Judges and Adjudication in Constitutional Democracies: A View from Legal Realism PDF
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Law and Philosophy Library 135 Pierluigi Chiassoni Bojan Spaić Editors Judges and Adjudication in Constitutional Democracies: A View from Legal Realism Law and Philosophy Library Volume 135 SeriesEditors FranciscoJ.Laporta,AutonomousUniversityofMadrid,Madrid,Spain FrederickSchauer,UniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,VA,USA TorbenSpaak,StockholmUniversity,Stockholm,Sweden EditorialBoardMembers AulisAarnio,SecretaryGeneraloftheTampereClub,Tampere,Finland HumbertoÁvila,UniversityofSãoPaulo,SãoPaulo,Brazil ZenonBankowski,UniversityofEdinburgh,Edinburgh,UK PaoloComanducci,UniversityofGenoa,Genova,Italy HughCorder,UniversityofCapeTown,CapeTown,SouthAfrica DavidDyzenhaus,UniversityofToronto,Toronto,Canada ErnestoGarzónValdés,JohannesGutenbergUniversity,Mainz,Germany RiccaroGuastini,UniversityofGenoa,Genova,Italy HoHockLai,NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore,Singapore JohnKleinig,CityUniversityofNewYork,NewYorkCity,NY,USA ClaudioMichelon,UniversityofEdinburgh,Edinburgh,UK PatriciaMindus,UppsalaUniversity,Uppsala,Sweden YasutomoMorigiwa,MeijiUniversity,Tokyo,Japan GiovanniBattistaRatti,UniversityofGenoa,Genova,Italy WojchiechSadurski,UniversityofSydney,Sydney,Australia HoracioSpector,UniversityofSanDiego,SanDiego,USA MichelTroper,ParisNanterreUniversity,Nanterre,France CarlWellman,WashingtonUniversity,St.Louis,USA TheLawandPhilosophyLibrary,whichhasbeeninexistence since1985,aimsto publish cutting edge works in the philosophy of law, and has a special history of publishing books that focus on legal reasoning and argumentation,including those thatmayinvolvesomewhatformalmethodologies.Theserieshaspublishednumer- ous important books on law and logic, law and artificial intelligence, law and language, and law and rhetoric. While continuing to stress these areas, the series hasmorerecentlyexpandedtoincludebooksontheintersectionbetweenlawandthe Continental philosophical tradition, consistent with the traditional openness of the seriestobooksintheContinentaljurisprudentialtradition.Theseriesisproudofthe geographicdiversityofitsauthors,andmanyhavecomefromLatinAmerica,Spain, Italy,theNetherlands,Germany,andEasternEurope,aswell,moreobviouslyforan English-languageseries,fromtheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates,Australiaand Canada. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/6210 (cid:129) ć Pierluigi Chiassoni Bojan Spai Editors Judges and Adjudication in Constitutional Democracies: A View from Legal Realism Editors PierluigiChiassoni BojanSpaić UniversityofGenova UniversityofBelgrade Genova,Italy Belgrade,Serbia ISSN1572-4395 ISSN2215-0315 (electronic) LawandPhilosophyLibrary ISBN978-3-030-58185-5 ISBN978-3-030-58186-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58186-2 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PierluigiChiassoniandBojanSpaić TheRolesofJudgesinDemocracies:ARealisticView. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 BrianLeiter IsRealismatOddswithConstitutionalDemocracy?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 PierluigiChiassoni Onthe(Un)ChangingJudgeIconsandTheirCreators:OnDeborah, CokeandMontesquieu,PosnerandBarak,andSomeOthers. . . . . . . . 