Kashgar Revisited: Uyghur Studies in Memory of Ambassador Gunnar Jarring

356 Pages·2016·6.425 MB·English

by  Ildikó Bellér-Hann, Birgit N. Schlyter, Jun Segawara

i
Kashgar Revisited
© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2017 | doi 10.1163/9789004330078_001
ii
Brill’s Inner Asian Library
Edited by
Michael R. Drompp
Devin DeWeese
Mark C. Elliott
VOLUME 34
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bial
iii
Kashgar Revisited
Uyghur Studies in Memory of
Ambassador Gunnar Jarring
Edited by
Ildikó Bellér-Hann
Birgit N. Schlyter
Jun Sugawara
LEIDEN | BOSTON
iv
Published with financial support from The Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities.
Front cover illustration: The Northern Gate in “New Kashgar” (Hancheng), 1908. Photo: John Törnquist.
Photo courtesy of the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden’s Archives, Stockholm.
Back cover illustration: Gunnar Jarring as a young Ph.D. student in Kashgar, 1929.
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
issn 1566-7162
isbn 978-90-04-32297-4 (hardback)
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ContentCsontents v
Contents
Preface ix
List of Figures and Tables x
A Note on Transliteration and Spelling xii
Notes on Contributors xiii
Introduction: In the Footsteps of Ambassador Gunnar Jarring 1
Ildikó Bellér-Hann, Birgit N. Schlyter, Jun Sugawara
Part 1
Language
1 From the Private Library of Gunnar Jarring and His New Eastern Turki
Dictionary 13
Birgit N. Schlyter
2 Manuscript Technologies, Writing, and Reading in Early 20th-Century
Kashgar 34
Arienne M. Dwyer
3 From Eastern Turki to Modern Uyghur 58
A Lexicological Study of Prints from the Swedish Mission Press in
Kashgar (1892–1938)
Äsäd Sulaiman
4 The Khotan Varieties of Uyghur as Seen in Jarring’s Transcription 80
Abdurishid Yakup
Part 2
History
5 The 1795 Khoqand Mission and Its Negotiations with the Qing 91
Political and Diplomatic Space of Qing Kashgaria
Takahiro Onuma
vi Contents
Contents
Contents v
Preface ix
List of Figures and Tables x 6 Muslims at the Yamen Gate 116
A Note on Transliteration and Spelling xii
Translating Justice in Late-Qing Xinjiang
Notes on Contributors xiii
Introduction Eric T. Schluessel
In the Footsteps of Ambassador Gunnar Jarring 1
Ildikó Bellér-Hann, Birgit N. Schlyter, Jun Sugawara
Part 1
Language 7 Models and Realities 139
Chapter 1 jarring’s Library and His New Dictionary
From the Private Library of Gunnar Jarring and His New Eastern Turki Dictionary 13 Aspects of Format in Real Estate Deeds under Conditions of Legal
Birgit N. Schlyter
Chapter 2 Pluralism in Xinjiang
Manuscript Technologies, Writing and Reading in Early 20th-century Kashgar 34
Arienne M. Dwyer Jun Sugawara
Chapter 3
From Eastern Turki to Modern Uyghur 58
A Lexicological Study of Prints from the Swedish Mission Press in Kashgar (1892–1938)
Äsäd Sulaiman 8 Muslim Reformism in Xinjiang 161
Chapter 4
Reading the Newspaper Yengī Ḥayāt (1934–1937)
The Khotan Varieties of Uyghur as Seen in Jarring’s Transcription 80
Abdurishid Yakup
Alexandre Papas
Part 2
History
Chapter 5 The 1795 Khoqand Mission to Qing kashgaria
The 1795 Khoqand Mission and Its Negotiations with the Qing 91 9 Defining the Past and Shaping the Future 184
Political and Diplomatic Space of Qing Kashgaria
Takahiro Onuma Reflections on Xinjiang Narratives, Uyghur-Han-Hui Relations, and the
Muslims at the Yamen Gate in Late-Qing Xinjiang
Chapter 6 Perspectives of Research
Muslims at the Yamen Gate 116
Translating Justice in Late-Qing Xinjiang Fredrik Fällman
Eric T. Schluessel
Chapter 7 Real Estate Deeds in Xinjiang province
Models and Realities 139
Aspects of Format in Real Estate Deeds under Conditions of Legal Pluralism in Xinjiang
Jun Sugawara
Part 3
Muslim Reformism in the newspaper Yengī Ḥayāt
Chapter 8 Religion
Muslim Reformism in Xinjiang 161
Reading the Newspaper Yengī Ḥayāt (1934–1937)
Alexandre Papas
Chapter 9 Xinjiang Narratives and Uyghur-Han-Hui Relations 10 Writing the Religious and Social History of Some Sufi Lodges in
Defining the Past and Shaping the Future 184
Reflections on Xinjiang Narratives, Uyghur-Han-Hui Relations, and the Perspectives of Research Kashgar in the 20th Century 207
Fredrik Fällman
Part 3 Thierry Zarcone
Religion
the Religious and Social History of Sufi Lodges
Chapter 10
Writing the Religious and Social History of Some Sufi Lodges in Kashgar in the 20th Century 207 11 Ordam Mazar 232
Thierry Zarcone
Chapter 11 A Meeting Place for Different Practices and Belief Systems in Culturally
Ordam Mazar 232
A Meeting Place for Different Practices and Belief Systems in Culturally Diverse Xinjiang Diverse Xinjiang
Rahile Dawut
Chapter 12 Hann and Bellér-Hann Rahile Dawut
Magic, Science, and Religion in Eastern Xinjiang 256
Chris Hann and Ildikó Bellér-Hann
Part 4
12 Magic, Science, and Religion in Eastern Xinjiang 256
Kinship and Gender
Chapter 13
Chris Hann and Ildikó Bellér-Hann
“Keep the wealth within the family” 277
Cousin Marriage and Swedish Uncles in Kashgar
Rune Steenberg
Chapter 14 Mahmut and Smith Finley
“A man works on the land, a woman works for her man” 302
Building on Jarring’s Fascination with Eastern Turki Proverbs Part 4
Dilmurat Mahmut [Maihemuti Dilimulati] and Joanne Smith Finley
Index 331 Kinship and Gender
13 “Keep the wealth within the family” 277
Cousin Marriage and Swedish Uncles in Kashgar
Rune Steenberg
Contents vii
14 “A man works on the land, a woman works for her man” 302
Building on Jarring’s Fascination with Eastern Turki Proverbs
Dilmurat Mahmut [Maihemuti Dilimulati] and Joanne Smith Finley
Index 331
viii Contents
Prefacepreface ix
Preface
This volume is based on the papers delivered at a workshop titled Kashgar
Revisited, held at the University of Copenhagen on May 10th through 12th, 2012,
to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the death of Ambassador Gunnar
Jarring (1907–2002). Besides his well-known career as a Swedish diplomat,
Gunnar Jarring also excelled as a scholar. Through his voluminous publications
he made significant contributions to Turkic Studies. His work has been funda-
mental to the emergence and development of Uyghur and Xinjiang Studies.
The aim of this volume is twofold. With contributions on a wide range of top-
ics, we wish to pay tribute to Gunnar Jarring’s scholarly accomplishments,
while at the same time providing an overview of recent and ongoing research
on the Uyghurs and Xinjiang.
The workshop, which formed the basis of this volume, received generous
support from several Nordic institutions. We want to express our thanks to the
Danish Council for Independent Research | Humanities (FKK), the Royal
Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, the Asian Dynamics
Initiative and the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, as well as to the Department
of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies and the Swedish Research Institute in
Istanbul. Special funding for the publication of the present volume was pro-
vided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities and
the Asian Dynamics Initiative, to whom we are much obliged. The participants
of the workshop have a crucial share in this work through their extensive
knowledge and research expertise in the field. We are grateful to all of them for
their enthusiasm and commitment, as well as to Dr. Eric Nicander and Dr. Eva
Nylander from Lund University Library for welcoming us in the Jarring
Collection as a group during the workshop and for their help towards individ-
ual researchers many times over the years. The Institute of Advanced Study in
Nantes (IEA Nantes), which provided excellent working conditions for one of
the editors, Ildikó Bellér-Hann, in the academic year 2013‒14, is also to be
acknowledged. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their
useful comments. Finally, we thank Merrick Tabor, Stockholm, for his meticu-
lous language editing, and Azize Güneş, Lund, for profound proofreading.

