Keynote and Oral Papers1. Algal diversity and species delimitation

100 Pages·2015·1.12 MB·English

European Journal of Phycology
ISSN: 0967-0262 (Print) 1469-4433 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tejp20
Keynote and Oral Papers
To cite this article: (2015) Keynote and Oral Papers, European Journal of Phycology, 50:sup1,
22-120, DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2015.1069489
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2015.1069489
Published online: 20 Aug 2015.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 76
View related articles
View Crossmark data
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at
http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tejp20
Download by: [University of Kiel] Date: 22 September 2015, At: 02:13
Keynote and Oral Papers
1. Algal diversity and species delimitation: new tools, new
insights
1KN.1 1KN.2
HOWCOMPLEMENTARYBARCODINGAND GENERATINGTHEDIVERSITY-
POPULATIONGENETICSANALYSESCAN UNCOVERINGTHESPECIATION
HELPSOLVETAXONOMICQUESTIONSAT MECHANISMSINFRESHWATERAND
SHORTPHYLOGENETICDISTANCES:THE TERRESTRIALMICROALGAE
EXAMPLEOFTHEBROWNALGA
PavelŠkaloud([email protected])
PYLAIELLALITTORALIS
5 ChristopheDestombe1([email protected]), DepartmentofBotany,CharlesUnivrsityinPrague,
1
20 AlexandreGeoffroy1([email protected]), Prague12801,CzechRepublic
er LineLeGall2([email protected]),Stéphane
b
m Mauger3([email protected])andMyriamValero4 Species are one of the fundamental units of biology,
e
pt ([email protected]) comparabletogenesorcells.Understandingthegeneral
e
S patterns and processes of speciation can facilitate the
2
2 1StationBiologiquedeRoscoff,SorbonneUniversités, formulationandtestingofhypothesesinthemostimpor-
3
1 UniversitéPierreetMarieCurie,CNRS,Roscoff tant questions facing biology today,includingthe fitof
2:
0 29688,France;2InstitutdeSystématique,Evolution, organisms to their environment and the dynamics and
] at Biodiversité,UMR7205CNRS-EPHE-MNHN-UPMC, patterns of organismal diversity. Though eukaryotic
Kiel MuséumNationald’HistoireNaturelle,Paris75231, microorganisms are extremely numerous, diverse and
f France;3StationBiologiquedeRoscoff,CNRS, essential in global ecosystem functioning, they are lar-
o
y SorbonneUniversités,UniversitéPierreetMarie gely understudied by evolutionary biologists compared
rsit Curie,Roscoff29688,Franceand4StationBiologique withmulticellularorganisms.Inpartowingtotheirsmall
e
niv deRoscoff,CNRS,SorbonneUniversités,Université sizesanddifficultyinculturing,ourknowledgeoftheir
U PierreetMarieCurie,Roscoff29688,France diversity and evolutionary processes is considerably
[
y limited.In particular,verylittleis knownabout specia-
b
d The great phenotypic variability and the lack of diag- tionmechanismsgeneratingthediversityofmicroalgae.
e
d
a nostic characters in the genus Pylaiellarender the sys- Inthistalk,Iwillpresentseveralexamplesofspeciation
o
nl tematic study of this genus problematic. In the present mechanismsdetectedinfreshwaterandterrestrialalgae,
w
o study, we investigated the diversity of Pylaiella littor- includinglimiteddispersal,naturalpolyploidization,and
D
alis (Linnaeus) Kjellman along the Brittany (France) ecological divergence. In general, climatic- and
coastusingaDNAbarcodingmultilocusapproachwith habitat-niche differentiation seems to represent the
mitochondrial (cox1, nad1 and atp9) and chloroplastic most important force that drives the originof new spe-
(rbcL and atpB) markers associated with a population cies.Accordingly,despitethecosmopolitandistribution
genetics approach using 10 microsatellite markers. In of many eukaryotic microorganisms, local fine-scale
addition, spatio-temporal sampling was conducted structuringofecologicallydistinctgenotypesmayrepre-
along the Brittany coast. Mitochondrial sequence sent the most plausible explanation for their extremely
results revealed the occurrence of two cryptic species, highspeciesrichness.
with a minimum of 2.4% divergence between them.
Microsatellitegenotypicdatarecoveredthreewellsup-
ported clusters matching the two mtDNA clusters of 1KN.3
Pylaiella. While gene flow is limited between mito-
HIGH-CONTENTFLUORESCENCE
chondrialclusters,occurrenceofgeneticadmixturesin
MICROSCOPYAPPLIEDTOMARINE
somepopulationssuggeststhatreproductiveisolationis
PROTISTSECOLOGY
not complete. Our study highlights how the combina-
tion of phylogenetic and population genetics SebastienPMColin1([email protected]),Luis-
approaches can help determine algal diversity and PedroCoelho2([email protected]),Volker
studyboundariesbetweencloselyrelatedspecies. Hilsenstein3([email protected]),Rainer
ISSN0967-0262(print)/ISSN1469-4433(online)/15/S10022-120©2015BritishPhycologicalSociety
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2015.1069489
KeynoteandOralPapers 23
Pepperkok3([email protected]),EricKarsenti4 targetingdiversebiologicalfunction,inordertotackle
([email protected]),ChrisBowler5(cbowler@ allsortsofecologicalquestions.
biologie.ens.fr)andColombandeVargas1(vargas@sb-
roscoff.fr)
1AdaptationandDiversityintheMarine 1OR.1
Environment,CNRS-UPMCStationBiolgogiquede
GAPSTOFILLWHENANALYZING
Roscoff,Roscoff29680,France;2Structuraland
FRESHWATERDIATOMDIVERSITYWITH
ComputationalBiology,EuropeanMolecularBiology DNABARCODING–NOTESFROMA
Laboratory,Heidelberg69117,Germany;3Advanced
BOREALREGION
LightMicroscopyFacility,EuropeanMolecular
BiologyLaboratory,Heidelberg69117,Germany; MariaKahlert1([email protected]),Agnes
4Director’sresearch,EuropeanMolecularBiology Bouchez2([email protected]),Philippe
Laboratory,Heidelberg69117,Germanyand5Institut Chaumeil3([email protected]),
deBiologieIBENS,ENSCNRS,PARIS75005,France AlainFranc3([email protected]),
Jean-MarcFrigerio3(Jean-Marc.Frigerio@pierroton.
