Journal of the IEST 2001: Vol 44 Index

3 Pages·2001·1.3 MB·English

2001 Index of Articles
Volume XLIV
Journal of the IEST
SUBJECT INDEX AUTHOR INDEX
CONTAMINATION CONTROL (CC)
Berman, Morris, Inadequacies in Uniaxial Stress Screen Vibra-
Cleanroom Apparel/Garments tion Testing, V. 44, No. 4, p. 20. Validating the design and reliabil-
Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Helmke ity of equipment prior to fielding is a critical step in the materiel
Drum Test Method, Jenni M. Elion, David S. Ensor, Chuck development and manufacturing process. Success requires that the
Berndt, Mike Bovino, Roger Diener, Gordon Ely, Jan Eudy, new equipment undergo and survive testing. Stress screen vibra-
Robert Giroux, Mike Rataj, and Jean Witt, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. tion testing determines the equipment’s design capability. Tradi-
Measuring the Electrical Properties of Cleanroom Gloves, Cari E. tionally, stress screen vibration tests have been conducted by se-
Newberg, V. 44, No. 3, p. 35. quentially applving uniaxial excitation to test articles along three
orthogonal axes. Simultaneous multiaxial excitation is an advanced
The Size Distribution of Particles Released by Garments During
method of vibration testing with the goal of more closely approxi-
Helmke Drum Tests, David S. Ensor; Jenni M. Elion, and Jan
mating real-world operating conditions. Multiaxial testing achieves
Eudy, V. 44, No. 4, p. 24.
the synergistic effect of exciting all modes simultaneously and in-
Cleanroom Design/Materials duces a more realistic vibrational stress loading condition. This
Evaluation of Outgassing Compounds from Cleanroom Construc- research begins an effort to explore the difference in predicting
tion Materials, Kikuo Takeda, Ai Mochizuki, Tatsuo Nonaka, fatigue failure between sequentially applied uniaxial and simulta-
Ikuko Matsumoto, Taketoshi Fujimoto, Taketoshi Nakahara, V. neous triaxial tests. The research plan starts with simple cantile-
44, No. 1, p. 28. ver beam structures. Once initial results are complete, more com-
plex and typical components in actual vehicles will be tested. This
Time Variations of Organic Compound Concentrations in a Newly
paper provides results that reveal inadequacies in traditional
Constructed Cleanroom, Chivo Inoue, Naoya Mizuno, Satoshi
uniaxial test methods. It is shown that the order in which orthogo-
Ogura, Yuichiro Hanayama, Shinji Hattori, Katsuyoshi Endo,
nal uniaxial excitation is applied has a significant effect on fatigue
Kiyoshi Yasutake, Mizuho Morita, Yuzo Mori, V. 44, No. 2, p.
ZS. failure. (DTE: Vibration Testing.)
Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics Applications in Cleanroom Berndt, Chuck, Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility
of the Helmke Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. The Helmke
Design, Ting-Kwo George Lei, V. 44, No. 2, p. 30.
Drum test method, described in IEST-RP-CC003.2, is used to mea-
Electrostatic Discharge sure particle release greater than 0.5 micrometers (um) from clean-
Measuring the Electrical Properties of Cleanroom Gloves, Car E. room garments. During the current effort to revise IEST-RP-
Newberg, V. 44, No. 3, p. 35. CC003.2, it became clear that the method as currently written re-
quired revision. Under Description of Test Limitations, the current
DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION method mentions a 1991 interlaboratory comparison (ILC). How-
ever, results from that ILC were too variable to allow meaningful
Design/Validation
interpretation. A cursory look at the results from this 1991 ILC
Design and Validation of the University of Naples Space Magnetic
suggested that a re-evaluation of the data using the statistical analy-
Field Simulator (SMAFIS), M. Pastena, L. Sorrentino, and M.
sis outlined in ASTM E691 might yield new insights. The Helmke
Grassi, V. 44, No. 1, p. 33.
Drum subcommittee of IEST Working Group 003 proposed several
Preliminary Design Procedures for Equipment Exposed to Ran- changes to the method and a second ILC was conducted in 2001,
dom Vibration Environments, Allan G. Piersol, V. 44, No. 1, p. in which six participating laboratories tested garments per the re-
23. vised method. A comparison oft he statistical analysis of the 2001
results with the statistical analysis of the 1991 ILC shows the re-
Acoustics
vised method yields more repeatable and more reproducible re-
High-Intensity Acoustics Simulated by a Shaker, Jason Tolomeo
sults. The proposed revisions to the method are expected to be
and Y. Albert Lee, V. 44, No. 2, p. 19.
adopted by the LEST Working Group and incorporated into the re-
Vibration Testing write of the Recommended Practice. (CC: Cleanroom Apparel
Inadequacies in Uniaxial Stress Screen Vibration Testing, Wayne Garments.)
