June 22: Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa, Italy. PDF
Preview June 22: Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa, Italy.
GIUSEPPE MAZZINI AND YOUNG ITALY “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Giuseppe Mazzini HDT WHAT? INDEX GIUSEPPE MAZZINI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI 1805 June 22, Saturday: Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa, Italy. NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT Giuseppe Mazzini “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX GIUSEPPE MAZZINI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI 1827 Giuseppe Mazzini graduated as a lawyer. NO-ONE’S LIFE IS EVER NOT DRIVEN PRIMARILY BY HAPPENSTANCE “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Giuseppe Mazzini HDT WHAT? INDEX GIUSEPPE MAZZINI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI 1830 Giuseppe Mazzini’s membership in a secret society pledged to overthrow absolute rule, known as the Carbonari, was betrayed to the police, and he was placed for several months under detention and interrogation. LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Giuseppe Mazzini HDT WHAT? INDEX GIUSEPPE MAZZINI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI 1831 In Marseilles, the nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini, who early in the year had been exiled from the Piedmont to Marseilles for membership in a secret society pledged to overthrow absolute rule, known as the Carbonari, began the Giovine Italia or Young Italy movement to promote a unified and republican Italy. The movement was based upon the inevitable laws of progress, duty, and sacrifice — in other words, its attraction was that it constituted a complete legitimation for whatever unexpressed viciousness lay latent in those years in young Italian men’s hearts. Walter Savage Landor’s GEBIR, COUNT JULIAN, AND OTHER POEMS (London: Moxon). This sold only 40 copies. He completed his work on HIGH AND LOW LIFE IN ITALY and forwarded the manuscript to Crabb Robinson (on account of difficulties with publishers this would not be making an appearance until 1837). THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT Early in the year: Giuseppe Mazzini was exiled from the Piedmont of Italy to Marseilles for membership in a secret society pledged to overthrow absolute rule and known as the Carbonari, and began the Giovine Italia or Young Italy movement for an independent, united, Italian Republic. The movement was based upon the inevitable laws of progress, duty, and sacrifice — in other words, its attraction was that it constituted a complete legitimation for whatever unexpressed viciousness lay latent in those years in young Italian men’s hearts. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Giuseppe Mazzini HDT WHAT? INDEX GIUSEPPE MAZZINI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI 1833 Henry Jacob Bigelow would be David Henry Thoreau’s classmate at Harvard College, until first receiving a “public admonition” and finally being dismissed from the college on April 24, 1837, the Saturday prior to the commencement in that year, for having been in possession of firearms and ammunition in his dormitory room and repeatedly discharging a firearm inside the room (MH-Ar Faculty Records UAIII 5.5.2.IX, 311). Evidently he was able to resume his studies, at Dartmouth College. In 1795 a Conservatoire des Artes et Métiers had been established for France, and in this year that system of trade museums was introduced into Germany (the 1st efforts to accomplish anything of the kind in England would not come until 1837 with the Museum of Economic Geology, in 1848 with the Museum of Economic HDT WHAT? INDEX GIUSEPPE MAZZINI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI Botany at Kew, and in 1851 with the Museum of Practical Geology and the School of Mines). At Harvard, under instructor Hermann Bokum (who was filling the place left vacant by the departure of Charles Follen), Thoreau began four terms of study of the German language. Bokum had just come to Harvard from the University of Pennsylvania, where he had just prepared a new edition of BERNAYS’ COMPENDIOUS GERMAN GRAMMAR, WITH A DICTIONARY OF PREFIXES AND AFFIXES, AND WITH ALTERNATIONS, ADDITIONS, AND REFERENCES TO AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE (60 pages; Philadelphia: Hogan and Thompson, 139½ Market Street, 1832). This, presumably, would have been used in Thoreau’s 1 classroom. COMPENDIOUS GERMAN Heinrich Heine’s ZUR GESCHICHTE DER NEUREN SCHÖNEN LITERATUR IN DEUTSCHLAND (PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE IN GERMANY). Also in this year, his FRANZÖSISCHE ZUSTÄNDE (FRENCH AFFAIRS). Twelve year-old future philologist George Adler was brought to the USA from Leipzig, Germany. A projected uprising in the Piedmont was betrayed before it had begun, and a number of its idealistic and ruthless ringleaders committed suicide or were executed. The Italian government put a dead-or-alive price on Giuseppe Mazzini’s head, and he had to move to Switzerland to get out of the jurisdiction of the French police. In Switzerland he tried to raise an army to invade Savoy, but not enough young men were willing to die, so instead he founded organizations named Young Germany, Young Switzerland, Young Poland, and Young Europe. 1. Interestingly, both Charles Follen and Hermann Bokum would be instrumental in bringing the Christmas Tree tradition to America. HDT WHAT? INDEX GIUSEPPE MAZZINI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI 1837 The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini moved his base of operations from France to England. After a series of concerts in Nice and Marseilles Nicolò Paganini returned to Genoa, where he drew up his last will and testament. In the document he left his violin known as “Cannone” created by Giuseppe Antonio Guarneri del Gesù (1698-1744) of Cremona in 1743 to the city of his birth “so that it may be kept for perpetuity.” He played a charity concert in Turin to give thanks for the legitimacy that Carlo Alberto of Piedmont had granted to his son Achilles. When Giacomo Costantino Beltrami returned to Italy to his Azienda estate at Filottrano, he discovered himself 2 still to be in disfavor. When he asked the Pope to allow publication of his LE MEXIQUE, his request was denied. 2. As he might very well have expected that it would be — was this “asking” a stunt? HDT WHAT? INDEX GIUSEPPE MAZZINI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI 1840 In London, Giuseppe Mazzini combined with Giuseppe Lamberti in Paris to revive the Young Italy movement. He became acquainted with Thomas Carlyle and Jane Welsh Carlyle. James Bogardus, while on vacation in Italy “contemplating rich architectural designs of antiquity,” conceived the idea of emulating them in a novel material: cast iron. THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Giuseppe Mazzini HDT WHAT? INDEX GIUSEPPE MAZZINI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI 1844 The Bandiera brothers, conspirators with Giuseppe Mazzini, attempted to start a revolt against Neapolitan rule over the Reggio Calabria district of Italy, and were executed. His fears that his letters were being opened by the British police were confirmed on the floor of the Parliament when the government was forced to admit that it did indeed read private overseas letters. WHAT I’M WRITING IS TRUE BUT NEVER MIND YOU CAN ALWAYS LIE TO YOURSELF Giuseppe Mazzini “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project
The list of books you might like