The mainstream tool in marine ecosystems biology is inra.fr),FredericRimet2([email protected].
massiveDNAsequencing,allowingdetailedinventory fr),FranckSalin3([email protected])and
5 ofmicrobialenvironmentalgeneticdiversity.However, ValentinVasselon2([email protected])
01 the large majority of meta-omics data, in particular in
r 2 eukaryotic size-fractions, are not yet assigned to any 1Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment,
e
b described organisms. This greatly limits our under- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,
m
e standingoftheecosystemicandbiogeochemicalfunc- Uppsala 750 07, Sweden; 2INRA, UMR CARRTEL,
Sept tions of the genetically unveiled diversity. Linking Thonon-les-Bains 74200, France and 3INRA, UMR
2 environmental genes andgenomesto organismalphe- BIOGECO, Cestas 33610, France
2
3 notypes and morphology is arguably one of the next
1
2: bigchallengeinecosystemsecology.Fewavailablein- The idea of using DNA metabarcoding as a more reli-
0
at flowimagingtechnologies(FlowCytoBot,CytoSense, ableandmostofallcost-effectivetoolforenvironmental
el] ImageStream,FlowCAM...)proposeavaluableima- assessment based on freshwater benthic diatom biodi-
Ki versity has enchanted stakeholders now asking when
gingratethatmaymatchNextGenerationSequencing
y of sensitivity. Unfortunately, the trade-off between speed these tools will be available for routine usage.
sit and image quality significantly impacts the images However, traditional methods using diatom taxa data
ver information content and limits analyses to relatively generated by microscopical identification have a good
Uni narroworganismalsizeranges.Wedeveloped a novel rumor to be very effective tools in the assessment of
y [ strategy – we call e-HCFM for environmental water quality status, and we should be careful to just
d b High-Content Fluorescence Microscopy – directly exchangemethods.Beforemoleculardatacanbecomea
de inspired from high-throughput quantitative fluores- standard for assessing algal diversity in environmental
a
nlo cence microscopy for cell biology. Our protocol assessment, we need to compare the results of both to
w includes planktonic cells fixation/multi-staining/ analyze advantages and drawbacks of each method.
Do mounting/automated imaging and taxonomic annota- Here, we present a first analysis of a setup of ecologi-
tion. The fluorescent labeling strategy aims at making callyverydifferentstreamsofSwedeninaquantitative
comparisonofDNAmetabarcoding(rbcLbarcode)and
visible all eukaryotic cells by highlighting a few key
microscopical counts. We used using next-generation
features: nuclei, compartmentalization (i.e. mem-
sequencing, a dedicated bioinformatics pipeline and a
branes), chloroplast and exo-skeleton. The use of
curatedDNAreferencelibrary.Manyofthedominating
ConfocalLaserScanningMicroscopy(CLSM)allows
diatomspeciesoftheborealregionweremissinginthe
3D-imaginganalysisofthewiderangeofcellsizeand
database, which complicated the methods comparison.
morphologies displayed by planktonic protists. It sig-
nificantly improves the quality and quantity of mea- Still, even when taxa were represented in the reference
database, we found quite a large number of taxa being
surementsextractedfromeachimagedcells.e-HCFM
detected by only one of the methods. We hypothesize
may bring critical information on eukaryotic cells
that at least a part of this difference depends on the
shape, volumes, and organelles, contributing to both
automatedtaxonomicidentificationandrecognitionof choiceofthebarcodinggap,becausewefoundthatthe
relativeabundanceofcertaintaxadecreasedorincreased
keybiological andbiogeochemicalfeatures atthesin-
dependingonwhichgapwasusedforthereadsassign-
gle-cell level, including life-cycle stages and potential
ment. We suggest that the barcoding gap should be
symbioses sensu lato. A case-study based on samples
adaptedtothecladeinquestion,asitisnothomogenous
from the Tara Oceans expedition is presented. The
among different diatom groups. Our perspective is to
primary version e-HCFM described herein can be
achieve more complete and correct taxa lists for both
used as a backbone for several staining protocols
KeynoteandOralPapers 24
methods as another step for the routine usage of meta- ([email protected])andPeterRaimondi2(raimondi
barcodingmethodsinthefuture. @ucsc.edu)
1OR.2 1CCMAR,UniversityofAlgarve,Faro8005-139,
GENDERSTUDIESINSEAWEEDS- PortugalandDepartmentofEcologyand
EXPRESSIONANDEVOLUTIONARYRATES EvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofCaliforniaSanta
OFSEX-BIASEDGENESINFUCOIDBROWN Cruz,LongMarineLaboratory,SantaCruzCA
ALGAE 95060,USA
GarethAPearson([email protected])
Modernmoleculartoolsarecontributingtoarenewed
interestintherolesofhybridizationandpolyploidyin
CentreofMarineSciences,UniversityoftheAlgarve,
evolution. These processes combine in allopolyploid
Faro8005-139,Portugal
speciation, best known from plants and a few verte-
brate lineages. Additional models across the tree of
Sexually dimorphic males and females share a largely
life may provide new insights underlying the factors
commongeneticbackground,leadingtothesuggestion
leadingtoallopolyploidformation,establishmentand
thatgeneexpressionisthemajordeterminantofsexual
evolutionary success. We investigated the evolution-
phenotype. Sex-biased genes controlling reproductive
