Justice & outcomes: legal studies for VCE.

572 Pages·44.341 MB·English

by  Lisa Filippin, Margaret Beazer, Annie Wilson, Peter Farrar.

title: FIL_JO_SB34_14e_10363_CVR format: 280mm x 217mm spine: 22.7mm colours used: CMYK
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UNITS 3 & 4
F W B F
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YEAR 12
LISA FILIPPIN
MARGARET BEAZER
ANNIE WILSON
ISBN 978-0-19-031036-3 PETER FARRAR
9 780190 310363
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14TH EDITION
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JUSTICE &
O UTC OMES
LEGAL STUDIES FOR VCE
UNITS 3 & 4
YEAR 12
LISA FILIPPIN
MARGARET BEAZER
ANNIE WILSON
PETER FARRAR

14TH EDITION
00_FIL_JO_SB34_14e_10363_TXT_SI.indd 1 9/10/2017 1:19 PM
1
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© Lisa Filippin, Margaret Beazer, Annie Wilson and Peter Farrar 2018
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National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data
Lisa Filippin, author
Justice and Outcomes : VCE Legal Studies Units 3 & 4 / Lisa Filippin, Margaret Beazer,
Annie Wilson, Peter Farrar
9780190310363 (paperback)
For secondary school age.
Subjects: Criminal justice, Administration of –Victoria-Textbooks.
Civil procedure-Victoria-Textbooks.
Justice, Administration of-Victoria-Textbooks.
Beazer, Margaret, author.
Wilson, Annie, 1964- author.
Farrar, Peter, 1962- author.
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CONTENTS

SUMMARY OF LEGAL CASES.....................................................vi
USING JUSTICE & OUTCOMES LEGAL STUDIES
FOR VCE UNITS 3 & 4 (14TH EDITION) .......................................x
CHAPTER 1 LEGAL TOOLKIT ..............................2
1.1 UNDERSTANDING THE VCE LEGAL STUDIES
COURSE .................................................................................4
1.2 SETTING YOURSELF UP FOR SUCCESS IN
VCE LEGAL STUDIES ...........................................................8
1.3 TIPS FOR SUCCESS ON SACS AND THE
END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION ..........................................13
1.4 MASTERING LEGAL CITATION .........................................17
1.5 CAREERS IN THE LAW ......................................................21
UNIT 3 RIGHTS AND JUSTICE ................24
CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO UNIT 3 –
RIGHTS AND JUSTICE ...................................28
2.1 THE NATURE OF LAWS AND THEIR PURPOSES ............30
2.2 THE AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION .................................32
2.3 LAW–MAKERS IN AUSTRALIA .........................................34
2.4 CRIMINAL LAW AND CIVIL LAW ......................................36
2.5 THE MEANING OF THE RULE OF LAW ............................38
CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE
VICTORIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM .....40
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE CRIMINAL
JUSTICE SYSTEM ...............................................................42
3.2 THE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE .........................................46
3.3 KEY CONCEPTS IN THE VICTORIAN CRIMINAL
JUSTICE SYSTEM ...............................................................52
3.4 THE RIGHTS OF AN ACCUSED .........................................57
3.5 THE RIGHTS OF VICTIMS ...................................................64
CHAPTER 3 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY,
REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE
ASSESSMENT TASK .....................................................72
iii
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CHAPTER 4 DETERMINING A CRIMINAL CHAPTER 7 RESOLVING A CIVIL DISPUTE ..200
CASE ..............................................................74
7.1 CONSUMER AFFAIRS VICTORIA ....................................202
4.1 THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS AVAILABLE 7.2 THE VICTORIAN CIVIL AND
TO ASSIST AN ACCUSED ..................................................76 ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL ..........................................208
4.2 THE PURPOSES OF COMMITTAL PROCEEDINGS ..........84 7.3 AN EVALUATION OF THE VICTORIAN CIVIL AND
4.3 PLEA NEGOTIATIONS ........................................................88 ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL .........................................214
7.4 THE PURPOSES OF CIVIL PRE-TRIAL
4.4 SENTENCE INDICATIONS .................................................92
PROCEDURES ..................................................................218
4.5 THE REASONS FOR A VICTORIAN COURT HIERARCHY .98
7.5 THE REASONS FOR A VICTORIAN
4.6 THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE JUDGE AND
COURT HIERARCHY .........................................................224
