Journey: An Illustrated History of Travel

442 Pages·2017·245.43 MB·English

by  DK

JOURNEY
AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF TRAVEL
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J O URN E Y
A N I L L U S T R AT E D H I S T O R Y O F T R AV E L
Foreword Michael Collins
Contributors Simon Adams, R.G. Grant, Andrew Humphreys
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DK LONDON
Senior Editor Angela Wilkes
Senior Art Editor Gadi Farfour
Editors Andy Szudek, Kate Taylor, Anna Fischel
US Editor Karyn Gerhard
Designers Vanessa Hamilton, Renata Latipova, Nicola Rodway
Picture Researcher Sarah Smithies
Managing Editor Gareth Jones
Senior Managing Art Editor Lee Griffiths
Producer, Pre-Production Gillian Reid
Senior Producer Mandy Inness
Jacket Designer Surabhi Wadhwa
Design Development Manager Sophia M.T.T.
Jacket Editor Claire Gell
Associate Publishing Director Liz Wheeler
Art Director Karen Self
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
DK DELHI
Senior Art Editor Ira Sharma
Art Editors Vikas Sachdeva, Roshni Kapur
Editors Antara Moitra, Madhurika Bhardwaj
Managing Editor Soma B. Chowdhury
Managing Art Editor Arunesh Talapatra
Cartography Coordinator Rajesh Kumar Mishra CONTENTS
Cartography Manager Suresh Kumar
Picture Researcher Aditya Katyal
Picture Research Manager Taiyaba Khatoon
Senior DTP Designer Harish Aggarwal
DTP Designers Rajesh Singh Adhikari, Syed Md Farhan, Pawan Kumar
Production Manager Pankaj Sharma
Pre-production Manager Balwant Singh
Jacket Designers Suhita Dharamjit, Tanya Mehrotra
Managing Jackets Editor Saloni Singh 1
28 Persian couriers
30 The Greek world
SMITHSONIAN 34 The travels of Odysseus
Established in 1846, the Smithsonian—the world’s largest museum and research complex—
includes 19 museums and galleries and the National Zoological Park. The total number of
artifacts, works of art, and specimens in the Smithsonian’s collections is estimated at 154 36 Alexander the Great
THE ANCIENT
million, much of which is contained in the National Museum of Natural History, which holds
more than 126 million specimens and objects. The Smithsonian is a renowned research
38 The travels of Zhang Qian
center, dedicated to public education, national service, and scholarship in the WORLD
arts, sciences, and history.
40 Across the Alps
SMITHSONIAN CURATOR
14 Introduction
Dr. F. Robert van der Linden, Curator of Air Transportation and Special Purpose Aircraft,
National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian 42 Strabo
16 Journeys from the cradle
SMITHSONIAN ENTERPRISES
44 The Roman Empire
Product Development Manager Kealy E. Gordon
Licensing Manager Ellen Nanney 18 Minoan seafarers
Vice President, Education 48 The Tabula Peutingeriana
and Consumer Projects Brigid Ferraro 20 Travel in ancient Egypt
Senior Vice President, Education
and Consumer Projects Carol LeBlanc 50 The Periplus of the
President Christopher Liedel 22 The expedition to Punt Erythraean Sea
First American Edition, 2017 24 Polynesian navigators 52 Ptolemy’s Geographia
Publlished in the United States by DK Publishing
345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
26 Around Africa
Copyright © 2017 Dorling Kindersley Limited
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC
17 18 19 20 21 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–300214–Oct/2017
All rights reserved.
Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), EDITORIAL CONSULTANT
without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner. and the above
publisher of this book. Michael Collins is a native of Dublin, Ireland. He has written several
books with DK and publishes articles about his travels, which have a
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kinderley Limited.
focus on archeology, ancient cultures, and civilizations. Journey
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. is based on an original idea by Father Michael about the history of travel.
ISBN: 978-1-4654-6414-9
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions,
premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special
Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 or [email protected] LEAD CONTRIBUTOR
Andrew Humphreys is a journalist, author, and travel writer, who has
Printed and bound in China
written or co-written more than 35 books for DK, Lonely Planet, National
A WORLD OF IDEAS: Geographic, and Time Out. His journalism often involves travel with a
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW historical focus and has appeared in The Financial Times, The Telegraph,
and Condé Nast Traveler. He is the author of two books on the golden age
www.dk.com of travel in Egypt. He wrote Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 of Journey.
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80 Medieval pilgrimages 126 Discovery of the Amazon
84 Medieval travel accounts 128 The Columbian Exchange
86 The Silk Road 130 New France
88 The travels of Marco Polo 134 Samuel de Champlain
TRADE AND THE AGE OF
90 On wheels 136 Early missionaries