ary history of Hesperophycus/Pelvetiopsis, a brown
functions are candidates having roles in lineage diver-
algal (Stramenopiles) seaweed complex, screening a
5 genceandspeciationprocesses.Wehaveanalysedsex-
1 diverse panel of populations of Hesperophycus cali-
0
2 biased expression in several members of the family
r fornicus and Pelvetiopsis limitata senso lato using a
e Fucaceaebycomparingthetranscriptomesofreproduc-
b variety of nuclear/organelle sequencing/typing mar-
m
tive tissues, and used sequence information to study
e kers.Fourspecieswererecovered,includingP.arbor-
pt patterns of adaptive evolution in a phylogenetic frame-
e escens(taxonomicallyunclearpreviously)andanew
S
2 work.Comparativetranscriptomicsofmaleandfemale unrecognized species. Gene paraphyly, cyto-nuclear
2
3 reproductivetissueagainstthevegetativebackgroundin conflict,fixedheterozygosityandallelestatesstrongly
1
2: Fucus vesiculosus revealed many more male-biased supported the allopolyploid nature of two of these
0
at (MBG) than female-biased genes (FBG); 1,127 and entities and the male contribution of P. arborescens
] 174 transcripts, respectively. Expression analysis of
el toboth.P.arborescenshasanextremelyreducedand
Ki orthologues showed that MBG were more consistently non-overlapping geographical distribution compared
f sex-biased across different species than FBG. This
o with the most recent (and possibly still expanding)
y might be related both to male specialization (e.g., the
rsit presence of flagella uniquely in sperm cells), and to allopolyploid taxa. Conversely, the older allopoly-
ve ploidispresentlythemostwidespreadtaxa,although
ni female functional pleiotropy. Specialization was illu- its maternal ancestral is probably extinct. Our results
U
stratedbythefactthatover60%ofMBGinF.vesicu-
y [ provide evidence for ecological divergence allowing
b losus were uniquely-expressed in male reproductive
d allopolyploidstolocallyco-existwithdiploidparental
e tissue. These male-unique genes (MUG) showed dis-
d species,whichmayevenbeoutperformedinthelong
nloa tbiinacsticvoemevpoarluedtiownaitrhyfpeamttaelren-s,,oinrcnluodni-nbgiarseedducgeednecsod(io.en.-, term.
w
o reduced GC3 content, and higher effective number of
D
codons), suggesting relaxation of selective pressure for 1OR.4
translationalefficiencyand/oraccuracy.Analysisof439
ELUCIDATINGUNRESOLVEDINVASION
geneswithcodon-basedbranch-sitemodelsofadaptive
HISTORYWITHGENOME-WIDE
evolutionshowedthatthenumberofsitesunderpositive
SEQUENCINGAPPROACH:THECASEOF
selection was greatest in the MUG group, followed by THEGLOBALINVADERSARGASSUM
MBG,FBGandnon-biasedgenes.Together,ourresults MUTICUM
suggest that tissue-specific expression is linked to
reduced selective and/or pleiotropic constraint, which SabrinaLeCam([email protected]),Claire
in turn may drive accelerated rates of adaptive DaguinThiébaut([email protected]),Sarah
divergence. Bouchemousse([email protected])
andFrédériqueViard([email protected])
1OR.3
TeamDivCo,CNRSStationbiologiquedeRoscoff,
PHYLOGENETICANDBIOGEOGRAPHICAL
Roscoff29680,France
PATTERNSOFALLOPOLYPLOID
SPECIATIONINANINTERTIDALFUCOID
The brown seaweed Sargassum muticum is one of the
SEAWEEDASSEMBLAGE
most emblematic non-indigenous seaweed species.
JoãoNeiva1([email protected]),LauraAnderson2 Native to Asia, it has successfully invaded the North-
([email protected]),EsterASerrão1 Eastern Pacific coasts since the 1940s and the
KeynoteandOralPapers 25
North-Eastern Atlantic since the 1970s. Introduction SorbonneUniversités,Paris75005,Franceand
historyinthesetwoareasremainedunresolvedbecause 4PhycologyResearchGroup,GhentUniversity,Ghent
introduced populations were found to be genetically 9000,Belgium
monomorphic. For instance, a previous study showed
thatall1200individuals,from46introducedAmerican The subclass Corallinophycidae encompasses four
and European populations, shared the exact same orders of benthic red algae unique by the presence of
multi-locus genotype at 14 microsatellites. To under- calcite. While the order Rhodogorgonales is a
stand this pattern, and elucidate the invasion history of species-poor and mainly a tropical group of gelatinous
S.muticum,wedevelopedagenotyping-by-sequencing algae with calcification limited to calcite husks, the
method (ddRadseq), for thr first time in an invasive orders Sporolithales, Hapalidiales and Corallinales are
seaweed. Large scale libraries were successfully diverseandwidelydistributed,characterizedbyhaving
sequenced for 303 individuals from 21 populations calcifiedwallsandhighlyvariablemorphology.Despite
(Europe: 9, North-West America: 7 and Japan: 5). recent clarification of phylogenetic relationships, the
Conversely to previous studies, genetic polymorphism origin and evolution of this group is still controversial.
was detected in the introduced populations with 2026 Basedonthepresenceofdistinctiveanatomicalfeatures,
SNPs (He = 0.15 and 0.12 in American and European the literature dated back the first fossil records in the
areas respectively). Nevertheless, much larger diversity early Cretaceous (140 Mya); however, the presence of
was found in the native range and, as expected, severe ancientextincttaxaresemblingcorallineredalgaecould
5 founder events were evidenced in the introduction suggestanearlieroriginbacktotheNeoproterozoic(ca.
