Table Of Content

Comparison F+ (f f → f) f = f + f 1 2 3 3 1 2 Jupiter F- (f f → f) f = f - f 1 2 3 3 1 2 < (n1 n2 → flag) True if n1 < n2 F* (f1 f2 → f3) f3 = f1 * f2 = (n1 n2 → flag) True if n1 = n2 F/ (f1 f2 → f3) f3 = f1 / f2 ACE > (n1 n2 → flag) True if n1 > n2 FNEGATE (f1 → f2) f2 = -f1 0< (n → flag) True if n < 0 0= (n → flag) True if n = 0 Memory 0> (n → flag) True if n > 0 Reference Card U< (u u → flag) True if u < u @ (adr → x) Read x (2 bytes) from adr 1 2 1 2 D< (d d → flag) True if d < d ! (x adr →) Store x (2 bytes) to adr 1 2 1 2 MAX (n n → n) Leave greater of two numbers C@ (adr → c) Read c (1 byte) from adr ACE Forth 1 2 3 MIN (n n → n) Leave lesser of two numbers C! (c adr →) Store c (1 byte) to adr 1 2 3 Stack Cells Description Logical Control Structures Notation c 1 Character (high byte ignored) AND (x x → x) Bitwise boolean AND IF (flag →) Conditional structure IF..(ELSE)..THEN 1 2 3 OR (x x → x) Bitwise boolean OR ELSE (→) False condition of an IF structure flag 1 Boolean (0 = False, 1 = True) 1 2 3 XOR (x x → x) Bitwise boolean XOR THEN (→) End of an IF conditional structure 1 2 3 n 1 Signed number DO (n n →) Counted loop structure DO...LOOP 1 2 u 1 Unsigned number Integer Arithmetic (n2 = count start, n1 = count end) LOOP (→) Increment loop count, terminate if end x 1 Non-specific single cell + (n n → n) n = n + n +LOOP (n →) Add n to loop count, terminate if end 1 2 3 3 1 2 adr 1 Memory address - (n n → n) n = n - n I (→ n) Get current loop count 1 2 3 3 1 2 * (n n → n) n = n * n I' (→ n) Get current loop count limit d 2 Signed double number 1 2 3 3 1 2 / (n n → n) n = n / n J (→ n) Get outer loop count 1 2 3 4 1 2 ud 2 Unsigned double number MOD (n n → n) Remainder of n / n (sign of n) LEAVE (→) Force a DO...LOOP count to end 1 2 3 1 2 1 /MOD (n n → n n) n = remainder of n / n BEGIN (→) Begin a WHILE or UNTIL loop xd 2 Non-specific double cell 1 2 3 4 3 1 2 n = n / n UNTIL (flag →) Loop until flag = true (BEGIN..UNTIL) 4 1 2 f 2 Floating point number */ (n1 n2 n3 → n4) n4 = n1 * n2 / n3 WHILE (flag →) Exit loop when flag = false Immediate words in Green */MOD (n n n → n n) n = remainder of n * n / n (BEGIN..WHILE..REPEAT) 1 2 3 4 5 4 1 2 3 Immediate and compile-only words in Blue n = n * n / n REPEAT (→) Jump back to BEGIN in a WHILE loop 5 1 2 3 1+ (n1 → n2) n2 = n1 + 1 EXIT ( → ) Exit current word execution Stack Manipulation 1- (n1 → n2) n2 = n1 - 1 EXECUTE (adr →) Execute word with compilation adr 2+ (n1 → n2) n2 = n1 + 2 CALL (adr →) Call Z80 code (terminated with jp(iy)) DROP (x →) Discard TOS (top of stack) 2- (n1 → n2) n2 = n1 - 2 ABORT (... →) Quit program, clearing data stack DUP (x → x x) Duplicate TOS ABS (n → u) u = |n| (absolute value) QUIT (→) Quit program, not clearing data stack ?DUP (x → x (x)) DUP, if non-zero NEGATE (n → n) n = -n (two's complement) 1 2 2 1 OVER (x1 x2 → x1 x2 x1) Copy second on stack to top U* (u1 u2 → ud) ud = u1 * u2 Character Input/Output PICK (xn...x1 n → xn...x1 xn) Copy nth cell to top U/MOD (ud u1 → u2 u3) u2 = remainder of ud / u1 ROLL (xn...x1 n → xn-1...x1 xn) Rotate nth cell to top u3 = ud / u1 CR (→) Print carriage return and line feed ROT (x1 x2 x3 → x2 x3 x1) Rotate 3rd cell to top D+ (d1 d2 → d3) d3 = d1 + d2 ASCII text (→ c) ASCII code of first character in text >R (x →) (R: → x) Move TOS to Return Stack DNEGATE (d1 → d2) d2 = -d1 (two's complement) EMIT (c →) Print ASCII c character R> (→ x) (R: x →) Retrieve from Return Stack SPACE (→) Print one space SWAP (x1 x2 → x2 x1) Exchange the two top cells Floating Point Arithmetic SPACES (n →) Print n spaces, if n > 0 ." (→) Print a string terminated by '' INT (f → n) Convert floating number to integer TYPE (adr n →) Print n characters from adr UFLOAT (u → f) Convert unsigned integer to float QUERY (→) Accept entry at the input buffer WORD (c → adr) Take text from input buffer using c