Kaplan Hipertensión clínica PDF
Preview Kaplan Hipertensión clínica
0002147640.INDD 1 7/18/2014 4:18:22 PM Kaplan’s Clinical Hypertension Eleventh Edition 0002147640.INDD 1 7/18/2014 4:18:22 PM 0002147640.INDD 2 7/18/2014 4:18:22 PM Kaplan’s Clinical Hypertension Eleventh Edition Norman M. Kaplan, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Dallas, Texas Ronald G. Victor, MD Burns and Allen Professor of Medicine Director, Hypertension Center Associate Director, The Heart Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California With a Chapter by Joseph T. Flynn, MD, MS Professor of Pediatrics University of Washington School of Medicine Chief, Division of Nephrology Seattle Children’s Hospital Seattle, Washington 0002147640.INDD 3 7/18/2014 4:18:23 PM Acquisitions Editor: Julie Goolsby Product Development Editor: Andrea Vosburgh Production Project Manager: David Orzechowski Design Coordinator: Steven Druding Senior Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh Marketing Manager: Stephanie Manzo Prepress Vendor: SPi Global 11th edition Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 2006, 2000, 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 1994, 1990, 1986, 1982, 1978, 1973 by Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer Health at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at [email protected], or via our website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kaplan, Norman M., 1931- author. Kaplan’s clinical hypertension / Norman M. Kaplan, Ronald G. Victor ; with a chapter by Joseph T. Flynn.— Eleventh edition. p. ; cm. Clinical hypertension Preceded by Kaplan’s clinical hypertension / Norman M. Kaplan, Ronald G. Victor ; with a chapter by Joseph T. Flynn. 10th ed. c2010. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “The 11th Edition of Kaplan’s Clinical Hypertension continues to integrate the latest basic sci- ence findings and clinical trial data to provide current, practical, evidence-based recommendations for treatment and prevention of all forms of hypertension. As in previous editions, abundant algorithms and flow charts are included to aid clinicians in decision-making.”—Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-4511-9013-7 I. Victor, Ronald G., author. II. Flynn, Joseph T., author. III. Title. IV. Title: Clinical hypertension. [DNLM: 1. Hypertension. WG 340] RC685.H8 Proudly sourced and uploaded by [StormRG] 616.1’32—dc23 Kickass Torrents | TPB | ET | h33t 2014018870 This work is provided “as is,” and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work. This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon health care professionals’ examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance, and this work is merely a reference tool. Health care professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments. Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional veri- fication of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made, and health care professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing medi- cation, health care professionals are advised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturer’s package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings, and side effects and to identify any changes in dosage schedule or contradictions, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, is infrequently used, or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a mat- ter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work. LWW.com 0002147640.INDD 4 7/18/2014 4:18:23 PM To those such as Goldblatt and Grollman, Braun-Menéndez and Page, Lever and Pickering, Mancia, Brenner, and Laragh, Julius, Hansson, and Freis, and the many others, whose work has made it possible for us to put together what we hope will be a useful book on clinical hypertension. 0002147640.INDD 5 7/18/2014 4:18:23 PM 0002147640.INDD 6 7/18/2014 4:18:23 PM Preface ypertension continues to increase in preva- ◗ Give more attention to the common problems; the H lence both in developed and developing coverage of primary hypertension takes up more countries, thereby expanding its role in car- than half. diovascular and renal morbidity and mortality ◗ Cover every form of hypertension at least briefly, worldwide. providing references for those seeking more infor- Two major developments since the 10th edition mation. Additional coverage is provided on topics are (1) percutaneous device-based therapy especially that have recently assumed greater importance, with renal denervation but also carotid baroreceptor for example, renal denervation, new hypertension pacing and (2) new hypertension guidelines. The guidelines, and primary aldosteronism. surge of publications on both topics has raised more ◗ Cover the latest published data that we believe are questions than answers and has lead to much debate useful to improve diagnosis and treatment. among the experts, which stands to confuse clinicians, ◗ Provide enough pathophysiology to permit sound patients, and policy makers. What is the future of clinical judgment. device-based therapy, which seemed to hold such ◗ Be objective and identify areas of current promise for drug-resistant hypertension? What are the controversy. appropriate goals of medication therapy? Do certain As before, Dr. Joseph Flynn, head of Pediatric groups of patients deserve more intensive or less Nephrology at Seattle Children’s Hospital, has con- intensive therapy? We have attempted to address these tributed a chapter on hypertension in childhood and issues in a fair and balanced manner. adolescence. The overall literature about hypertension has We thank all of the thousands of investigators grown, perhaps even more than its increased preva- whose work enables us to compose the 11th edition of lence. A considerable amount of new information is this book. covered in this edition, presented in a manner that we hope enables the reader to grasp its significance and NormaN m. KaplaN, m.D. place it in perspective. Almost every page has been roNalD G. Victor, m.D. revised, using the same goals as reached in previous editions. vii 0002147640.INDD 7 7/18/2014 4:18:23 PM 0002147640.INDD 8 7/18/2014 4:18:23 PM Contents Dedication v Preface vii 1 Hypertension in the Population at Large 1 2 Measurement of Blood Pressure 18 3 Primary Hypertension: Pathogenesis (with a Special Section on Renal Denervation and Carotid Baroreceptor Pacing) 40 4 Primary Hypertension: Natural History and Evaluation 116 5 Management of Hypertension: Why, When, How Far 142 6 Treatment of Hypertension: Lifestyle Modifications 179 7 Treatment of Hypertension: Drug Therapy 198 8 Hypertensive Emergencies 263 9 Renal Parenchymal Hypertension 275 10 Renovascular Hypertension 297 11 Primary Aldosteronism 320 12 Pheochromocytoma (with a Preface About Incidental Adrenal Masses) 341 13 Hypertension Induced by Cortisol or Deoxycorticosterone 364 14 Other Forms of Identifiable Hypertension 378 15 Hypertension with Pregnancy and the Pill 398 16 Hypertension in Childhood and Adolescence 418 Appendix: Patient Information 443 Index 445 iiixxx 0002147640.INDD 9 7/18/2014 4:18:23 PM
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