Keeping Cool in Southeast Asia: Energy Consumption and Urban Air-Conditioning PDF
Preview Keeping Cool in Southeast Asia: Energy Consumption and Urban Air-Conditioning
Keeping Cool in Southeast Asia Energy Consumption and Urban Air-Conditioning Marlyne Sahakian Energy,ClimateandtheEnvironmentSeries SeriesEditor:DavidElliott,EmeritusProfessorofTechnologyPolicy, OpenUniversity,UK Titlesinclude: ManuelaAchillesandDanaElzey(editors) ENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITYINTRANSATLANTICPERSPECTIVE AMultidisciplinaryApproach LucaAnceschiandJonathanSymons(editors) ENERGYSECURITYINTHEERAOFCLIMATECHANGE TheAsia-PacificExperience PhilipAndrews-Speed THEGOVERNANCEOFENERGYINCHINA ImplicationsforFutureSustainability IanBaileyandHughCompston(editors) FEELINGTHEHEAT ThePoliticsofClimatePolicyinRapidlyIndustrializingCountries GawdatBahgat ALTERNATIVEENERGYINTHEMIDDLEEAST MehmetEfeBiresselioglu EUROPEANENERGYSECURITY Turkey’sFutureRoleandImpact BethEdmondsonandStuartLevy CLIMATECHANGEANDORDER TheEndofProsperityandDemocracy DavidElliott(editor) NUCLEARORNOT? DoesNuclearPowerHaveaPlaceinaSustainableFuture? DavidElliott(editor) SUSTAINABLEENERGY OpportunitiesandLimitations HuongHaandTekNathDhakal(editors) GOVERNANCEAPPROACHESTOMITIGATIONOFANDADAPTATIONTO CLIMATECHANGEINASIA HoraceHerring(editor) LIVINGINALOW-CARBONSOCIETYIN2050 MattiKojoandTapioLitmanen(editors) THERENEWALOFNUCLEARPOWERINFINLAND AntonioMarquina(editor) GLOBALWARMINGANDCLIMATECHANGE ProspectsandPoliciesinAsiaandEurope CatherineMitchell,JimWatsonandJessicaWhiting(editors) NEWCHALLENGESINENERGYSECURITY TheUKinaMultipolarWorld CatherineMitchell THEPOLITICALECONOMYOFSUSTAINABLEENERGY EspenMoeandPaulMidford(editors) THEPOLITICALECONOMYOFRENEWABLEENERGYANDENERGY SECURITY CommonChallengesandNationalResponsesinJapan,Chinaand NorthernEurope MarlyneSahakian KEEPINGCOOLINSOUTHEASTASIA EnergyConsumptionandUrbanAir-Conditioning IvanScraseandGordonMacKerron(editors) ENERGYFORTHEFUTURE ANewAgenda BenjaminK.Sovacool ENERGYÐICS JusticeandtheGlobalEnergyChallenge JosephSzarka,RichardCowell,GeraintEllis,PeterA.Strachan andCharlesWarren(editors) LEARNINGFROMWINDPOWER Governance,SocietalandPolicyPerspectivesonSustainableEnergy DavidToke ECOLOGICALMODERNISATIONANDRENEWABLEENERGY ThijsVandeGraaf THEPOLITICSANDINSTITUTIONSOFGLOBALENERGYGOVERNANCE XuYi-chong(editor) NUCLEARENERGYDEVELOPMENTINASIA ProblemsandProspects XuYi-chong THEPOLITICSOFNUCLEARENERGYINCHINA Energy,ClimateandtheEnvironment SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–00800–7(hb)978–0–230–22150–5(pb) (outsideNorthAmericaonly) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to usattheaddressbelowwithyournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesand theISBNsquotedabove. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS,England Keeping Cool in Southeast Asia Energy Consumption and Urban Air-Conditioning Marlyne Sahakian ResearchAssociate,UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland ©MarlyneSahakian2014 Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition2014978-1-137-30882-5 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedherrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2014by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-45618-5 ISBN 978-1-137-30883-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137308832 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. To Jean-Claude This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofIllustrations x GlossaryofTagalog xii SeriesEditor’sPreface xiv Acknowledgments xvi Maps xviii Prologue 1 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Consumptionpatterns,practicesandpolicies 4 1.2 Researchstudyandsites 9 1.3 Apprehending‘consumption’ 15 1.4 ‘Sustainableconsumption’researchandpolicyspace 22 1.5 Organizationofthebook 24 2 EnergyConsumptionandCoolinginSoutheastAsia 27 2.1 EnergyconsumptioninSoutheastAsia 27 2.2 Growth,energyandemissionsinSoutheastAsia:Four casestudies 31 2.3 Coolingthecity:Coolingdegreedaysand air-conditioning 41 2.4 Historyandorganizationoftheelectricitysector: ExampleofthePhilippines 49 2.5 Renewableenergy:ComparingthePhilippines, IndonesiaandThailand 51 2.6 Summary 59 3 CoolingHistories,HabitsandVariations 61 3.1 Thehistoryofair-conditioning:Coolingfrom westtoeast 61 3.2 Indooraircomfort:Bodilydispositions, standardsandnorms 65 3.3 Air-conditioningartifactsandhowtheyareused 68 vii viii Contents 3.4 Air-conditioningusagebydifferent socio-economicgroups 73 3.5 Thechallengeofpromotingmore‘efficient’machines 77 3.6 Energypovertyand‘locking-in’theneedforcooling 81 3.7 Summary 88 4 CoolingOurCollidingPractices 90 4.1 Air-conditioningforsleepingbetteratnight 90 4.2 Air-conditioningforhealthandsafety 94 4.3 Air-conditioningandpreparingandcaringforachild 97 4.4 Air-conditioningforpersonalcleanliness 100 4.5 Air-conditioningasastatussymbol 103 4.6 Air-conditioningandfashion 106 4.7 Air-conditioningandtheworldofwork 109 4.8 Air-conditioningfrompublictoprivatespaces 113 4.9 Summary 116 5 When‘WestIsBest’forHousing 119 5.1 AhistoryofhousinginSoutheastAsia:Exampleofthe Philippines 119 5.2 Currenthousingtrends:When‘Westisbest’ inMetroManila 125 5.3 Policiesandpracticestowardsbuildingefficiencyin SoutheastAsia 135 5.4 Effortstowards‘green’buildingsinthePhilippines 138 5.5 Beyond‘green’:Towards‘sustainable’housing inthePhilippines 146 5.6 Competinginterestsforbuilding‘sustainably’inthe Philippines 152 5.7 Summary 156 6 OpportunitiesforChangethroughSocialLearning 158 6.1 Being‘framed’:Theindividualasresponsible forchange 158 6.2 Thelearningproposition:Environmentalism inMetroManila 163 6.3 Perceptionsofprivatesectorinvolvement in‘green’initiatives 169 6.4 TrustrelationshipsandFilipinoelectedofficials 176 6.5 InsightsintosocialcapitalinMetroManila 179 6.6 Summary 187 Contents ix 7 Conclusion:‘TheFutureIsAlreadyHere’ 189 7.1 Thematerialdimension:Changingelectricity productionandconsumption 189 7.2 Bringingnormsandvaluesoutofthecoldintoheated debates 194 7.3 Activating‘trusted’peopleandcontextsofaction 200 Notes 206 Bibliography 218 Index 229
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