JURY IN A CRIMINAL TRIAL. ............................................101
7.6 THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE JUDGE
4.7 THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PARTIES
AND THE JURY IN A CIVIL TRIAL ...................................227
AND LEGAL PRACTITIONERS IN A
7.7 THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PARTIES
CRIMINAL TRIAL ..............................................................108
AND LEGAL PRACTITIONERS IN A CIVIL TRIAL .........231
4.8 THE PURPOSES OF SANCTIONS ...................................114
7.8 JUDICIAL POWERS OF CASE MANAGEMENT ..............235
4.9 TYPES OF SANCTIONS – FINES ....................................120
7.9 COURTS AS DISPUTE RESOLUTION BODIES ...............238
4.10 TYPES OF SANCTIONS – COMMUNITY
7.10 METHODS USED TO RESOLVE CIVIL DISPUTES –
CORRECTION ORDERS ....................................................123
MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION ...................................244
4.11 TYPES OF SANCTIONS – IMPRISONMENT ...................126
7.11 METHODS USED TO RESOLVE CIVIL DISPUTES –
4.12 SENTENCING FACTORS .................................................130
ARBITRATION ...................................................................249
CHAPTER 4 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY, 7.12 REMEDIES ..........................................................................254
REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE
CHAPTER 7 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY,
ASSESSMENT TASK ...................................................136
REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE
ASSESSMENT TASKS ......................................................262
CHAPTER 5 REFORMING THE CRIMINAL
JUSTICE SYSTEM ........................................138 CHAPTER 8 REFORMING THE CIVIL
JUSTICE SYSTEM ........................................264
5.1 COSTS FACTORS ..............................................................140
5.2 TIME FACTORS .................................................................148 8.1 COSTS FACTORS ...............................................................266
5.3 CULTURAL FACTORS ......................................................154 8.2 TIME FACTORS ..................................................................274
5.4 RECENT REFORMS ..........................................................162 8.3 ACCESSIBILITY FACTORS ...............................................280
5.5 RECOMMENDED REFORMS ............................................166 8.4 RECENT REFORMS ..........................................................286
CHAPTER 5 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY, 8.5 RECOMMENDED REFORMS ............................................290
REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE CHAPTER 8 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY, REVISION
ASSESSMENT TASK ...................................................170 QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE ASSESSMENT TASK .294
UNIT 3 ASSESSMENT TASKS ..........................................296
CHAPTER 6 I NTRODUCTION TO THE
VICTORIAN CIVIL JUSTICE SYSTEM ........... 172
6.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE CIVIL JUSTICE SYSTEM ........174 UNIT 4 THE PEOPLE AND THE LAW ......298
6.2 THE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE .......................................178
6.3 KEY CONCEPTS IN THE VICTORIAN CIVIL
CHAPTER 9 INTRODUCTION TO UNIT 4 –
JUSTICE SYSTEM .............................................................182
THE PEOPLE AND THE LAW .......................302
6.4 RELEVANT FACTORS WHEN INITIATING A CIVIL CLAIM –
NEGOTIATION AND COSTS .............................................186
9.1 THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE
6.5 RELEVANT FACTORS WHEN INITIATING A CIVIL CLAIM – BRITISH PARLIAMENT .....................................................304
LIMITATIONS, LIABILITY AND ENFORCEMENT ...........191
9.2 THE FEDERATION OF AUSTRALIA .................................305
CHAPTER 6 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY,
9.3 PARLIAMENTS IN AUSTRALIA .......................................306
REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE
9.4 THE MEANING OF THE RULE OF LAW ...........................307
ASSESSMENT TASK ...................................................198
iv JUSTICE & OUTCOMES LEGAL STUDIES FOR VCE UNITS 3 & 4
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CHAPTER 10 THE PEOPLE AND THE CHAPTER 13 THE COURTS ............................420
CONSTITUTION ............................................308
13.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE COURTS ...................................422
10.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALIAN 13.2 THE ROLE OF COURTS IN LAW-MAKING –