E. Whiteman and Morris Berman, V. 44, No. 4, p. 20. Bovino, Mike, Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility
Revision Highlights of the New MIL-STD-810F, Test Method Stan- of the Helmke Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. (Abstract
dard for Environmental Engineering Considerations and Labo- see Berndt, Chuck.)
ratory Tests, Hank Caruso, V. 44, No. 3, p. 30. Caruso, Hank, Revision Highlights of the New M/L-STD-810F,
Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering Consider-
PRODUCT RELIABILITY ations and Laboratory Tests, V. 44, No. 3, p. 30. This paper high-
Evaluating the Ability of Materiel to Meet Extended Life Require- lights the significant changes introduced with the F-revision of MIL-
ments, Randy Patrick, Steve Tanner, and Mike Neale. V. 44, STD-810 Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering
No. 3, p. 23. Considerations and Laboratory Tests. The major emphasis on test
FALL 2001 33
tailoring presented in Part One of the document is described. Sig- Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Helmke
nificant features of each test method in Part Two are briefly sum- Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. (Abstract—see Berndt,
marized. Detailed discussions of each test method are beyond the Chuck.)
scope of this document. (DTE: Vibration Testing) Eudy, Jan, The Size Distribution of Particles Released by Gar-
Diener, Roger, Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility ments During Helmke Drum Tests. (Abstract—see Elion, Jenni M.)
of the Helmke Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. (Abstract— Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Helmke
see Berndt, Chuck.) Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. (Abstract—see Berndt,
Elion, Jenni M., The Size Distribution of Particles Released by Chuck.)
Garments During Helmke Drum Tests, V. 44, No. 4, p. 24. The Fujimoto, Taketoshi, Evaluation of Outgassing Compounds from
Helmke Drum test method to measure particles shed from garments Cleanroom Construction Materials, Found in: V. 44, No. 1, p. 28.
was developed twenty years ago. It consists of a tumbling drum The control of organic outgassing from cleanroom construction
containing the garment under test. A probe connected to an opti- materials is becoming stricter, as semiconductor device geometries
cal particle counter is used to transport the sample from the drum. continue to shrink. In this article, a dynamic headspace sampling
Dilution air is drawn into the drum from the surrounding clean- technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
room. The optical particle counters at the time of development were
(GC-MS) was studied for evaluating cleanroom construction ma-
limited in resolution to 0.5 um diameter. This particle size require- terials. With this method, the outgassing amount increases linearly
ment is still in the current version of 1EST-RP-CC003.2 Garment with increasing sampling time. The outgassing rate is determined
Systems Considerations for Cleanrooms and Other Controlled En- from the slope of this curve. The logarithm of the outgassing rate
vironments. A question was raised in the current IEST Contamina- shows a linear relation with a reciprocal number of the absolute
tion Control Working Group 003, “Garment System Considerations temperature of outgassing. By using this relationship, the outgas-
for Cleanrooms and Other Controlled Environments,” as to whether sing rate of materials at temperatures of interest can be estimated
the method could be extended to smaller particle diameters. The from the available data. (CC: Cleanroom Design/Materials)
method would benefit by including measurements of smaller par-
Giroux, Robert, Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility
ticle diameters for two reasons: the higher particle counts expected
for sub-0.5 um particles might improve the statistics of the method; of the Helmke Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. (Abstract—
see Berndt, Chuck.)
and there is a growing need to consider contamination by ultra-
fine particles during the manufacture of high performance prod- Grassi, M., Design and Validation of the University of Naples
ucts. We hypothesized that the size distribution of particles released Space Magnetic Field Simulator (SMAFIS), Found in: V. 44, No.
by garments follows a power law similar to that for cleanroom 1, p. 33. This paper discusses the design and validation of the space
classes. The form of the power law distribution is N(d) = Ad“ , magnetic field simulator at the University of Naples. The simula-
where N(d) is the cumulative concentration greater to or equal to tor is designed to reproduce, with a predetermined uniformity, the
d, d is the particle diameter, and A and B are statistically deter- magnetic field vector as sensed by an orbiting satellite in an as-
mined coefficients. The size distributions from a number of Helmke signed volume about the simulator 5 geometrical center. The simu-
Drum tests were analyzed and were found to be highly correlated lator will be used primarilfyo r ground testing the magnetic atti-
to the power law equation. However, the slopes appeared to vary tude control subsystem onboard the university microsatellite SMART.
depending on the type of garment tested. These results support in- The paper describes the criteria as well as the mathematical model
cluding guidance with respect to particle size in the Helmke Drum used for the simulator design. The design aims mainly at develop-
test section in the upcoming revision of IEST-RP-CC003.2. (CC: ing a simulator configuration that maximizes the volume in which
Cleanroom Garments/Apparel) the desired magnetic field vector is realized with a predetermined
uniformity with respect to a nominal field. The simulator is config-
Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Helmke
ured as an open-loop system, in which fixed currents are used to
Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. (Abstract—see Berndt,
nullify the local magnetic field. Precision currents are then added
Chuck.)
to the fixed ones to accurately reproduce, in the test volume, the
Ely, Gordon, Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility of in-orbit magnetic field vector variation. Results of the simulator
the Helmke Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. (Abstract—see
validation tests are presented. (DTE: Design and Validation)
Berndt, Chuck.)