CONQUEST DISCOVERY
92 Caravansary 138 The Northwest Passage
56 Introduction 102 Introduction
94 Trans-Saharan salt caravans
58 Xuanzang’s journey to India 104 Zheng He
96 Ibn Battuta
60 Journey to the West 106 Ships
98 Medieval maps
62 Kingdom of Heaven 108 Around Africa to India
64 The spread of Islam 110 A new world
66 Arab exploration 114 After Columbus
68 The astrolabe 116 First map of the New World
70 Voyages of the Vikings 118 Circumnavigating the globe
74 The Crusades 122 Cortés and the conquest
of the Aztecs
78 Prester John
124 Pizarro’s conquest of Peru
CONTRIBUTORS
Simon Adams worked as an editor of children’s reference books before
becoming a full-time writer 25 years ago. Since then, he has written and
contributed to more than 60 books, specializing in history, travel, and
exploration. A keen jazz fan, he now lives and works in Brighton. He
contributed to Chapters 1 and 2 of Journey.
R.G. Grant has written extensively on history, military history, current
affairs, and biography. His publications include Flight: 100 Years of Aviation,
A Visual History of Britain, and World War I: The Definitive Visual Guide. He
was the consulting editor on DK’s The History Book, which was published
in 2016. He contributed to Chapters 1, 2, and 3 of Journey.
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164 The stagecoach 210 Shooting the world
166 The frozen east 212 Into Africa
168 The Great Northern 216 The Railway Age
Expedition
218 Trains
THE AGE OF 170 Calculating longitude THE AGE OF
220 The Gold Rush
EMPIRES 172 The voyages of Captain STEAM
Cook 222 Thomas Cook
142 Introduction 190 Introduction
176 The new naturalists 224 Spas
144 The spice trade 192 Alexander von Humboldt
178 Artist in the rainforest 226 Going by the book
146 Wonder cabinets 194 Rediscovering Egypt
180 The Grand Tour 228 Souvenirs
148 New Holland 196 Painting the East
184 First flight 230 The works of all nations
150 Settling America 198 Charting the American
186 Bound for Botany Bay West 232 Across Australia
154 Evliya Çelebi
200 Go west, young man! 234 Charting the Mekong
156 Coffee
202 Full steam ahead 236 Ocean to ocean
158 Slave ships in the Atlantic
204 The Romantics 238 The grand hotel
160 A life of piracy
206 The voyages of the Beagle 240 Luggage labels
162 Travels in the Mughal
Empire 208 Travelers’ tales 242 Measuring India
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244 The early alpinists 266 Far-flung railways 300 The airline of empire 322 The roof of the world
246 Creating the national parks 270 The American Dream 302 Travel posters 324 The open road
248 Around the world 274 Splendor at sea 304 The Long March 326 Route 66
250 Mapping the oceans 276 The elusive North Pole 328 No-frills flying
7
252 Fantastic voyages 278 Claiming the South Pole 330 Into the abyss
280 Roald Amundsen 332 Flight to the Moon
6
282 The Model T 334 The Hippie Trail
284 The discovery of Machu THE AGE OF 336 Concorde
Picchu
FLIGHT 338 New horizons
286 Taking flight
THE GOLDEN 308 Introduction 340 Exploration in our time
288 Adventurers of the skies
AGE OF TRAVEL 310 The great displacement 342 New frontiers
290 Travels in Arabia
256 Introduction 312 The Windrush
292 The sunseekers 345 Biographies
258 Central Asia 314 The Kon-Tiki expedition
294 Beyond Baedecker 384 Journeys
260 On skis across Greenland 316 Wilfred Thesiger
296 Roy Chapman Andrews 424 Index
262 The bicycle craze 318 The jet age
298 Zeppelin fever 437 Picture credits and
264 Escape to the open air 320 Planes acknowledgments
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Foreword
“ Those who sail close to the shore never discover The most significant inventions in antiquity
new lands.” A young American student, full of were the sail, which transformed rafts into boats,
youthful enthusiasm, said this to me while I was and the wheel, which made it possible for our
teaching archeology at the American University ancestors to travel wide distances. Humans
of Rome. I thought how well the words, adapted also learned to harness animals to pull chariots
from a 1925 novel by French writer André Gide, and coaches. The Ancient Romans developed a
summed up the human desire to travel. highway system that linked their ever-expanding
For some 60,000 years, humans have explored empire. The Ancient Greeks, meanwhile, devised
the world, out of necessity and curiosity. Our a complex astrolabe to chart the seas using the
ancestors, who first lived in caves and makeshift stars and planets, and a system of longitude and
shelters, hunted and foraged. The rivers were both latitude, enabling sailors to undertake lengthy
a source of food and also a means of transport. voyages. Despite these astronomical advances,
As humans began to herd animals, they needed for centuries mariners believed the Earth was flat,
to travel for pasture. So began the fascinating story but still sailed the oceans. They were aware of the
of humanity’s journey, filled with light and shade. dangers of their missions but resolutely continued
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