Kenya: Between Hope and Despair, 1963-2011

389 Pages·2011·2.54 MB·English

by  Daniel Branch

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KENYA 10
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K E N Y A
BETWEEN HOPE AND DESPAIR, 1963–2011
DANIEL BRANCH
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW HAVEN AND LONDON
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1 For Jennie
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Copyright © 2011 Daniel Branch
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4 The right of Daniel Branch to be identified as author of this work has been asserted
by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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6 All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any
form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the US Copyright
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Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from
8 the publishers.
9 For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please
contact:
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1 US Office: [email protected] yalebooks.com
Europe Office: [email protected] www.yalebooks.co.uk
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3 Set in Janson Text by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd
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Printed in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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Branch, Daniel, 1978–
7 Kenya: between hope and despair, 1963–2011 / Daniel Branch.
p. cm.
8 ISBN 978-0-300-14876-3 (cl: alk. paper) 1. Kenya—History—1963– 2. Kenya—
9 Politics and government—1963–1978. 3. Kenya—Politics and government—
1978–2002. 4. Kenya—Politics and government—2002–5. Kenya—Social
30 conditions—1963– I. Title.
DT433.58.B732011
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967.6204—dc23
2 2011021877
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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CONTENTS 4
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List of illustrations vi
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Acknowledgements vii
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List of acronyms and abbreviations x
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Note on orthography xii
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Introduction: The Party 1
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1 Freedom and Suffering, 1963–69 25
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2 The Big Man, 1968–69 67 7
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3 The Fallen Angel, 1970–75 89
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4 Footsteps, 1975–82 121 20
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5 Love, Peace and Unity, 1982–88 161
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6 The War of Arrows, 1989–94 183 3
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7 The Goldenberg Years, 1993–2002 217
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8 Nothing Actually Really Changed, 2002–11 245 6
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Conclusion: The Leopards and the Goats 287
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Bibliography 301 9
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Notes 319
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Index 347 2
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
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8 Map of Kenya xiv
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Picture section
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1. Jomo Kenyatta, Mwai Kibaki and Tom Mboya, May 1963
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(Mohamed Amin/Camerapix/www.a24media.com)
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2. KANU leaders, 1963 (Kenya National Archives)
4 3. Nahashon Isaac Njenga Njoroge, August 1969 (Mohamed Amin/
5 Camerapix/www.a24media.com)
6 4. Mboya’s cortege, July 1969 (Mohamed Amin/Camerapix/
www.a24media.com)
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5. Riot during Kenyatta’s visit to Kisumu, October 1969 (Mohamed
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Amin/Camerapix/www.a24media.com)
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6. Kenyatta with Mau Mau veterans, 1971 (Mohamed Amin/
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Camerapix/www.a24media.com)
1 7. JM Kariuki addresses a church congregation (undated; Mohamed
2 Amin/Camerapix/www.a24media.com)
3 8. Prayers before JM Kariuki’s funeral, March 1975 (Mohamed
Amin/Camerapix/www.a24media.com)
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9. People searching for relatives after the Kenya Air Force coup,
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August 1982 (Nation Media Group)
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10. Nelson Akhalukwa Mvuwam, January 1987 (Nation Media Group)
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11. President Daniel Arap Moi with the British Prime Minister,
8 Margaret Thatcher, January 1988 (Alexander Joe/AFP/Getty
9 Images)
30 12. Oginga and Raila Odinga, 1991 (Nation Media Group)
1 13. Security forces after a campaign rally in Nairobi, December 1992
(Alexander Joe/AFP/Getty Images)
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14. William Ruto, Uhuru Kenyatta and Kalonzo Musyoka, April 2011
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(AP Photo/Khalil Senosi)
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15. A Kalenjin militia member, March 2008 (Roberto Schmidt/AFP/
35x Getty Images)
1 Jomo Kenyatta (centre), Mwai Kibaki (left) and Tom Mboya (right) celebrate KANU’s
election victory in May 1963.
2 KANU leaders including Achieng’ Oneko (far left), Oginga Odinga (centre with cane) and
Tom Mboya (far right) at a function in 1963.
3 Mboya’s assassin, Nahashon Isaac Njenga Njoroge, during his pre-trial hearing, August
1969.
4 Residents of Nakuru mourn Mboya as his cortege passes through the town, 9 July 1969.
5 Kenyatta’s bodyguard and other officials try to protect the president as the riot begins
during his visit to Kisumu, 25 October 1969.
6 Kenyatta celebrates with members of the Ndeffo group of Mau Mau veterans after allocating
75 families land in 1971, during the aftermath of public revelations about the coup plot.