CONSTITUTION .................................................................310 PRECEDENT .....................................................................424
13.3 THE ROLE OF THE COURTS IN LAW-MAKING –
10.2 THE ROLE OF THE PARLIAMENT IN LAW-MAKING ....312
DEVELOPING AND AVOIDING PRECEDENT ..................431
10.3 THE ROLE OF THE CROWN IN LAW-MAKING ..............319
13.4 STATUTORY INTERPRETATION ......................................438
10.4 THE DIVISION OF CONSTITUTIONAL
13.5 THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT. ....................................446
LAW-MAKING POWERS ..................................................321
13.6 JUDICIAL CONSERVATISM ..............................................450
10.5 SECTION 109 OF THE AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION ..326
13.7 JUDICIAL ACTIVISM ..........................................................453
10.6 THE BICAMERAL STRUCTURE OF THE
13.8 COST AND TIME IN BRINGING A CASE TO COURT .......456
COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENT ..................................329
13.9 THE REQUIREMENT OF STANDING ................................460
10.7 THE SEPARATION OF EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE
13.10 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COURTS
AND JUDICIAL POWERS .................................................334
AND PARLIAMENT IN LAW-MAKING ............................464
10.8 THE EXPRESS PROTECTION OF RIGHTS ......................340
CHAPTER 13 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY,
10.9 THE ROLE OF THE HIGH COURT IN INTERPRETING REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE
THE AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION ...............................348 ASSESSMENT TASK ....................................................470
10.10 THE REQUIREMENT FOR A DOUBLE
MAJORITY IN A REFERENDUM ......................................352 CHAPTER 14 LAW REFORM ..........................472
CHAPTER 10 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY, 14.1 REASONS FOR LAW REFORM .........................................474
REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE
14.2 INDIVIDUALS INFLUENCING LAW REFORM
ASSESSMENT TASK ...................................................356 THROUGH PETITIONS .....................................................482
14.3 INDIVIDUALS INFLUENCING LAW REFORM
CHAPTER 11 CHANGING AND PROTECTING THROUGH DEMONSTRATIONS ......................................486
THE CONSTITUTION ....................................358 14.4 INDIVIDUALS INFLUENCING LAW REFORM
THROUGH THE COURTS. ..................................................489
11.1 HIGH COURT CASES AND SECTIONS 7 AND 24
14.5 THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN LAW REFORM .................492
OF THE CONSTITUTION ..................................................360
14.6 THE VICTORIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION .............498
11.2 REFERENDUMS ...............................................................368
14.7 PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES . ...................................506
11.3 THE HIGH COURT AND THE DIVISION OF
14.8 ROYAL COMMISSIONS .....................................................514
LAW-MAKING POWERS ..................................................376
14.9 THE ABILITY OF PARLIAMENT AND THE COURTS
11.4 INTERPRETATION OF THE EXTERNAL
TO RESPOND TO THE NEED FOR LAW REFORM ..........520
AFFAIRS POWER ..............................................................381
CHAPTER 14 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY,
CHAPTER 11 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY,
REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE
REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE
ASSESSMENT TASK ....................................................528
ASSESSMENT TASK ...................................................390
UNIT 4 ASSESSMENT TASK S ..........................................530
CHAPTER 12 THE PARLIAMENT ...................392
12.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PARLIAMENT ..........................394 GLOSSARY ...............................................532
12.2 THE ROLES OF THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT ............396
12.3 THE REPRESENTATIVE NATURE OF INDEX .....................................................541
PARLIAMENT .....................................................................404
12.4 POLITICAL PRESSURES ..................................................408
MEET OUR AUTHORS .................................553
12.5 RESTRICTIONS ON LAW-MAKING POWERS ................415
CHAPTER 12 REVIEW CHAPTER SUMMARY,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................554
REVISION QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE
ASSESSMENT TASK ...................................................418
v
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SUMMARY OF LEGAL CASES