65 JasminkaHasanbegović AnExerciseinLegalRealism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 RiccardoGuastini ACausalViewofJudicialInterpretation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 MichelTroper Rule(s)ofRecognitionandCanonsofInterpretation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 LukaBurazinandGiovanniBattistaRatti LegalRealismandLegalDoctrine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 DanPriel EpistemicAuthorityandLegalInterpretation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 BojanSpaić v Editors and Contributors About the Editors Pierluigi Chiassoni is Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Genova School of Law and a permanent fellow of Tarello Institute for Legal Philosophy. Hisjurisprudentialinterestsspanfromeconomicanalysisoflawtolegalinterpreta- tion and human rights. His main publications include Positivismo giuridico. Una investigazione analitica (Mucchi Editore, 2013), Tecnica dell’interpretazione giuridica (il Mulino, 2007), El discreto placer del positivismo jurídico (Externado deColombia,2016),Latradiciónanalíticaenlafilosofiadelderecho.DeBenthama Kelsen (Palestra, 2017), Ensayos de metajurisprudencia analítica (Olejnik, 2017), andInterpretationWithoutTruth(Springer,2019). Bojan Spaić is AssistantProfessor of Jurisprudence at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law and Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow of the Institute for PublicLaw,ConstitutionalLawandLegalPhilosophyoftheUniversityofHeidel- berg. He has edited books in English and in Serbian including Jurisprudence and Political Philosophy in the 21st Century: Reassessing Legacies (with Miodrag Jovanović, published by Peter Lang, 2012), Fundamental Rights: Justification and Interpretation(withKennethEinarHimma,ElevenInternationalPublishing,2016), and Unpacking Normativity: Conceptual, Normative, and Descriptive Issues (with Kenneth Einar Himma and Miodrag Jovanović, Hart Publishing, 2018). He has published three books in Serbian and papers in Serbian and English regarding legalinterpretation,ontologicalandmethodologicalhermeneutics,andpragmatism. Contributors LukaBurazin UniversityofZagreb,Zagreb,Croatia PierluigiChiassoni UniversityofGenova,Genova,Italy vii viii EditorsandContributors Riccardo Guastini University of Genova, Tarello Institute for Legal Philosophy, Genova,Italy JasminkaHasanbegović UniversityofBelgradeFacultyofLaw,Belgrade,Serbia Brian Leiter Karl N. Llewellyn Professor of Jurisprudence and Director of the Center for Law, Philosophy and Human Values, The University of Chicago Law School,Chicago,IL,USA DanPriel YorkUniversityOsgoodeHallLawSchool,Toronto,ON,Canada GiovanniBattistaRatti UniversityofGenoa,Genova,Italy BojanSpaić UniversityofBelgrade,Belgrade,Serbia MichelTroper UniversityParisNanterre,Nanterre,France Introduction PierluigiChiassoniandBojanSpaić Inthelastcoupleofdecades,threetopicshavegainedprominenceintheprovinceof jurisprudential inquiries: (1) legal interpretation; (2) legal realism; (3) the role of judgesincontemporaryconstitutionaldemocracies. The first topic, legal interpretation, has been investigated both in general, and with particular attention being paid to judicial interpretation. The interest for the subjecthasbeenspurredbytheoreticalandpracticalpurposesalike.Onthetheoret- ical side, legal interpretation (mostly in the judicial and juristic varieties) has been investigatedinordertobringtotheforeitsnature,purpose,andtools,alsobytaking stock of philosophy of language and theories of meaning.1 On the practical side, judicialandjuristicinterpretationhasbeeninvestigatedasthesubjectwherenorma- tive outlooks compete for providing judges and jurists with “the proper theory of interpretation”.Herethepointwasnotunderstandingwhatlegalinterpretationis;it was, rather, suggesting how it should be performed (to which goals, by which means),inorderforittobe“legallycorrect”.2 The second topic, legal realism, hasbeen the subject ofa widespread revivalof interest. Thiswas due toa combination ofthree jurisprudential concerns.First,the need both to achieve a thorough and deep understanding of the realist legacy (American Legal Realism, Scandinavian Legal Realism, Italian Legal Realism, French Legal Realism), outside of any stereotyped or self-serving picture, and to 1See,e.g.,Guastini(2011a,b,c),Marmor(2014)andChiassoni(2019). 