Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

227 Pages·1927·3.867 MB·English

by  David Riazanov

KARL MARX
and
FRIEDRICH ENGELS

l(ar�lf ar(x 1818-1883)
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KARL MARX
AND
FRIEDRICHE NGELS
by
D.R IAZANOV
NEW YORK
INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS
I I
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Copyri1g9h2t7b,y,
INTERNATIONPAULB LISHERCSO. !,N e.
Printientd h eU .S .A .
D. RIAZANOV
D.R rAZANOwYa sb ornl\ farc1h0 ,1 870i,n O dessRau,s sia.
As a youtho ffi fteeyne arhse j oined ptohpeu limsotv ement
andd evotehdi msetloft hes tudyof t hes ociaslc iencaensd
theh istoroyf thel aboumro vementI.n 1889a nd1 891
Riazanovvi sittehdel eadiRnugs siaMna rxiscti rclaebsr oad
ino rdert o acquainhti mselwfi tht hev arious tendencies
extanatm ongt heR ussiapno litiecmailg ranwthso w erel ay­
ingt he foundaotfit ohnel aboumro vemenitn R ussiaO.n
hisr eturtno R ussifar omt hes econtdr iRpi azanowva sa r­
resteodn thef rontiaenrd ,a ftesrp endifinfgt eemno nthisn
prisoanw aititnrgi ahle,w asc onvictteod f oury earso f
solitary confiannedm heanrtd l abourA.f terc ompleting
hist ermo fi mprisonmheen wta ss entt ol ivien K ishenev,
Bessarabuinad,e pro licseur veillance.
Alwasy dranw tos cientwiofirck R,i azanogvo ta no ppor­
tunitoyn lyi n1 900t og o abroaadn dd evothei msetlofh is
studieHse. returtnoeR du ssiiam mediataefltye trh eo ut­
breako ft he1 905R evolutiaonnd e ngageadc tiveilnyt he
worka mongt het raduen ionosf S t.P etersburAgr.r ested
agaiinn 1 907h ew as,h owevesro,o na bleto leavReu ssia.
Witht heR evolutidoenf eataendd r eactihoonl dinsgw ay,
Riazanoovn cem ores eizetdh eo pportunittoyp ursuhei s
scientific Hweo rckh.o steh eh istoarnyd t heoroyfM arxism
ash isfi elodf r esearacnhd,u ndertotohke s tudoyf t'h e his­
toryo ft heI nternatiWoonrakli ngmenA'sss ociaticoonm,­
monly knoawsnt heF irsItn ternati(o1n8a6l4 -1876T)h.e
archivoefst heG ermanS ocial-DemocPraarttiywc h icwhe re
enrichbeydt hea dditioofnt h el ibraroiwense db yK arlM arx
andF riedriEcnhg els, ofRfiearzeadn oav f ruitffiuell df or
hisi nvestigsa.t Piuornsuihnigs r esearcRhieasz anomvo ved
to Londona ndw orkeidn t heB ritiMsuhs eum.T hereh e
studied alplu bltihcea ttioow nhsi chM arxa ndE ngelhsa d
contributtheediw rr itingHse. r eadd ileingtltyh efi leosf t he
5
12S01G
6 D.R IAZANOV
New YorkT ribumpea rticulfarrolmy1 852t o1 862i no rder
toe xtracthte v arioucso ntributoifoM nasr x andE ngels,
mosto fw hicwhe reu seda se ditorioarlw se rep ublhiesda s
unsigned articleFsr.a nzMS eihnrcien hga dp ublishiend
1901t hef ugitiwvrei tinogfsM arxa ndE ngelosn lyf ort he
perio1d8 41-1850R,i1a zanovr'ess earclheedsh imt ob ring
tol ighsti milwarri tinogfsM arx anEdn gelfso rt hee nsuing
decadeI.n 1 917R iazanopvu blishtewdov olume2 isn w hich
her eproducaeldlt hea uthenticcaotnetdr ibutoifoM nasr x
andE ngelisn t heN ew YorkT ribunteh,e C hartiPseto ple's
Papera nd severoatlh epru blicatiwornist tednu rintgh e
year1s8 52t o1 856.
Ina ddititootn h estew ov olumeRsi,a zanpouvb lishoetdh er
studideesa linwgi ths pecipahla seosf M arx'ls ietrarya c­
tivityD.u ringt hep astfi fteeyne arsR iazanohva sc on­
tributetdo G ermana ndR ussiapnu blicatiaorntsi,c ldeeasl ­
ingw ithd ifferepnetr ioidnst. h eh istoorfyM arxiatnh ought