CHAPTER 1 LEGAL TOOLKIT (28 February 2017) .......................................................141
No legal cases Tomasevic v Travaglini (2007) 17 VR 100 ..........................146
R v Kina [1993] QCA 480 (29 November 1993) .................155
UNIT 3 RIGHTS AND JUSTICE
CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO THE
VICTORIAN CIVIL JUSTICE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO
Ramsay v AusNet Electricity Services Pty Ltd [2016]
UNIT 3 – RIGHTS AND JUSTICE
VSC 725 (2 December 2016) .......................................183
Hunter v The Queen [2013] VSCA 385 Downie v Spiral Foods Pty Ltd [2015] VSC 190
(19 December 2013) ......................................................37 (7 May 2015) .................................................................184
GGG v YYY [2011] VSC 429 (1 September 2011) ...............192
CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO Blake v J R Perry Nominees Pty Ltd [2012] VSCA 122
(14 June 2012) ..............................................................193
THE VICTORIAN CRIMINAL
Kalos v Goodyear & Dunlop Tyres (Aust) Pty Ltd
JUSTICE SYSTEM
[2016] VSC 715 (29 November 2016) ..........................195
DPP v ABD Group Pty Ltd [2016] VCC 1450
(29 September 2016) ....................................................44 CHAPTER 7 RESOLVING A CIVIL DISPUTE
Jago v District Court of NSW (1989) 168 CLR 23 ................48
Hoskin v Greater Bendigo City Council [2015] VSCA 350
Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292 .........................60 (16 December 2015) ....................................................212
Ivanovic v Qantas Airways Limited (Civil Claims) [2016]
CHAPTER 4 DETERMINING A
VCAT 2202 (23 December 2016) ..................................215
CRIMINAL CASE
Udugampala v Essential Services Commission (Human
Rights) [2016] VCAT 2130 (30 December 2016) ..........216
Bayley v Nixon and Victoria Legal Aid [2015] VSC 744
(18 December 2015); Bayley v The Queen [2016] Banque Commerciale SA, En liquidation v Akhil
VSCA 160 (13 July 2016) ...............................................80 Holdings Pty Ltd (1991) 69 CLR 279 ............................219
DPP v Bailey [2017] VSC 195 (13 April 2017) ......................85 McConnell Dowell Constructors (Aust) Pty Ltd v Santam
Ltd (No 1) [2016] VSC 734 (2 December 2016) .............220
R v MacKinnon [2015] VSC 619 (6 November 2015) ...........92
Crown Melbourne Limited v Cosmopolitan Hotel (Vic)
Cook v The Queen [2016] VSCA 174 (25 July 2016) ..........102
Pty Ltd (2016) 333 ALR 384 .........................................226
Smith v Western Australia (2014) 250 CLR 473 ................106
Matthews v AusNet Electricity Services Pty Ltd & Ors
Weissensteiner v The Queen (1993) 178 CLR 217 ............109
[2014] VSC 663 ............................................................245
Gant v The Queen; Siddique v The Queen [2017]
SAI Global Property Division Pty Ltd v Johnstone [2016]
VSCA 104 (8 May 2017) ................................................111
FCA 1333 (14 November 2016) ...................................256
DPP v England [2016] VCC 1486 (6 October 2016) ...........115 Medic v Kandetzi [2006] VCC 705 (13 June 2006) .............257
R v Banek [2017] VSC 11 (1 February 2017) ....................116 Erlich v Leifer [2015] VSC 499 (16 September 2015) .......257
DPP v Keefer [2016] VCC 1805 (25 November 2016) .......117 Bendigo Street Application (SCV, Croft J, 14 August,
DPP v Granata [2016] VSCA 190 (8 August 2016) ............118 unreported) .................................................................258
DPP v Bilic Homes Pty Ltd [2016] VCC 810 (14 June 2016) ..121 Just Group Limited v van Dyk [2016] VSC 66
(23 February 2016) .......................................................259
DPP v Harrison [2016] VCC 1763 (17 November 2016) ...124
DPP v Bennison [2016] VSC 686 (29 November 2016) ....130
CHAPTER 8 REFORMING THE CIVIL
DPP v Smith [2016] VCC 1419 (16 September 2016) ......132
JUSTICE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 5 REFORMING THE
Loftus v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM [No 2] [2016] VSCA 308 (8 December 2016) ................267
Matsoukatidou v Yarra Ranges Council [2017] VSC 61
vi JUSTICE & OUTCOMES LEGAL STUDIES FOR VCE UNITS 3 & 4
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CHAPTER 13 THE COURTS
UNIT 4 THE PEOPLE AND THE LAW
L Shaddock & Associates Pty Ltd v Parramatta City
Council (No 1) (1981) 150 CLR 225 ..............................425
CHAPTER 9 INTRODUCTION TO UNIT
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] All ER 1 ............................427
4 – THE PEOPLE AND THE LAW
Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd [1935] All ER 209 ...428
No legal cases Hedley Byrne & Co v Heller and Partners Ltd [1963]
2 All ER 575 .................................................................429