1
0 ranges. A decreasing number of polymorphic loci was 600 Mya). In this study we will apply a molecular
2
r observed between the native range, NWAmerica and evolution approach integrating comprehensive molecu-
e
mb Europe (1259, 455 and 232 respectively) as well as lardataandfossilrecordstowardestimatingthedegree
pte strong genetic similarities between America and ofgeneticdivergenceamonglineagesandtheirtimeof
Se Europe; both supporting predictions of a secondary evolutionarydivergenceaswellastheageoftheirmost
22 introductioninEuropefromAmericawhereS.muticum recent common ancestor. This approach will involve
13 was introduced earlier. Genetic structure was observed phylogenetic analyses of molecular data obtained for
02: within each introduction range. In Europe, the seven genes (cox1, psbA, rbcL, 23S rRNA, SSU
at MediterraneanandPortuguesepopulationsdifferedsig- rRNA,LSUrRNAandEF2),andtherevisionofavail-
]
el nificantly and in America, populations from the Puget ableliteratureontaxonomy,phylogenyandsystematics
Ki
f Soundwerehighlydifferentiatedfromthoseofsouthern forallthegeneracurrentlyacceptedtaxonomically.An
o
y California.Whilethelinkbetweengeneticdiversityand exhaustive list of fossil records encompassing different
sit invasion success has often been highlighted in marine genera will be compiled in order to obtain the most
r
e
v systems,ourresultsdocumentasuccessstoryofaglobal accurate timeline for calibrating the Corallinophycidae
ni
U invasionwithlimitedgeneticpolymorphism.Moregen- phylogeny.Diagnosticcharactersemployedforthedis-
y [ erally,theyconfirmtherelevanceofgenome-widestra- tinctionatthesupragenericlevelpertainingtothethree
b
d tegies to investigate the genetic diversity of weakly phasesoftheirlifecyclewillbealsoanalysedinorderto
e
d polymorphicalgalspecies. select characters, whichhave relevant signal in light of
a
o
nl the evolution of coralline algae inferred from our
w
phylogeny.
o 1OR.5
D
EVOLUTIONARYORIGINOFCORALLINE
REDALGAE(CORALLINOPHYCIDAE,
1OR.6
RHODOPHYTA)INFERREDFROM
MULTILOCUSTIME-CALIBRATED THEPATHOGENSOFBROWNALGAE
PHYLOGENY ANISOLPIDIUMECTOCARPIIAND
ANISOLPIDIUMROSENVINGEIDEFINEA
VivianaPeña1([email protected]),JuanCarlosBraga2
NEWCLASSOFMARINEANTERIORLY
([email protected]),JulioAguirre2([email protected]),
UNICILIATEOOMYCETES
AnjaRösler2([email protected]),LineLeGall3
([email protected])andOlivierDeClerck4(olivier. ClaireMMGachon1([email protected]),KyleI
[email protected]) Fletcher2(k.fl[email protected]),YacineBadis1
([email protected]),PietervanWest3(p.van-
1BIOCOSTResearchGroup,UniversidadedaCoruña, [email protected])andDieterGMüller4(dieter.ger-
ACoruña15071,Spain;2Departamentode [email protected])
EstratigrafíayPaleontología,UniversidaddeGranada,
Granada18002,Spain;3EquipeExploration,Espèces 1MicrobialandMolecularBiology,Scottish
etEvolution,InstitutdeSystématique,Evolution, AssociationforMarineScience,ObanPA371QA,
Biodiversité,UMR7205ISYEBCNRS,MNHN,UPMC, UnitedKingdom;2Oceanlab,UniversityofAberdeen,
EPHE,Muséumnationald’Histoirenaturelle(MNHN), NewburghAB416AA,UnitedKingdom;3Aberdeen
KeynoteandOralPapers 26
OomyceteLaboratory,InstituteofMedicalSciences, 4EcologyAssessmentUnit,ScottishEnvironment
AberdeenAB252ZD,UnitedKingdomand ProtectionAgency(SEPA),HolytownML14WQ,
4FachbereichBiologie,UniversitaetKonstanz, UnitedKingdom;5MarineBioscience,Fukui
KonstanzD-78457,Germany PrefecturalUniversity,ObamaFukui917-0003,
Japanand6PalaeoceanologyUnit,Universityof
Despitetheirabundanceinthefield,andtheirsuspected Szczecin,Szczecin70-383,Poland
roleinregulatingtheabundanceoftheirhostpopulation,
hyphochytrid pathogens of brown algae have been Nitzschia Hassall is now probably the largest single
hardlystudied.Usinglaboratorycultures,wedocument genus of diatoms (perhaps 1000 species), split in >10
here the life cycle of Anisolpidium ectocarpii, a patho- sections(Cleve&Grunow1880).Itisalsoremarkable
gen of Ectocarpus and other filamentous brown algae, for being highly diverse: with respect to its ecology
and present preliminary observations on Anisolpidium (e.g.commonandoftenabundantinfreshwater,brack-
rosenvingei. Consistent with earlier reports, the zoos- ish and marine habitats; some species recognised as
pores of both species have a single anterior flagellum, bioindicators of organic or metal pollution, etc), phy-
whichjustifiedtheplacementofAnisolpidiumamongst siology (e.g. phototrophs, heterotrophs, mixotrophs),
the Hyphochytridiales (Hyphochytridiomycota). life cycle (e.g. homo- and heterothallic, automictic,
Unexpectedly, nuclear (SSU rRNA) and mitochondrial avoiding size reduction). However, Nitzschia is also
(cox 1, cox2) markers regroup A. rosenvingei, A. ecto- notorious for its taxonomic difficulty: several species
5 carpii and other marine environmental sequences have very few diagnostic characters in the LM.
01 into a hitherto unrecognised monophyletic clade Furthermore, based on morphology several genera
2
r within the oomycetes (Oomycota), most closely havebeenseparatedfrom Nitzschia(e.g.Tryblionella,
e
mb related to the Olpidiopsidiales and Haliphthorales. Psammodictyon, Simonsenia) but their interrelation-
pte The Anisolpidium genus is therefore entirely distinct ships are still unclear. We assembled a four-gene data
Se from the Hyphochytridiales and represents the first set (nuclear LSU and SSU, plastid rbcL and psbC) of
22 unquestionable instance of an anteriorly uniciliate several species of Nitzschia and related genera.