COMPILER word (n →) Start a compiling word definition IN (adr → c) Read byte from Z80 input port adr as delimiter, leave adr of length byte RUNS> (→ adr) Defines the action routine of a OUT (c adr →) Write byte to Z80 output port adr RETYPE ( → ) Allow input buffer editing, turning compiling word INVIS (→) Disable copy-up mechanism and OK cursor to ? FIND word (→ adr) Find word compilation address VIS (→) Enable copy-up mechanism and OK INKEY (→ x) Read keyboard (0 = no key pressed) (0 if not found) LINE (→) Interpret the input buffer as FORTH FORGET word (→) Clear all definitions back to word PLOT (n n n →) Plot at n (X), n (Y) with mode n 1 2 3 1 2 3 Number Input/Output LIST word (→) List word definition (0 = unplot, 1=plot, 2=move, 3=change) EDIT word (→) Edit word definition BASE (→ adr) 1-byte variable containing REDEFINE word (→) Replace previous word with the Tape Files system number base newest dictionary entry DECIMAL (→) Set base to decimal LOAD name (→) Load vocabulary from tape . (n →) Print n with one trailing space Vocabulary SAVE name (→) Save vocabulary to tape U. (u →) Print unsigned with one VERIFY name (→) Verify vocabulary trailing space VOCABULARY name (→) Define a new vocabulary BLOAD name (adr u →) Load u bytes from tape to adr F. (f →) Print float with one trailing vocabulary (→) Set CONTEXT = vocabulary BSAVE name (adr u →) Save u bytes from adr to tape space CONTEXT (→ adr) Get current word search BVERIFY name (adr u →) Verify u bytes from adr CONVERT (d1 adr1 → d2 adr2) Convert string at adr1 to vocabulary address (15411) if adr = 0 then use file value (BLOAD or BVERIFY) double number and add into CURRENT (→ adr) Get current word definition if u = 0 then use file value (BLOAD or BVERIFY) d leaving result d vocabulary address (15409) 1 2 <# (→) Initiate formatted output FORTH (→) Set CONTEXT to the FORTH Error Codes # (ud → ud) Convert one digit from ud vocabulary 1 2 1 and HOLD it in the PAD DEFINITIONS (→) Set CURRENT vocabulary to Error Description #S (ud → 0 0) Convert and HOLD all CONTEXT remaining significant digits VLIST (→) List dictionary to screen 1 Not enough memory HOLD (c →) Insert character into formatted string Compiler 2 Data Stack Underflow SIGN (n →) HOLD minus sign if n < 0 3 BREAK pressed #> (ud → adr n) Finish formatted output , (x →) Compile x into the dictionary leaving address & length of C, (c →) Compile c into the dictionary 4 Compile only word the resulting string ALLOT (n →) Enclose n bytes in the dictionary NUMBER (→ x (adr)) Get number from input buffer LITERAL (x →) Compile x as literal 5 Structure imbalance (→ n 4102) Converted to integer [ (→) Enter interpret mode 6 Name size < 1 or > 64 (→ f 4181) Converted to float ] (→) Enter compile mode (→ 0) Conversion failed 7 PICK or ROLL operand ≤ 0 Miscellaneous 8 Floating point overflow Word Definition ( (→) Start a comment, terminated by ) 9 AT or PLOT to the input buffer : word (→) Start a word definition CLS (→) Clear screen ; (→) Terminate a word definition AT (n n →) Set print position to row n and 10 Tape error 1 2 1 VARIABLE name (x →) Define a variable with value x column n 2 11 REDEFINE or FORGET error variable-name (→ adr) Get variable adr HERE (→ adr) Next available dictionary location CONSTANT name (x →) Define a constant with value x PAD (→ adr) Scratch pad area address (9985) 12 Incomplete definition in dictionary constant-name (→ x) Get constant value SLOW (→) Normal execution. Enable error checks IMMEDIATE (→) Mark newest word as immediate 13 Word not found or is ROM or is FORTH FAST (→) Faster execution. Disable error checks CREATE name (→) Create a dictionary entry BEEP (u1 u2 →) Play tone 14 Word not Listable DEFINER word (→) Start a defining word definition u = 1000000 / (8 * frequency [Hz]) 1 DOES> (→ adr) Define the action routine of a u = duration [ms] defining word 2 2006 © by Ricardo F. Lopes