The Editors
July, 2016
x List of Figures and Tables List Of Figures And Tables
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
1.1 The secret report of a journey to the Kashgar region by Lieutenant Gronbchev-
skiy in 1885 18
1.2 The first volume of the “Mongolian-Russian Dictionary” compiled by
K.F. Gol stunskiy 19
1.3 “Natural Science. Man and Animals”—a textbook printed at the Swedish
Mission Station in Kashgar (1935) 21
1.4 Page 15 from the textbook presented in Fig. 1.3, p. 21 22
1.5 “The Turki [language] of The Six Cities. Syntax and Morphology. Grammatica.
Printed in the city of Kashgar in 1935 23
1.6 “In the Holy Temple of Jerusalem”—a piece of fiction originally written in
Swedish by Selma Lagerlöf and translated into Turki by Oskar Hermansson,
printed as a booklet (1931) 24
5.1 Doc. 1. Letter sent by Narbuta Bī to the Qing amban of Kashgar, Yongbao, in
1795 109
5.2 Doc. 2. Letter sent by Narbuta Bī to the Ḥākim beg of Kashgar 110
5.3 Doc. 3. Letter sent by Narbuta Bī to the Ḥākim beg of Yarkand, Aq Beg, in
1795 111
7.1 Doc. 1. Khuṭūṭ, 3rd edition, No. 37 148
7.2 Doc. 2. Kashghar document, No. LA84 149
7.3 Doc. 3. Khuṭūṭ, 3rd edition, No. 33 152
7.4 Doc. 4. Kashghar document, No. D29 153
7.5 Doc. 5. Khuṭūṭ, 3rd edition, No. 35 155
7.6 Doc. 6. Kashghar document, No. D89 156
7.7 Doc. 7. Khuṭūṭ, 3rd edition, No. 27 157
7.8 Doc. 8. Kashghar documents, No. C207 157
8.1 General Maḥmūd Muḥīṭī 178
8.2 Beggars at the Āfāq Khwāja Mazar, ca. 1930 178
8.3 Qalandars holding their sifay 179
8.4 Qūm Darwāza in Kashgar 179
10.1 The mazar of Äräp Padishahim, at Säkkiztash 215
10.2 The khaniqa of Taykhan, Säkkiztash (Yengishähär), May 2013 216
10.3 Taykhan’s khaniqa at Säkkiztash, drawing by Jean-Paul Loubes, May 2013 217
10.4 Akhunjan showing a banner (alam), in his house at Kham Baziri, September
1998 222