13 oomycete. We also show that A. ectocarpii can Analysis shows that Nitzschia and even some of its
02: complete its infection cycle in a broad selection of sectionsarenon-monophyleticaspreviouslysuggested
at species from various brown algal orders, suggesting by some single or two-gene phylogenies. Our results
]
el that species delimitation within the genus also pin point characters that have been conservative
Ki
Anisolpidium should not merely be based on the duringevolution(e.g.ultrastructureofstriaeorsystems
f
y o identity of the algal host, as is presently the case. of strips found in the auxospore wall), whereas auto-
sit Finally, a working hypothesis is generated in an mixis has evolved at least twice independently in
r
ve attempt to establish a new criterion for the separa- Nitzschiasect.Lanceolatae.
Uni tion of hyphochytrids from oomycetes, based on the
[
y point of zoospore cleavage.
b
ed 1OR.8
d
a
o THEORIGINOFDIVERSITYINGREEN
nl 1OR.7
w ALGAE
Do AMOLECULARAPPROACHTONITZSCHIA:
MarcKrasovec1([email protected]),
ESTABLISHINGAFRAMEWORKFOR
SophieSanchez-Ferandin1(sophie.sanchez-
CLASSIFYINGAHIGHLYDIVERSEAND
[email protected]),AdamEyre-Walker2(a.c.
TAXONOMICALLYDIFFICULTDIATOM
[email protected])andGwenaëlPiganeau3
GROUP
([email protected])
RosaTrobajo1([email protected]),DavidG
Mann2([email protected]),Chunlian Li 3 1IntegrativeBiologyofMarineOrganisms,UMR
([email protected]), Laia Rovira4 (laia. 7232,PierreandMarieCurieUniversity,Banyulssur
[email protected]), ShinyaSato5(ssato@fpu. mer66650,France;2Evolution,Behaviourand
ac.jp),PrzemysławDąbek6(przemyslaw.debek@univ. Environment,UniversityofSussex,BrightonBN1
szczecin.pl)andAndrzejWitkowski6(witkowski@ 9RH,UnitedKingdomand3IntegrativeBiologyof
univ.szczecin.pl) MarineOrganisms,UMR7232,CNRS,Banyulssur
mer66650,France
1AquaticEcosystems,InstituteforFoodand
AgriculturalResearchandTechnology(IRTA),Sant Mutations are the main drivers of diversity and specia-
CarlesdelaRapita43540,Spain;2ScienceDivision, tion. They generate the genetic diversity natural selec-
RoyalBotanicGardenEdinburgh,EdinburghEH3 tion acts upon. Exploring the process of mutation is
5OR,UnitedKingdom;3PalaeoceanologyUnit, fundamental for our understanding the diversification
UniversityofSzczecin,Szczecin70-383,Poland; and the evolution of eukaryotes. The spontaneous
KeynoteandOralPapers 27
mutation rate is currently available for a few model natalensis. Broad predictions of a specimen’s phylo-
organisms including the freshwater green alga, geny, based on representatives of its secondary meta-
Chlamydomonasreinhardtii.Wewillpresenttheresults bolome,provedviable.Relatedspeciespossesssimilar
ofmutationaccumulationexperimentsinfivestrainsof chemicalprofiles,e.g.L.complanata,L.sodwaniensis
unicellular haploid marine green algae; 4 sp. nov. and L.multiclavata sp.nov. produced similar
Mamiellophyeae (Ostreococcus tauri, O. mediterra- metabolites to their sister species as inferred by the
neus, Micromonas pusilla, Bathycoccus prasinosi) and rbcL phylogeny. In addition, a 1H NMR profiling
oneTrebouxiophyceae(Picochlorumspp.).Thesephy- study on the crude organic extracts of various
toplanktonicorganismsareatthebaseofthefoodwebin Laurencia species generated distinctive, reproducible
coastaloceanicareas.Theirgenomesizesfrom13Mbto spectra,showingthe valueof NMRspectroscopyasa
22MbandtheirGCcompositionfrom46to65%makes rudimentaryspeciesdiscernmenttool.
them ideal species to investigate the interplay between
genome architecture and mutation rates. The mutation
rateisassessedbywholegenomere-sequencingofone
mother line and an average of 30 lines maintained for 1OR.10
5000generationsperspecies.
SPECIESDIVERSITYANDMOLECULAR
PHYLOGENYOFTHECRUSTOSE
CORALLINEALGAE(CORALLINALES,
5 1OR.9 RHODOPHYTA)FROMTHEWARMWATER
1
0
2 WESTERNPACIFICOCEANWITHAN
r CHEMISTRYMEETSBIOSYSTEMATICS:
e EMPHASISONSPECIESFROMTAIWAN
b PARALLELSTUDIESONTHEDIVERSITYOF
m
e THELAURENCIACOMPLEX Showe-MeiLin1([email protected]),Li-ChiaLiu1
pt
e (RHODOMELACEAE,RHODOPHYTA)IN ([email protected])andClaudePayri2(claude.
S
2 SOUTHAFRICA [email protected])
2
3
1 JameelFakee1([email protected]),
2: 1InstituteofMarineBiology,NationalTaiwanOcean
0 CaitlynneFrancis2([email protected]),
Kiel] at MDeanttziiol4B(elyudkieasn3e(mdabtetuiok@[email protected])a,)R,oLbyedritaJne RNUeoncuihvmeererscaiht9ye,8pK8o1eue8rl/u9lne8g8D0Cé0vi,teyNlo2ep0wp2e2Cm4a,eleTndat,oiwUnaiManR(aFnErdeNn2TcInhRs)OtiPtuItEd,e
f Anderson5([email protected])andJohnJ
o
y Bolton6([email protected])
sit Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are important marine
er producers and play a critical role in marine ecosystem
v 1SchoolofPharmacy,RhodesUniversity,Grahamstown
ni including many reef-building species. CCA are classi-
U 6140,SouthAfrica;2BiologicalSciences,Universityof
[ fied into two red algal orders - the Corallinales and
y CapeTown,CapeTown7701,SouthAfrica;3Schoolof
b Sporolithales,whicharecharacterizedbyhavingcalcar-
d Pharmacy,UniversityoftheWesternCape,Bellvillle
ade 7535,SouthAfrica;4SchoolofPlantBiology,University eous deposits withinthe cell walls and all reproductive
o structures developing in conceptacles or pits. Previous
nl ofWesternAustralia,Crawley6009,Australia;5Branch
w taxonomicrecordsofCCAinTaiwanweresolelybased
o Fisheries,DepartmentofAgriculture,Forestryand
D onmorphologicalobservations.Ourpresentstudyisthe
Fisheries,Roggebaai8012,SouthAfricaand
firstattempttoapplyforamoleculartoolfordocument-
6DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofCape
ing the species diversity and inferring their intra- and
Town,Rondebosch7701,SouthAfrica
interspecific relationships based on psbA and SSU
sequence analyses. In this study, more than 100 CCA
TheLaurenciacomplexisoneofthemoststudiedalgal
collections were collected and sequenced from Taiwan
groups with regard to secondary metabolites. A taxo-
and the neighbouring islands. Seven natural assem-
nomic study in South Africa, using morphology and
blages (= genera) and more than 18 subclades (= spe-
anatomyaswellassequencingoftherbcLmarker,has
cies) were revealed based on two gene phylogenetic
raised the diversity from an initial 10 species of
analyses. In particular, one large assemblage contains
Laurencia, to 14 species (including 5 described as
new), and produced the first records of Palisada, some undescribed species positioned within the
Lithothamnion/Mesophyllum/Phymatolithon complex.
