Judicial Administration and Space Management: A Guide for Architects, Court Administrators, and Planners

409 Pages·2001·1 MB·English

by  F. Michael Wong

Judicial Administration and Space Management
UWF UNIVERSITYPRESS
FSU FAMU UNF OF
ATS UF FLOR
TE UCF ADI
U USF
NIVERSITYSYSTEM FGCUFIFUAU
Florida A&M University, Tallahassee
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton
Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers
Florida International University, Miami
Florida State University, Tallahassee
University of Central Florida, Orlando
University of Florida, Gainesville
University of North Florida, Jacksonville
University of South Florida, Tampa
University of West Florida, Pensacola

Judicial Administration
and Space Management
A Guide for Architects, Court Administrators, and Planners
Edited by F. Michael Wong
University Press of Florida
Gainesville ·Tallahassee ·Tampa ·Boca Raton
Pensacola ·Orlando ·Miami ·Jacksonville ·Ft. Myers
Copyright 2001 by F. Michael Wong
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
All rights reserved
06 05 04 03 02 01 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Judicial administration and space management: a guide for architects,
court administrators, and planners / edited by F. Michael Wong.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-8130-1877-3 (alk. paper)
1. Court administration—United States. 2. Courthouses—Space
utilization—United States. I. Wong, F. Michael.
KF8732 .J83 2001
347.73'13—dc21 00-053661
The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency
for the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A & M
University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University,
Florida International University, Florida State University, University of
Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida,
University of South Florida, and University of West Florida.
University Press of Florida
15 Northwest 15th Street
Gainesville, FL 32611-2079
http://www.upf.com
This book is dedicated to my father, Andrew; to my late mother, Jean;
and to my professor and mentor, Professor Emeritus Henry J. Cowan,
of Sydney, Australia.

Contents
List of Figures and Tables xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxiii
Introduction 1
Wednesday, June 22, 2020 1
Space Management and Judicial Administration Integration 6
Project Planning and Implementation 15
1. Caseflow and Space Management 17
The Objective Is Justice 17
A Complex Interdependent Process 17
The Impact of Decentralization 22
Specialization Impact 23
Assignment of Judges to Specialized Areas 23
Assignment of Cases to Judges and Departments 23
Scheduling of Cases for Judicial Action 24
Information Support 25
Impact of Caseflow Management on Courtroom Assignment 26
Changes in Caseflow Management 31
Impact of Caseflow Management Changes on Trial Court Facilities 34
Judicial Facilities—Courtrooms and Judges’ Chambers 35
Direct Judicial Support Facilities 39
Indirect Judicial Support Facilities 43
Law Library Facilities 48
Shared Facilities 52
Settlement Conference Areas 53
Attorneys’ Conference and Witness Rooms 53
Shared Facilities for Support Agencies 54
Attorneys’ Lounge 55
Bailiff’s Facilities 56
Law Enforcement Facilities 57
Prisoner-Holding Facilities 58
Transportation of Prisoners 60
Videotape Recording Areas 61
Public Facilities 61
Courthouse Security 63
Accessibility Considerations 66
Courtrooms 67
Jury Assembly and Deliberation 67
Courthouse Holding Facilities 67
Restricted and Secure Entrances 68
Security Screening 68
Two-Way Communications Systems 68
Outlets for Communications Systems 68
Assistive Listening Systems 68
Rationale for Accessible Courtrooms 68
2. Court Personnel, Structure, and Space Management 70
Personnel Systems 70
Merit Systems 71
Patronage 71
Collective Bargaining 72
Legal Framework Relating to Court Personnel 72
Federal Requirements 72
Court Rules 73
Basic Court Structure—Appellate Courts 73
Personnel 73
Appellate Court Facilities 76
Facility Planning Considerations 79
Basic Court Structure—Trial Courts 81
Personnel 82
Trial Court Facilities 86
Personnel Management and Other Aspects of Court Administration 87
Trends Affecting Court Personnel 88
An Overview 88
Trial Court Consolidation 89
Impact on Court Personnel 90
Increase in Use of Hearing Officers (Parajudges) 91
Changes in Facility Configuration and Use and the Impact on Court
Personnel 92
Rural Trial Centers 92
Branch Courts 93
Neighborhood Courts and Dispute Resolution Centers 93
Transcript Preparation 94
Public Service Employees 95
The Prospect for Change 96
Funding 96
3. Jury and Space Management 98
Historical Perspectives 98
Legal Requirements of Jury Use 100
Component Areas of Jury Management 102
Problem Areas of Jury Management 106
Jury Selection and Clerk’s Office 113
Jury Assembly Facilities 115
Entrance Lobby 117
General Jury Assembly Area 117
Jury Impaneling Rooms 118
Jury Circulation within Courthouses 119
Jury Facilities in Trial Courtrooms 120
Jury Deliberation Suites 122
Jury Sequestration Facilities 123
4. Records Management and Space Management 125
Historical Perspective 125
The Present Role of Records in Courts 126
Factors Impacting Management 128
External Influences 128
Internal Influences 130
The Record Continuum and the Application of Technology 131
The Creation Stage 132
The Active-Use Stage 134
The Inactive-Storage Stage 142
The Retention-Destruction Stage 143
Impact of Records Management on Space Management 146
Printing and Storage of Forms 146
Active and Semiactive Case Records Storage 148
Inactive-Records Storage 151
The Records Study 152
Study Products 154
Facility Ramifications 155
The Integrated Records Center 155
Program 155
Storage Space 155
Storage Equipment 156
Records Management Personnel 156
Operating Expenses 158
Designing the Courts Records Center 158
Size and Type of Space 158
Location 158
Internal Design 159
Equipment 160
Security 161
Exhibits Storage 162
Receipt and Indexing 162
Secure Storage 162
Disposal 163
Trends in Records Management 164
Technological Application 164
Centralized Management 164
Facility Considerations 165
5. Court Technology and Space Management 167
Introduction 167
Characteristics of the Technology Environment 167
The Rapidity of Change 167
The Capability and Applicability of Technology 168
The Affordability of Technology 168
The Degree of Integration of Technology 168
Technology Groupings and Their Impact on Space Management 169
Core Data Configurations 169
Data Exchange 171
Data Retention 173
Technologies in the Courthouse 174
Automation 174
Technologies 176
Other Court Technologies 180
Security Planning 182
The Architectural Component 182
The Technological Component 183
The Operational Component 184
Separation of Circulation 185
Barrier-Free Access 185
Conclusion 188
6. Statewide Court Management Projects 189
Origin and Purposes of Comprehensive Statewide Court Studies 189
Court Planning as an Impetus to Studies 189
Court Reorganization as an Impetus to Studies 190
State Agency Impetus for Court Studies 190
Purposes of Comprehensive Court Studies 191