Keats, Modesty and Masturbation Rachel Schulkins Keats, Modesty and Masturbation This page has been left blank intentionally Keats, Modesty and Masturbation rachel schulKins Liverpool Hope University, UK © rachel schulkins 2014 all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. rachel schulkins has asserted her right under the copyright, designs and Patents act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. Published by ashgate Publishing limited ashgate Publishing company Wey court east 110 cherry street union road suite 3-1 Farnham burlington surrey, Gu9 7Pt Vt 05401-3818 england usa www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data a catalogue record for this book is available from the british library The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: schulkins, rachel, author. Keats, Modesty and Masturbation / by rachel schulkins. pages cm includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-1-4724-1879-1 (hardcover : alk. paper)—isbn 978-1-4724-1880-7 (ebook) —isbn 978-1-4724-1881-4 (epub) 1. Keats, John, 1795–1821—criticism and interpretation. 2. Modesty in literature. 3. Masturbation in literature. 4. sex in literature. i. title. Pr4837.s296 2014 821’.7—dc23 2013050295 isbn 9781472418791 (hbk) isbn 9781472418807 (ebk – PdF) isbn 9781472418814 (ebk – ePub) IV Contents Acknowledgements vii Editions and Abbreviations ix Introduction: Keats and the ‘Masturbating Girl’ 1 1 Keats, Modesty and the Politics of Sex 17 2 Female Onanism in Keats’s Romances 59 3 The Economy of Romance in Keats’s Isabella 73 4 Phantoms of Sexual Repression in The Eve of St Agnes 91 5 Figures of Romance and Anti-Romance in ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’ 109 6 The Humanisation of the Serpent Lamia 127 Afterthought 149 Bibliography 155 Index 171 This page has been left blank intentionally Acknowledgements Many contributed to the making of this manuscript, providing advice, help and support throughout. I would particularly like to thank Prof Kelvin Everest and Prof Marcus Walsh for their professional support and encouragement, and Dr Jon Roberts and Dr Jane Stabler for braving the first draft of this manuscript. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Dr Jill Rudd and Prof Paul Baines from the School of English, University of Liverpool. I am extremely grateful for the financial support offered by the Jewish Widows’ and Aid Trust Award, whilst pursuing this project. Most importantly, the pursuit of this research would not have been possible without the love and support of my family, who are and will always be a source of inspiration in every stage of my life. Dad, wherever you are, I know you are always there, encouraging and loving even from afar. I miss you! To my husband, Joe, who always manages to put a smile on my face and a song in my heart, I just want to say, always and forever! Finally, completing this book coincided with a new and exciting stage in my life, becoming a mother to the wonderful Daniel Itzhak Schulkins – my masterpiece. This page has been left blank intentionally Editions and Abbreviations The edition of Keats’s poetry used in this work is The Poems of John Keats. Ed. Jack Stillinger. London: Heinemann, 1978. The quotes from Keats’s letters omit Keats’s deletions and are taken from The Letters of John Keats, 1814–1821. Ed. Hyder Edward Rollins. 2 vols. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard UP, 1958. Individual Works C The Keats Circle: Letters and Papers, and More Letters and Poems of the Keats Circle. Ed. Hyder Edward Rollins. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard UP, 1965. LW Conduct Literature for Women, 1770–1830. Ed. Pam Morris. 6 vols. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2005. L The Letters of John Keats, 1814–1821. Ed. Hyder Edward Rollins. 2 vols. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard UP, 1958. WMW The Works of Mary Wollstonecraft. Eds. Janet Todd and Marilyn Butler. 7 vols. London: William Pickering, 1989. Journals BHM Bulletin of the History of Medicine EiC Essays in Criticism: A Quarterly Journal of Literary Criticism ELH Journal of English Literary History ERR European Romantic Review JEGP Journal of English and Germanic Philology KSJ Keats-Shelley Journal KSR Keats-Shelley Review NCL Nineteenth-Century Literature N&Q Notes and Queries PH Paedagogica Historica PMLA Publications of the Modern Language Association of America PQ Philological Quarterly