Just beyond the Classroom: Community Adventures for Interdisciplinary Learning.

115 Pages·2012·2.07 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
RC 020 334
ED 388 485
Knapp, Clifford E.
AUTHOR
Just beyond the Classroom: Community Adventures for
TITLE
Interdisciplinary Learning.
ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small
INSTITUTION
Schools, Charleston, WV.
Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED),
SPONS AGENCY
Washington, DC.
ISBN-1-880785-15-3
REPORT NO
PUB DATE
96
RR93002012
CONTRACT
NOTE
115p.
AVAILABLE FROM
ERIC/CRESS, P.O. Box 1348, Charleston, WV 25325-1348
($12).
PUB TYPE Information Analyses
Books (010)
ERIC
Classroom
Clearinghouse Products (071)
Guides
Teaching Guides (For Teacher)
Use
(052)
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.
Active Learning; *Class Activities; *Community Study;
DESCRIPTORS
Democratic Values; Educational Change; *Experiential
Learning; Field Trips; *Interdisciplinary Approach;
Intermediate Grades; Junior High Schools; Learning
Activities; Learning Strategies; *Outdoor Education;
Problem Solving; *StudEnt Centered Curriculum
*Problem Based Learning
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
Outdoor education, a general term describing the use
of resources outside the classroom, has long been considered a method
to improve student learning. This book aims to create a bridge
between current school reform efforts and the field of outdoor
education. Chapter 1
introduces the idea of outdoor education and
relates several recent educational innovations to principles of
outdoor education and experiential learning. These innovations
include service learning,, children's museums, constructivism,
problem-based learning, technology-based authentic learning, concern
for multiple intelligences, and interdisciplinary learning. Chapter 2
makes suggestions for planning outdoor learning, explains the role of
the teacher in student-centered learning, and outlines a learning
adventure model. Chapter 3 presents 12 outdoor adventures that move
instruction into the community. Developed for grades 4-9, these
adventures can be adapted to most ages or to nonschool situations or
can be a model for teachers to develop their own thematic units. Each
adventure contains an organizing problem, background, outcomes,
activities, reflection questions, and performance assessments. Themes
include observing people at the shopping center, community planning,
local pollution problems, starting a democratic society,
homesteading, seeing a city block, fast-food fact finding, scouting
the school grounds, reading the cemetery "story," down the drain,
nature in the city, and creating a nature trail. Appendices contain a
brief history of outdoor education and experiential learning, an
environmental inventory, bibliographies of related materials,
guidelines for creating student-centered learning communities,
related organizations, and 15 ways to study a place without a guide.
Contains 44 references.
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JUST BEYOND THE CLASSROOM
0
JUST BEYOND THE CLASSROONI:
COMMUNITY ADVENTURES FOR
INTERDISCIPLINARY LEARNING
Clifford E. Knapp
ERIldl
Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools
Charleston, \Vest Virginia
Jusr
BEYOND THE CLASSROOM
'ERIC]
Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Sinai! Schools
Appalachia Educational Laboratory
PO Box 1348, Charleston, WV 25325
Copyright 1996
by the Appalachia Educational Laboratory, Inc.
All rights reserved.
ISBN 1-880785-15-3
Illustrations by John MacDonald, Williamstown, MA
Cover design by Richard Hendel, Chapel Hill, NC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Knapp, Clifford.
Just beyond the classroom : community adventures for
interdisciplinary learning / Clifford E. Knapp.
Cm.
p.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107)
ISBN 1-880785-15-3
1. Outdoor education--United States. 2. Interdisciplinary
approach in education--United States. 3. Problem-based
learning--United States. 4. Community and school--United
I. Title
States.
LB1047.K573 1996
95-45575
371 3'8--dc20
CIP
This publication was prepared with funding from the U.S. Department
of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, under
contract no. RR93002012. The opinions expressed herein do not
necessarily reflect the positions or policies of the Office of Educational
Research and Improvement or the Department of Education.
The ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools is
operated by the Appalachia Educational Laboratory (AEI.), Inc. Al' 1.
is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer.
iv
COMMUNITY ADVENTURES FOR INTERDISCRt ;NARY LEA 7N;',.G
To my grandchildren,
Cindy. Eric, Shannon, and Shawn, and others
of their generation.
V
COMMUNITY ADVENTURES FOR INTERD,SCIPLINARY LEA?NING
Table of Contents
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
Chapter 1.
Educational Reform and Outdoor Education
1
Chapter 2.
Planning for Outdoor Learning
19
Chapter 3.