andm ovement,o faw lhli chha veb eenc ollectead R uisns ian
volumoef 6 50p ages.
In1 920R iazanoevs tablisuhnedde,rt hea uspicoefst he
SovieGto vernment,t hen oww orlfda mouMsa rxE-ngelIsn ­
stituatteM oscowa nd,t ogethweirt ha largneu mbeorf a s­
sociatiesds e,v otianlghl i se nergiteost hec ollectainodtn h e
studoyf s cientmiafitce ridaela liwnigt ht heo rigiannsd t he
developmoefnt th es ocialmiosvte mentth roughotuhte world.
Thankst oh ise fforttsh eI nstitiustn eo wi np ossessioofn
larglei brarcioevse ring sociloiltoegtruiarceaw lih t particu­
larr eferentcoe G ermanyF,r anceE,n glanda,n dR ussia.
Aftearc cumulatai gnrge adte aolf o riginwarli tinogfMs a rx
andE ngelasn dc hecking ptuhbeliirs hweodr kst,h eI nsti­
tuthea sb.e gunt oi ssuuen dre thee ditorsohfiR pi azanoav
definiteidviet ioofnt hec omplewtoer kosf M arxa ndE ngels
int hirty-vsoilxu mesN.o studenotfs ocihails torofyt he
nineteecnetnht urcya nf oregao p erusaolft hew ritingosf
Marxa nd Engels cotvheemr oisntig m portafinftt yy earosf
1 Aus denl iterarisNcahcehnl asvso nK arlM arxu ndF riedriEcnhg el's
Berl3i vno,l s.
2 GesamelStceh riftveonn K arlM arx und FriedriEcnhg els1,8 5b2i s
1862B,e rlin.
D.R IAZANOV 7
thatc enturyF.o rt hisre asotnh eI nstitcuotnet emplates
bringionugt a ni nternatieodniatlio ofnt hec ollecwtoerdk s,
ands tudenotfs s ocialiasnmd sociamlo vementwsi lhla ve
fort hefi rstt imea tt heicro mmanda llt hew ritinogfs t he
founderofs s cientsioficci alisTmh.i se ditiwoinl clo ntain
writinogfsM arx andE ngelhsi therutnok nowno,r k nown
onlyi np artsa,n dn owm adea vailabbylR ei azanovt'wse nty
yearosf u nstinteeffdo ratn db oundledsesv otitoonM arxian
researcIhn. a dditiotnh,eI nstitiustp eu blishtihnegc ol­
lectewdo rkso fa lls tandaMradr xiaanu thorasn,d i n1 926
begant oi ssuaet F rankforutn,d erR iazanove'dsi torship,
theJ fa rx-EgnelAs rchicvo ntaintihnegr esulotfst hei nten­
siv:eM arxisatnu diceosn ductbeyd t hes taffo ft heI nstitute.
Thosew ho havek nowno fR iazanovr'isc hk nowledogfe
theh istoorfy: Marxiwsemr eh opinfgo rb ookosn Marxa nd
Engelfsr om his Tpheeno .u tstandbiinogg raphisctauld y
ofM arxb yF ranzl\I ehringa,n3dm anyo ft he smaclolnetrr i­
butiotnost hes tudoyf M arx, haveb eend eclariendc omplete
inm anyi mportadnett aiblysR iazanovV.e ryl itthlaesb een
writteanb outE ngels.O nlyt hefi rstv olumoe f Gustav
Mayer'sst ud4y c overitnhgep erioodf t hefi rstth irtyye ars
ofE ngelsl'i fhea st husf ara ppeared.
Thep resevnotl umies a resuolfta populasre rioefsl ec­
turedse aliwnigt ht hel iveasn dw orko fM arx andE ngels
deliverbey dR iazanoavt theM oscowS ocialAicsatd emy.
Noto nlyh as Riazaunsoevda novewla y oft reatibnogt h
Marxa ndE ngelast thes amet ime-fora spano fa bout
fortyye artsh el iterawroyr ko fo nei sc omplimenttaotr hya t
of theo thearn dv eryo fteins i ndivisibleh-ebh uatsa lso
choseMna rx's own meitnth eoldl itnhges toroyf t hel ives
andw orko ft het wof rienadnsd c ollaboratTohruss.i nt his
unusuabli ogprhaicaslt udwye a ren oto nlyg iveann a ccount
oft hed evelopmeofn tth eg eniuasn dt hea chievemeonft s
Marxa ndE ngelbsu,t a rea lstor eatteoda scholadrelsyc rip­
tioonf t het imea nds ocicaoln ditiuonndse wrh icthh eyg rew
fromy outht om anhooda ndt oa ripoel da ge.T hei ntel-
a ](arlM arx:G eschichsteei neLse bensB,e rli1n9,2 F3o,u rthE dition.
4 FriedriEcnhg else,i neB iographiBee,r li1n9,2 0.