Chondrophycus and Laurenciella. This has increased
Wewillfurthertestthesignificanceofthemorphological
theknownSouthAfricanspeciesto19,plus6potential
characters currently used for separating Mesophyllum
taxa to be described. Isolation and detailed character-
andPhymatolithonandrelatedgenera.Moresamplings
izationof secondarymetabolitesof8of thesespecies,
andphylogeneticanalyseswillbeconductedtounravel
including two of the new species, produced 31 com-
the species diversity and their biogeographic relation-
pounds, some of them original. Algoane, which was
shipsinthewarmwaterwesternPacificOceaninorder
previouslyonlyreportedfromasea-hare,provedtobe
tounderstandtheirevolutionaryhistories.
a unique marker compound isolated from Laurencia
KeynoteandOralPapers 28
1OR.11 collectionstreatedinawiderangeofdryingandstorage
LITHOPHYLLUMCONGESTUM conditionsstillprovideshortbutinformativesequences
(rbcL 300 bp, psbA 600 bp); ii) Mediterranean collec-
(CORALLINALES,RHODOPHYTA)WHAT
AREYOUANDWHATAREN’TYOU? tions identified as Lithophyllum stictaeforme does not
matchthegeneticinformationofL.congestumobtained
RECEIVINGSOMEINNERSIGNALSFROM
from type and herbarium material, suggesting that the
DNAANDMORPHO-ANATOMYTOCLARIFY
synonymization is incorrect; iii) PsbA sequences of
OURUNDERSTANDINGONTHESPECIES
LithophyllumcongestumfromtheCaribbeanareidenti-
JazminJHernandez-Kantun1([email protected]), cal and possibly conspecific with specimens from
NestorRobinson2([email protected]), Madagascar, Australia and Japan, but also with some
VivianaPeña3([email protected]),PaulGabrielson4 recordsidentifiedasL.kotschyanum,changingprevious
([email protected]),RafaelRiosmena- schemes on its distribution range. This case study on
Rodriguez5([email protected]),LineLeGall6 Lithophyllumcongestumaimstoprovidenewstrategies
([email protected]),FabioRindi7(f.rindi@ and decisions for studies of coralline algae species and
univpm.it)andWalterHAdey8([email protected]) diversity,focusingonmolecularmarkers,samplingstrat-
egyandmorphologicalanalyses.
1BotanyDepartment,SmithsonianInstitution,
Washington,DC20560-0166,UnitedStates;2Biologia
Marina,UniversidadAutonomadeBajaCalifornia
5
1 Sur,LaPaz,BCS23080,Mexico;3Departamentode 1OR.12
0
2
r BioloxíaAnimal,BioloxíaVexetaleEcoloxía, RIPPLESOFTHEPAST:HOWMUCH
e
b UniversidadedaCoruña,ACoruña15001,Spain;
m ENDEMISMISTHEREINSEAWEEDS?
e 4UniversityofNorthCarolinaHerbarium,University
ept ofNorthCarolina,NorthCarolina27599-3280, JulietBrodie([email protected])
S
2 UnitedStates;5BiologiaMarina,Universidad
2
3 AutonomadeBajaCaliforniaSur,LaPaz,BCS23080, LifeSciences,NaturalHistoryMuseum,London
1
2: Mexico;6InstitutdeSystématique,Evolution, CR35EG,UnitedKingdom
0
at Biodiversité,,MuséumNationald’HistoireNaturelle,
Kiel] PViatarise7d5e0ll0’A5,mFbriaenntcee,;U7DniivpearrstiitmàePnotolitdeicnSicciaendzeelldeella Sidienncteifitchaetioapnplaincdatisoynstoefmmatoiclsecouflarthteecshenaiwqueeedssin(rtehde,
of Marche-UNIVPM,Ancona60131,Italyand8Botany, green and brown macroalgae), it has become increas-
y ingly clear that there is considerably more diversity
rsit SmithsonianInstitution,Washington,DC20560-0166, thanhithertorecognisedthatisnotnecessarilyreflected
e UnitedStates
v
ni in the morphology of these organisms. One of the
U consequences of the recognition of ‘cryptic diversity’
d by [ Lisitrheoppohrytelldumascaoncgoemsmtumon(sspuebcfiaemsiflyormLiitnhgopahlgyalllorididegaees) is a fundamental shift in defining species concepts,
de aroundtheCaribbeanandithasbeenrecordedassouth withprofoundimplicationsforunderstandingdistribu-
a tion,rarityandendemism.Thedefinitionofwhatcon-
o as Brazil. This species has been recently considered a
nl stitutesanendemic,i.e.aspecieswhichisconfinedtoa
w heterotypic synonym of L. stictaeforme, changing our
o certain region, is reasonable, but asking how much
D circumscription of both species. In this study we ana-
endemismreallyexistsintheseaweedsposesanumber
lysed material of Lithophyllum congestum housed at
of questions. Using examples from my work on red,
National Museum of Natural History (US) from the
greenandbrown seaweeds,I will explore the concept
Caribbean, including countries as Cuba, Jamaica,
of endemism in relation to taxonomic hierarchy, pat-
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Caribbean British Islands
terns of distribution, reproduction and dispersal, and
and Martinique. In addition, we also studied the type
consider whether there are any general principles we
material housed at The NTNU University Museum at
can learn from these organisms. I will also consider
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
how vital knowledge of endemism is in conservation
(TRH). We aimed to elucidate the taxonomic status of
policyandmanagementofbiodiversity.