Twelve Outdoor Adventure Themes
Watching and Talking to People
No. 1
at the Shopping Centil
34
No. 2
Community Planning
Local Pollution Problems
No. 3
41
No. 4
Homesteading the Land
44
Starting a Democratic Society
No. 5
47
No. 6
Seeing a City Block
50
Fast-Food Fact Finding
No. 7
Scouting the School Grounds
No. 8
57
No, 9
Reading the Cemetery Story
60
No. 10 Down the Drain
64
Nature in the City
No. 11
67
No. 12 Designing and Constructing a Nature Trail
71
More Organizing Problems to Investigate
75
Appendices
A. A Brief History of Outdoor Education and
Experiential Learning
77
B. Environmental Inventories
83
C. Children's Literature Springboards to Outdoor
Adventures
87
D. Selected Readings in Community Adventures and
Interdisciplinary Learning
89
E. Annotated Bibliography of Books on Student-Centered,
Outdoor Learnintz
91
Guidelines for Creating Student-Centered Learning
F.
Communities
oo
G. Otganilations and Programs
II. FiReen Ways to Stud a Place Without a (iuide
11)1
References
103
About the Author
107
VII
COUMUNITv_ADV E'gvRES _FOR NIEfrDISC,PLif.Alr, LE
Preface
Teachers, administrators, and policy makers are striving to
a fragmented curriculum, foster tea( hiag methods which
untfy
engage students as active participants in the learning process,
and respond to the needs of at-risk students. These efforts call for
experiential educators to enter the national discourse on
educational reform.
(W,theirner, Kahne, & Gerstein, 1992, p. -18)
School reform is a controversial topic.
Educational leaders
have different ideas about how to improve schools by modifying
instructional methods, reorganizing the curriculum, or rethinking
how experiences and suhrect matter content lead to meaningful
learning. This monograph is abcut changing education by mov-
ing beyond the classroom to learn about the community and
surrounding area.
Outdoor education, a general term describing the use of re-
sources (including both natural and artificial erwironments) out-
side the classroom, has long been considered a method to improve
student learning. The purpose of this hook is to create a bridge
between current school reform efforts and the field of outdoor
education. The following pages are the planks on that bridge to
help teachers move outdoors. The different approaches to achiev-
ing, school reform are appropriate for teachers of all levels. The
interdisciplinary activities in Chapter 3 have been designed for
upper elementary, middle and junior high age students (grades 4-
9), but could be modified by creative teachers for use with other
stud,.;1 rs in school or nonschool settings.
In the early 1900s, outdoor educatit
. played a significant role
in supporting mainstream education.
During the progressive
movement, outdoor educators and other like-minded educators
wor ked hand in hand. Now, a resurgence of outdoor education
and other experience-based methods of learning can once again
help educators restructure schools.
Ix
Jusr
BEYOND THE CLASSROOM
Chapter 1 introduces the idea of outdoor education and de-
scribes several educational innovations and relates them to some
principles of outdoor education. This summary of educational
trends has been synthesized from recent issues of the Association
for Supervision and Curriculum Development's (ASCD) Update
newsletter and other sources. A list of 12 generalizations drawn
from the selected reform efforts concludes the chapter.
Chapter 2 offers some suggestions about planning for outdoor
The role of the teacher in implementing student-
learning.
centered learning is also explained. Based on recent research 1- y
curriculum specialists and psychologists, a learning adventure
model is described.
Beginning with a brief introduction to interdisciplinary or
integrated curriculums, Chapter 3 is a collection of 12 outdoor
adventures that provides teachers with ideas for nloving instruc-
tion into the community and surrounding area. Th...se adventures
can serve as models for teachers to devet:p their own thematic,
interdisciplinary units.
Appendix A includes a more detailed history of outdoor
education and describes several current programs that use the
community outside the school. The appendices also include lists
of useful references to help readers pursue the topics in more
depth, as well as other practical and theoretical instructional
support materials.
This book shows teachers how to restructure educat ion through
thematic and problem-based outdoor experiences. Exciting ad-
ventures begin with the first step outside the classroom. So. pack
up and go outdoors!
=IP
COMMUNITY ADVENTURES FOR INTERDISCIPLINARx LEARNING
Acknowledgments
We are all like sponges soaking up the liquids of life experi-
ence. Some liquids evaporate and we forget. Others stay with us
and we remember. When we are asked to share experiences with
others, we can squeeze out some of what we have retained for
others to absorb, if they are ready and willing.
This book is dedicated to rro,' grandchildrenCindy, Eric.
Shannon, and Shawnand others of their generation. They and
their teachers are the ones who can benefit from moving beyond
the classroom to soak up know!edge through direct experiences.
I thank all those who have helped to saturate my experience
sponge so that I could share what I've learned with the world's
future leaders and their teachers.
I would also like to credit my colleagues and our students at the
Lorado Taft Field Campus for helping to provide a climate for
experimenting with and exploring ideas for outdoor learning.
Especially helpful in preparing and editing this monograph were
Jan Woodhouse and Patricia Cahape Hammer. Good editors
always help authors appear to be better writers than they actually
are. This is the case with their help in preparing this manuscript.
I would also like to thank my typist, Judith Young, for her work
in transforming my ideas to words on the printed page.
XI