2See,e.g.,Scalia(1997). P.Chiassoni(*) UniversityofGenova,Genova,Italy e-mail:[email protected] B.Spaić(*) UniversityofBelgrade,Belgrade,Serbia e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021 1 P.Chiassoni,B.Spaić(eds.),JudgesandAdjudicationinConstitutional Democracies:AViewfromLegalRealism,LawandPhilosophyLibrary135, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58186-2_1 2 P.ChiassoniandB.Spaić cast light upon the import of such a legacy to present theoretical and practical purposes.3 Second, the need to explore in a dispassionate way the relationships betweenlegalrealismandlegalpositivism—theneed,ifyoulike,tosolvethelegal realism/legal positivism riddle.4 Third, the need to establish a new theoretical paradigm(the“NewLegalRealism”),takingstockofOldRealism’skeenonsocial sciences.5 Finally, the third topic, i.e., the role of judges in constitutional democracy, has becomeahotlydebatedissue,surelyasaneffectoftheideologicalwarfarelaunched in American jurisprudence against “judicial activism”, but also due to the general interest—for jurists and citizens at large—in establishing the “proper” powers and limits of adjudication and judicial review in a constitutional and democratic state: i.e., those powers and limits that would grant full legitimacy to the judiciary as a separatefunctionofgovernment.6 The three strands of inquiry—legal interpretation, legal realism, and the role of the judiciary in constitutional democracies—are obviously intertwined. They are seldombroughttogetherinasystematicway,though.Thepresentvolumepurports to fill that gap. By collecting the contributions of scholars from different legal and philosophicalbackgrounds,thevolumepurportstodealwithjudicialinterpretation andtherole(s)ofjudgesincontemporarydemocraciesfromthestandpointoflegal realismasarevisitedandsophisticatedjurisprudentialoutlook. Theissuesaddressedinthevolumeincludedeterminingtheideasmakingupthe coreoflegalrealism,exploringtherelationoflegalrealismtolegalpositivism(inthe conventionalist, Hartian, variety), investigating the effective and desirable role of judges in contemporary constitutional democracies, identifying the boundaries of judicialinterpretationastheyappearfromarealiststandpoint,aswellasconsidering someskepticaloutlooksontheverypositionsofcontemporarylegalrealism. In the essay “The Roles of Judges in Democracies: A Realistic View”, Brian Leiterprovidesarealistaccountofdemocracyandarealistaccountofthe“obliga- tions” of the judges working therein. This allows him to proceed to answering the mainquestionbygeneralizingabouttheinfluenceofactualfunctioningdemocracies onjudgesandadjudication.Inasituationinwhichinterpretativepracticesinevery legalsystemgivejudges broaddiscretionininterpretation andadjudication,andin 3Onlegalrealismingeneral,see,e.g.,Guastini(2011a,b,c)andHanoch(2017).OnAmericanlegal realism, see,e.g.: Leiter (2007)and Hanoch (2013).Themajor strand of Italian legal realism is represented by Genoese legal realism. Genoese legal realism originated in the investigations of Giovanni Tarello (1934–1987), as a development of ideas from American and Scandinavian Realism,combinedwithagenerousdoseofanalyticphilosophy(see,e.g.,Giovanni1962,1974, 1980),andhasitspresentmostauthoritativecontributionsintheworksofRiccardoGuastini(see., e.g.,Guastini1993,2004,2011a,b,c).OnGenoeselegalrealism,see,e.g.,Chiassoni(1999)and FerrerandRatti(2011).FrenchlegalrealismhasitsforefrontcontributionsintheworksofMichel Troper:see,e.g.,Troper(2001,2007,2011). 4See,e.g.,Leiter(2019). 5See,e.g.:Merzetal.(2016a,b)andKlugandMerry(2016). 6See,e.g.,Barak(2008)andFerrajoli(2017).
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