Lithophyllum congestum complemented with data on
morphology and anatomy, molecular diversity and dis-
tribution.Inaddition,wecomparedourresultsobtained
forL.congestumwithMediterraneancollectionsidenti- 1OR.13
fied as L. stictaeforme and also with records of L.
DEPAUPERATEENVIRONMENTS:CRADLE
kotschyanum, a species widely recorded from coral
OFSPECIATIONOREVOLUTIONARYDEAD
reefs.Ourresultsshowthati)corallineherbariummate-
ENDS?
rial,evenafter148yearsinthecaseoftypematerialor
37-49 years in the case of more recent Caribbean RicardoTPereyra([email protected])
KeynoteandOralPapers 29
MarineSciences,UniversityofGothenburg, Laguna,CanaryIslands38271,Spain;8Phycology
Strömstad45296,Sweden ResearchGroupandCenterforMolecular
PhylogeneticsandEvolution,GhentUniversity,Ghent
In terms of marine biodiversity, the Baltic Sea is a 9000,Belgiumand9UMRENTROPIE,LabEx-
depauperated mass of water relatively isolated from CORAIL,InstitutdeRecherchepourleDéveloppement,
the North Atlantic with a stable salinity gradient that NoumeaB.P.A5,98848,France
posesastrongselectiveregimetoanymarinespecies
willing to colonize it. The established populations of The use of gene sequence data has profoundly altered
marinespeciesthatcolonizeditafterthelastglaciation our view on algal diversity on every taxonomic level.
are at their ecological and geographical limits. Mostspectacularly,sequencedataunveiledtheexistence
However, previous research in the Baltic Sea has of massive cryptic or pseudocryptic diversity at the
shown adaptations to this environment that have pro- species level. Cryptic diversity also makes linking
duced an extremely rapid speciation event in Fucus DNA-based lineages to existing taxa exceedingly diffi-
seaweeds. Here, we used a population genomics cult,whichresultsinagrowingtendencytomovefroma
approach with RAD-Seq to revisit this case and we formal algal taxonomy to a more informal system
foundthatwhatwaspreviouslybelievedtobeasingle whereby clade-, specimen- or strain-based identifiers
caseofspeciationmightbeacrypticradiationinstead. are used to communicate biological information.
Despite no apparent physical barriers, the permanent Counteracting the emergence of parallel taxonomies
5 salinity and temperature regimes, combined with the would require a better integration of historical collec-
01 watercirculationpatternsinthisregionmayeffectively tionsintomoderntaxonomicresearch.Hereweexplore
2
r isolate populations even at very short geographical the feasibility of linking taxonomic names, often
e
mb distances, creating quick and large genetic differences describeddecadesbeforeDNA-basedspeciesidentifica-
pte amongdemesinmanyareasalongtheBaltic. tionbecamethenorminphycology,tocladesinmodern
Se phylogenies. The brown algal genus Lobophora forms
22 an excellent test case to explore the feasibility of such
13 1OR.14 efforts.Recentstudieshavedemonstratedthatthegenus
2: isfarmorediversethantraditionallyassumed.Fordec-
0
at MATCHINGNAMESANDCLADESINTHE adesonlyahandfulofspecieswererecognizedofwhich
el] BROWNALGALGENUSLOBOPHORA L. variegata (J.V.Lamour.) Womersley ex E.C.Oliveira
Ki (DICTYOTALES,PHAEOPHYCEAE):AN was by far the most commonly reported. DNA-based
f
y o EFFORTTOINTEGRATETYPESPECIMENS species delineation methodologies, however, indicate
sit INMODERNTAXONOMY that there may be at least over one 120 species. We
r
ve ChristopheVieira1([email protected]),Olga reevaluatedtheidentityof17taxasuspectedtoberepre-
Uni Camacho2([email protected]),MichaelJ sentative of Lobophora species by attempting DNA
y [ Wynne3([email protected]),LydianeMattio4 amplification of historical herbarium material as well
b
d ([email protected]),RobertJAnderson5 as specimens recently collected from the type locality
e
ad ([email protected]),JohnJBolton6(john. (epitypes).Ourresultsindicatethatexclusiverelianceon
o
nl [email protected]),MartaSansón7([email protected]), informationpreservedintypespecimensisproblematic.
ow SofieD’hondt8(sofi[email protected]),Suzanne Forseveralspecies,eitherthetypecouldnotbetracedor
D
Fredericq2([email protected]),ClaudePayri9 we did not get permission to extract DNA from types.
([email protected])andOlivierDeClerck8(olivier. Epitypematerialprovedamoresuccessfulwayforward,
[email protected]) butthisrouteoftencomeswithaconsiderabledegreeof
uncertainty, especially in tropical regions where the
1UMRENTROPIE(IRD,UR,CNRS)LabEx-CORAIL, degreeofsympatryamongLobophoralineagesissome-
InstitutdeRecherchepourleDéveloppement,Noumea timesconsiderable.
