Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Volume 34, Marx, 1861-64

558 Pages·2010·23.291 MB·English

by  Engels, Friedrich;Marx, Karl

MARX & ENGELS
COLLECTED WORKS
VOLUME 34
Marx 1861-64
KARL MARX
FREDERICK ENGELS
Volume
34
Marx 1861-64
2010
Lawrence & Wishart
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V
Contents
Preface IX
KARL MARX
ECONOMIC WORKS
1861-1864
ECONOMIC MANUSCRIPT
OF 1861-63
(Conclusion)
A Contribution to the Critique
of Political Economy
I) The Production Process of Capital 7
3) Relative Surplus Value 8
y) Machinery. Utilisation of the Forces of Nature and of
Science (steam, electricity, mechanical and chemical agen
cies). Conclusion 8
Replacement of Labour by Machinery 8
Accumulation 11
h) Relative and Absolute Surplus Value 61
Ratio of Wages to Surplus Value 64
Converted Form of the Value of Labour Capacity in the
Value or Price of Labour 70
Derived Formulae for the Ratio of Surplus Value to Va
riable Capital or of Surplus Labour to Necessary La
bour 78
VI Contents
Addenda 86
[Intermezzo] Hume and Joseph Massie 89
i) Formal and Real Subsumption of Labour under Capital.
Transitional Forms 93
The Real Subsumption of Labour under Capital 104
Transitional Forms 117
k) Productivity of Capital, Productive and Unproductive
Labour 121
Addenda 146
[Historical:] Petty 170
4) Reconversion of Surplus Value into Capital 178
a) Reconversion of Surplus Value into Capital 178
ß) So-called Primitive Accumulation 243
Addenda 247
Capital. Book I. The Process of Production of Capital
Volume I of Capital. Separate Pages of the Manuscript 339
Chapter Six. Results of the Direct Production Process 355
Ad 1) Commodities as the Product of Capital 355
Ad 2) Capitalist Production as the Production of Surplus Value 384
Ad 3) The Product of Capitalist Production Is Not Only Surplus
Value, It Is Capital 461
Unplaced Footnotes 467
NOTES AND INDEXES
Notes 475
Name Index 498
Index of Quoted and Mentioned Literature 507
Index of Periodicals 525
Subject Index (to vols 30-34) 527
ILLUSTRATIONS
Page 1273 of Notebook XX of the Economic Manuscript of
1861-63 49
Page 1342 of Notebook XXI of the Economic Manuscript of
1861-63 163
Page 441 of the Economic Manuscript of 1863-64 357
Translated by
BEN FOVVKES
(For the translators of the passages from
the Theories of Surplus Value see Preface, p. X.

IX
Preface
Volume 34 of the Collected Works of Marx and Engels contains
the conclusion of Marx's Economic Manuscript of 1861-63
(Notebooks XX-XXIII, pp. 1251-1472 of the manuscript). The
manuscript as a whole is the second rough draft of Capital and
makes up volumes 30 to 34 of the present edition. This volume
also includes Marx's manuscript "Chapter Six. Results of the
Direct Production Process" and other fragments of the Economic
Manuscript of 1863-64, the only extant remnants of the third rough
draft of Book I of Capital. All these manuscripts are presented in
accordance with their new publication in the languages of the
original in Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels. Gesamtausgabe (MEGA).
Zweite Abteilung. Bd. 3. Berlin, 1976-1982 and Bd. 4.1. Berlin,
1988.
In the part of the 1861-63 manuscript contained in this volume
Marx concludes his analysis of the production process of capital,
concentrating on relative surplus value and its connection with
absolute surplus value and on the primitive accumulation of
capital. He also deals here with problems which he subsequently
discussed in Book H of Capital, in particular the reproduction and
circulation of the total social capital. The closing part of the
manuscript consists of excerpts from the works of earlier and
contemporary political economists and Marx's commentaries. In
"Chapter Six" Marx examines in detail the prerequisites for and
results of the direct production process of capital, considering
from this angle the commodity, the production of surplus value
and the reproduction of the capitalist relations of production.
Obvious slips of the pen in Marx's text have been corrected by
the Editors without comment. The proper and geographical
X Preface
names and other words abbreviated by the author are given in
full. Defects in the manuscript are indicated in footnotes, places
where the text is damaged or illegible are marked by dots. Editorial
reconstructions, where they were possible, are given in square
brackets.
Foreign words and phrases are given as used by Marx, with the
translations supplied in footnotes where necessary. English phrases
and individual words occurring in the original are set in small
caps. Longer passages and quotations in English are given in
asterisks. The passages from English political economists quoted
by Marx in French or German are given according to contempor
ary English editions. In all cases the form of quoting used by Marx
is respected. The language in which Marx quotes is indicated
unless it is German.
The text and notes to Volume 34 were prepared by Irina
Antonova, Mikhail Ternovsky, Yelena Vashchenko and Lyubov
Zalunina, and edited by Larisa Miskievich (Russian Independent In
stitute of Social and National Problems). The Index of Quoted and
Mentioned Literature and the Name Index were compiled by Var-
dan Azatyan in conjunction with Georgi Volovik. The Subject Index
to volumes 30-34 was prepared by Yuri Kharitonov (RIISNP). The
bulk of the text in this volume was translated by Ben Fowkes (Law
rence & Wishart). The translation of pp. XX—129la-1294a, XXI-
1300-1301, XXII—1346-1351, XXII—1397-1400, XXIII —
1418-1420, XXIII—1433-1434, XXIII -1449-1451 of Marx's Ma
nuscript of 1861-63 was taken from the three-volume edition of his
Theories of Surplus Value, issued by Progress Publishers, Moscow. It
was made by Emile Burns, Renate Simpson and Jack Cohen and edi
ted by Salo Ryazanskaya. Volume 34 was edited by Svetlana Gerasi-
menko and Victor Schnittke and prepared for the press by Alia Vara-
vitskaya (Progress Publishing Group Corporation).
The scientific editor of this volume was Vitaly Vygodsky
(RIISNP).
KARL MARX
ECONOMIC WORKS
1861-1864