CHAPTER 10 THE PEOPLE AND THE Davies v Waldron [1989] VR 449 ......................................431
CONSTITUTION R v Klamo (2008) 18 VR 644 ............................................432
State Government Insurance Commission v Trigwell
McBain v Victoria (2000) 99 FCR 116 ...............................326
(1979) 142 CLR 617 .....................................................433
DPP (Cth) v Besim [2017] VSCA 158 (23 June 2017) Norris v Sibberas [1990] VR 161 ......................................434
and DPP (Cth) v M H K (a Pseudonym) [2017]
Miller v Miller (2011) 242 CLR 446 ..................................436
VSCA 157 (23 June 2017) ............................................336
Grace v Fraser [1982] VR 1052 ........................................440
Williams v Commonwealth (2012) 248 CLR 156 ..............341
Deing v Tarola [1993] 2 VR 163 ........................................441
Betfair Pty Limited v Western Australia [2008] 234
Lansell House Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation
CLR 418 .......................................................................342
[2010] FCA 329 (9 April 2010) .....................................443
JT International SA v Commonwealth (2012) 250 CLR 1 .344
Mansfield v Kelly [1972] VR 744 .......................................444
Brown v The Queen (1986) 160 CLR 171 .........................345
Rowe v Electoral Commissioner [2010] 243 CLR 1 ..........451
Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth
Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and
(1992) 177 CLR 106 ......................................................349
Citizenship (2011) 244 CLR 144 ...................................454
Victoria v Commonwealth (1926) 38 CLR 399 ...................350
Plaintiff M68/2015 v Minister for Immigration and Border
Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth (1951) Protection (2016) 257 CLR 42 ......................................457
83 CLR 1 ......................................................................353
Commonwealth v Australian Capital Territory (2013)
250 CLR 44 ...................................................................457
CHAPTER 11 CHANGING AND
Allen v Chadwick [2015] HCA 47 (9 December 2015) .......458
PROTECTING THE CONSTITUTION
Australia Conservation Foundation Inc v Commonwealth
(1980) 146 CLR 493 .....................................................460
Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997)
189 CLR 520 ................................................................361 Kuczborski v State of Queensland (2014) 175 CLR 1 .......461
Wotton v Queensland (2012) 246 CLR 1 ...........................363 Re McBain; Ex Parte Australian Catholic Bishops
Conference (2002) 209 CLR 372 ..................................462
Monis v The Queen (2013) 249 CLR 92 ............................364
DPP v Closter [2014] VSC 484 (2 October 2014) .............466
Roach v Electoral Commissioner (2007) 233 CLR 162 .....365
Mabo v Queensland (No. 2) (1992) 107 ALR 1 ..................467
Murphy v Electoral Commissioner (2016) 334 ALR 369 ...366
R v Brislan; Ex parte Williams (1935) 54 CLR 262 ...........376
CHAPTER 14 LAW REFORM
Ha v New South Wales (1997) 189 CLR 465 ....................378
New South Wales v Commonwealth (2006) 229 CLR 1 ....379 D’Arcy v Myriad Genetics Inc (2015) 325 ALR 100 .............479
NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie
Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1 ..................382
(2014) 250 CLR 490 ......................................................489
Richardson v Forestry Commission of Tasmania
Certain Children by their Litigation Guardian Sister
(1988) 164 CLR 261 .........................................................384
Marie Brigid Arthur v Minister for Families and
New South Wales v Commonwealth (1975)
Children (No 2) [2017] VSC 251 (11 May 2017) ............490
135 CLR 337 ....................................................................385
Commonwealth v Australian Capital Territory [2013]
Polyukhovich v Commonwealth (1991) 172 CLR 502 .......386
HCA 55 (12 December 2013) .......................................525
CHAPTER 12 THE PARLIAMENT
No legal cases
vii
00_FIL_JO_SB34_14e_10363_TXT_SI.indd 7 16/10/2017 10:25 AM
USING JUSTICE & OUTCOMES

Legal Studies for VCE Units 3 & 4
Justice & Outcomes Legal Studies for VCE Units 3 & 4 (14th edition) has been fully revised and updated to
meet the requirements of the VCE Legal Studies Study Design 2018–2022. It off ers complete support
for teachers and students completing Units 3 & 4 of VCE Legal Studies.

Key features of the Student book
Legal toolkit
The legal toolkit at the front of the book is a stand-alone reference section for students that includes:
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CHAPTER 1 LEGAL TOOLKIT 17
viii JUSTICE & OUTCOMES LEGAL STUDIES FOR VCE UNITS 3 & 4
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