B.P.A5,98848,France;2DepartmentofBiology,
UniversityofLouisianaatLafayette,LafayetteLA
0504-2451,UnitedStates;3DepartmentofEcologyand 1OR.15
EvolutionaryBiologyandHerbarium,Universityof
Michigan,AnnArborMI48109,UnitedStates;4School BIODIVERSITYINTHEPLANKTONIC
DIATOMFAMILYCHAETOCEROTACEAE
ofPlantBiology,UniversityofWesternAustralia,Perth
CrawleyWA6919,Australia;5FisheriesResearch, ChetanGaonkar1([email protected]),Roberta
DepartmentofAgriculture,ForestryandFisheries, Piredda1([email protected]),DianaSarno1
Roggebaai8012,SouthAfrica;6Departmentof ([email protected]),MarinaMontresor1
BiologicalSciencesandMarineResearchInstitute, ([email protected]),AdrianaZingone1(zingone@szn.
UniversityofCapeTown,CapeTown7701,South it),DavidGMann2([email protected]),Carina
Africa;7DepartamentodeBotánica,Ecologíay Lange3([email protected])andWiebeHCFKooistra1
FisiologíaVegetal,UniversidaddeLaLaguna,La ([email protected])
KeynoteandOralPapers 30
1IntegrativeMarineEcology,StazioneZoologica Goals of this study are a precise assessment of the
AntonDohrn,Naples80121,Italy;2Botany,Royal species diversity ofAntarctic soilalgae andto assess
BotanicGardenEdinburgh,EdinburghEH35LR, their functional traits by investigating defined sam-
UnitedKingdomand3CentroFONDAP-COPAS, pling plots along different temporal developmental
UniversidaddeConcepción,Concepciónn.a.,Chile stages of soil after glacier retreat (chronosequences).
SelectedAntarcticsoilalgalspecieswillbetestedfor
Chaetocerotaceae is one of the most diverse marine possibleendemism.Thenuclear-encodedITS2rRNA
planktonic diatom families. Its two genera, region is targeted to provide sufficient resolution for
Chaetoceros and Bacteriastrum currently include species identification and comparisons with counter-
over ca 230 and 15 taxonomically accepted species, parts from other continents. The ITS2 analyses were
respectively. We set out to assess its diversity at the facilitated by easier PCR amplification when com-
LTER station MareChiara in the Gulf of Naples pared to the plastid-encoded rbcL gene and by
(GoN), Mediterranean Sea, at Roscoff, along the employing tools initially developed for fungal
FrenchAtlanticcoast,andatLasCrucesinanupwel- sequences, e.g. for annotation. To enrich the clone
ling zone on the central Chilean coast. Colony and libraries with sequences from algae, PCR primers to
spore morphology, frustule ultrastructure as well as preferentiallyamplifyrDNAsforcertainalgalgroups
nuclear LSU and SSU rDNA sequences have been were found inevitable because more general PCR
gathered from ca 240 monoclonal strains. Results primer combinations underestimated the algal diver-
5 showed 55 genetically distinct species, many of sity. The composition of the soil algae assemblages
1
0 these being new to science. Phylogenies inferred variedconsiderablyalongthestudiedsamples,which
2
r from the aligned sequences revealed several major represented different soil ages. A large number of
e
mb clades of morphologically similar species. SSU algal clonescould be identified withhighsimilarities
pte sequences in one of these clades contained up to 6 using BLAST sequence comparisons, especially for
e
S intronsofca.140basepairseach.Inaddition,manyof the Klebsormidiophyceae, some Trebouxiophyceae
22 theinternalstandardsequencingprimersshowedmis- and Chlorophyceae. For Klebsormidium, Interfilum
3
1 matches in critical positions. V4 regions in the SSU and Desmococcus sequences were recovered with
02: wereusedastaxonomicreferencesandblastedagainst very high ITS2 similarities (99 and 100%) with
at anenvironmentalV4-sequencedatasetgatheredfrom thoseof isolates from temperate regions.A consider-
]
el 40 plankton samples taken over three years at the ablenumberofUlvophyceae,difficulttorecoverfrom
Ki
f LTER station in the GoN. Results provide an unpre- soils using cultures, was revealed. For other algal
y o cedentedpictureofthediversityandseasonalcyclein groups,e.g.theXanthophyceae,speciesidentification
sit thisspecies-richfamily. was hampered because of a limited number of avail-
r
e
v able reference sequences. Full reference sequences
ni
U needtobeestablishedfromcultures,i.e.fromculture
[
y collections or establishing new isolates. The cloning/
b
d 1OR.16 sequencingoflongampliconsincludingconservative
e
d regions (5.8S, parts of SSU and LSU) enables the
oa MICROALGAECOMMUNITIESIN
nl ANTARCTICSOILS:CHANGESALONGSOIL assignment of algal clones where no closest ITS2
w
references are available as well as chimera check.
Do DEVELOPMENTALSTAGESANDTESTING
This approach also provides the reference sequences
FORGEOGRAPHICALDISTRIBUTION
forthedevelopmentofgroup-specificprimersforthe
NataliyaRybalka1([email protected]),Jens shorterampliconsrequiredforpyrosequencing.
Boy2([email protected]),HeikoNacke3
([email protected]),Rolf
1OR.17
Daniel3([email protected])andThomas
Friedl4([email protected]) ULVALESONGERMANBALTICANDNORTH
SEACOASTS:ABOUTCRYPTIC,ALIENAND
1ExperimentalPhycologyandCultureCollectionof LOSTSPECIES
Algae(SAG);GenomicandAppliedMicrobiology,
SophieSteinhagen1([email protected]),
Georg-AugustUniversityGoettingen,Goettingen
FlorianWeinberger1([email protected])and
37073,Germany;2InstituteforSoilSciences,Leibniz
RolfKarez2([email protected])
UniversityHannover,Hannover30419,Germany;
3GenomicandAppliedMicrobiology,Georg-August 1MarineEcology,GEOMARHelmholtzCentrefor
UniversityGoettingen,Goettingen37077,Germany
OceanResearchKiel,Kiel24105,Germanyand
and4ExperimentalPhycologyandCultureCollection 2StateAgencyforAgriculture,EnvironmentandRural
ofAlgae(SAG),Georg-AugustUniversityGoettingen,
Areas,StateAgencyforAgriculture,Environmentand
Goettingen37073,Germany
RuralAreas,Flintbek24220,Germany