Singh 141
Inflation by Dipak Dasgupta 142
Inheritance systems by Bina Agarwal 144
Jhuggi, Jhopri, Slum, Chawl (jhuggī, jhōpd.i, Slum, cāl) by Darryl D’monte 145
Jobless growth by Montek S. Ahluwalia 147
Land grabbing by Varsha Bhagat-Ganguly 149
LPG by Pulapre Balakrishnan 151
Mai Baap Sarkaar (maiṁ bāp sarkār) by Parikshit Ghosh and Debraj Ray 153
Mall by C. Ramachandraiah 155
Mandi/E-chaupal (maṇḍī/E-caupāl) by Jeemol Unni 156
Microfinance by H. S. Shylendra 157
Middle class by Pavan K. Varma 159
Nasbandi (nasbandī) by Poonam Muttreja 160
NREGA (naregā) by Reetika Khera 161
Outsourcing by Souvik Mukherjee 163
Policy paralysis by Vipul Mudgal 165
Pollution by Shahzad Gani and Pallavi Pant 167
Public private partnership by Bibek Debroy 168
Public health by Poonam Muttreja 169
Refugee by Paula Banerjee 171
Reserve Bank of India by Raghavendra Lal Das 172
Sensex by Hoshang Netarwala 174
Social media by P. Vigneswara Ilavarasan 176
Start-up by Souvik Mukherjee 178
Tax by Saba Sharma 179
vii
Contents
4 Intimacies: Culture and material culture 181
Azan (azān) by Hilal Ahmed 181
Badh (baḍh) by Punam Tripathi 182
Balti and Lota (bālṭī and lota) by Shivani Chopra 183
Behenji (bahanjī) by Ajoy Bose 184
Bhadralok (bhadralōk) by Supriya Chaudhuri 185
Bhailo/Bhaiya/Ghanti/Paklo by Rochelle Pinto 187
Bhukamp (bhūkamp) by Punam Tripathi 188
Chappal (cappal) by Gopika Nath 189
Choolah (cūl’hā) by Shahzad Gani and Pallavi Pant 190
Coolie by Harish Trivedi 191
Cricket by Boria Majumdar 192
Cycle-wala (sā’ikilwālā) by Jean Drèze 193
Danda/Lathi/Lathi Charge (ḍaṇḍā/lāṭhī/lāṭhī Charge) by Manindra Thakur 194
Female foeticide by Ravinder Kaur 196
Food by Jasmine Anand 197
Godmen by Akshaya Mukul 200
Godrej almirah (godrej ālmirah) by Dipti Kulkarni 202
Haram/Halal (harām/halāl) by Amir Ali 203
Izzat/Sharam/Honour Killing (izzat/śaram) by Shivangini Tandon 205
Jagannath/Juggernaut (jagannāth/juggernaut) by Jatindra Kumar Nayak 206
Jagran/Kirtan/Bhajan (jāgaraṇ/kīrtan/bhajan) by Jaskiran K. Mathur 207
Jharoo/Teel Jharoo/Eerkali Chool (jhāḍū/teel jhāḍū/eerkali chool)
by Susan Visvanathan 208
Jootha (jūṭhā) by Rama Kant Agnihotri 209
Kabbadi, Gili Danda, Jallikatta (kabaḍḍī, gillī ḍaṇḍā, jallīkaṭṭū) by Souvik Naha 210
Kai (kāī) by Vanamala Viswanatha 212
Kayaka (kayaka) by N. Manu Chakravarthy 213
Khadi (khādī) by Tridip Suhrud 214
Lakshman Rekha (lakṣmaṇ rēkhā) by Rukmini Bhaya Nair 215
Mada, Nall (mād, nāl) by Alito Siqueira and Asawari Nayak 217
Mela (mēlā) by Chandan Gowda 217
Missed call by Satish Padmanabhan 219
Prakriti/Sanskriti (prakr̥ti/sanskr̥ti) by Ranjeeta Dutta 220
Ramzan (ramzān) by Hilal Ahmed 221
Shamshan (śamśāna) by Ipshita Chanda 222
Sogadu (sogāṛū) by N. Manu Chakravarthy 224
Susegad (sussegād) by Alito Siqueira and Asawari Nayak 224
Stamp paper by Ramanjit Kaur Johal 225
Street children by Harsh Mander 227
Street vendors by Ritajyoti Bandyopadhyay 228
Temple entry by Dipti Kulkarni 230
viii
Contents
Tribal customary law by Melvil Pereira 231
Zanana (zanānā) by Nazima Parveen 231
5 Emancipatory imaginaries 233
Adivasi (ādivāsī) by Virginius Xaxa 233
Ambedkarite by V. Geetha 235
Amir Gharib (amīr/gharīb) by S. Imtiaz Hasnain and Masood Ali Beg 237
Anganwadi (āṅganavāḍī) by Sarojini Ganju Thakur 239
AYUSH (āyūṣ) by Madhulika Banerjee 241
Bhaichara (bhā’īcārā) by Satish Aikant 245
Chandrayaan (candrayāṇ) by Gopal N. Raj 247
Dalit (dalit) by Gopal Guru 248
Democracy by Peter Ronald deSouza 249
Disability by Annie Koshi 251
Dowry (dahēj) by N. Jayaram 252
Gandhian by Sudarsan Padmanabhan 253
Gaon (gānv) by Jitender Parsad 255
Hijra (hijḍā)/LGBT by Ashley Tellis 257
Janta (jantā)/public by Rama Kant Agnihotri 258
Love marriage by Rajni Palriwala 259
Maa (māṁ) by Geetanjali Shree 262
Madrasa (madrasā) by Mohd. Sanjeer Alam 264
Modernity by Kavita Panjabi 266
Mohalla (mōhallā) by Nazima Parveen 269
Nehruvian by Madhavan Palat 271
Parivar/Samaj/Biradri (parivār/samāj/birādarī) by Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay 272
Patriarchy by Uma Chakravarti 274
Police reforms by Prakash Singh 276
RTI by The MKSS Collective 278
Shakti (śakti) by Vrinda Dalmiya 280
Scientific temper by Ranjit Nair 281
Self-respect by V. Geetha 282
Seva (sēvā) by Tridip Suhrud 284
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (sarva śikṣā abhiyān) by Vimala Ramachandran 286
Sudhar (sudhār) by Tridip Suhrud 287
Sukh-dukh (sukh-dukh) by Aditi Mukherjee 288
Swaraj (svarāj) by Dunu Roy 289
Virangana (vīrāṅgaṇā) by Usha Mudiganti 292
Visva-Bharati (viśva-bhāratī) by Partha Ghose 293
Vote bank by Manisha Madhava 295
Yojana (yōjanā)/Planning by Nalini Nayak and Pulin B. Nayak 296
ix