Hanayama, Yuichiro, Time Variations of Organic Compound Con-
Endo, Katsuyoshi, Time Variations of Organic Compound Con- centrations in a Newly Constructed Cleanroom, V. 44, No. 2, p.
centrations in a Newly Constructed Cleanroom, V. 44, No. 2, p. 23. (Abstract—see Endo, Katsuyoshi.)
23. The concentration of organic compounds in a newly constructed
Hattori, Shinji, Time Variations of Organic Compound Concen-
cleanroom has been measured as a function of time after comple-
trations in a Newly Constructed Cleanroom, V. 44, No. 2, p. 23.
tion of the interior finish work. To identify the origin of organic
contamination in the cleanroom, outgassing tests of each construc- (Abstract—see Endo, Katsuyoshi.)
tion material were performed. The concentration of organic com- Inoue, Chiyo, Time Variations of Organic Compound Concentra-
pounds in the cleanroom decreased rapidly during the first month tions in a Newly Constructed Cleanroom, V. 44, No. 2, p. 23. (Ab-
after completing the interior finish work, and decreased gradually stract—see Endo, Katsuyoshi.)
to a constant level after about four months. A primary source of Lee, Y. Albert, High-Intensity Acoustics Simulated by a Shaker,
the organic contamination was identified as 2-ethyl-1-hexanol gen- V. 44, No. 2, p. 19. Designing an appropriate shaker random vi-
erated from the plasticizer used for vinyl curtains and floor mate- bration test to accurately simulate a high-intensity acoustic envi-
rials. The concentration of organic compounds in the cleanroom ronment is complicated by the fundamental differences in the na-
can be estimated by using the outgassing rates of the compounds ture of acoustic excitation and baseshake input, as well as test fix-
from each construction material and its area. (CC: Cleanroom ture and boundary condition differences. A coupon random vibra-
Design/Materials) tion test of as pacecraft panel with an imbedded heat-pipe compo-
Ensor, David S., The Size Distribution of Particles Released by nent was performed to simulate the expected acoustic environment
Garments During Helmke Drum Tests, V. 44, No. 4, p. 24. (Ab- at liftoffand flight. Analytical predictions of the acoustic response
stract—see Elion, Jenni M.) of the full panel were made and then compared with predictions of
the baseshake response of the coupon configuration at specific lo-
JOURNAL OF THE IEST
cations. An appropriate shaping profile was then designefdor the Newberg, Carl E., Measuring the Electrical Properties of Clean-
random vibration test. The resulting responses produced by the room Gloves, V. 44, No. 3, p. 35. This article outlines various meth-
random vibration test were found to be a good representation of ods used to characterize the electrical properties of cleanroom
the acoustic responses in both overall response levels and power gloves used in electrostatic discharge-protected areas. A review of
spectral densities. (DTE: Acoustics) the currently used test methods and specifications is included, along
Lei, Ting-Kwo George, Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics with a discussion of the many problems and pitfalls associated with
Applications in Cleanroom Design, Found in: V. 44, No. 2, p. 30.4 the interpretation and application of those test methods and stan-
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial program was dards. (CC: Cleanroom Apparel/Garments; Electrostatic Discharge)
used to assist in the design of aC lass 1 cleanroom. Two cases were Nonaka, Tatsuo, Evaluation of Outgassing Compounds from
studied. The first case included the design of a modular plenum Cleanroom Construction Materials, V. 44, No. 1, p. 28. (Abstract—
system. The impact of the size of each plenum module on the modu- see Fujimoto, Taketoshi.)
lar plenum system performance was studied. A 33-percent less pres- Ogura, Satoshi, Time Variations of Organic Compound Concen-
sure drop was achieved when a regularly designed modular ple- trations in a Newly Constructed Cleanroom, V. 44, No. 2, p. 23.
num system was carefully redesigned. The second case studied the (Abstract—see Endo, Katsuyoshi.)
impact of tool geometry and location on the flow patterns and con-
Pastena, M., Design and Validation of the University of Naples
tamination control in a cleanroom. A platform was placed in the
Space Magnetic Field Simulator (SMAFIS), Found in: V. 44, No.
cleanroom, and flow simulations by the CFD program were per-
1, p. 33. (Abstract—see Grassi, M.)
formed. Flow laminarity in the cleanroom was investigatefdo r two
designs. These are primarily the same except that one has the plat- Patrick, Randy, Evaluating the Ability of Materiel to Meet Ex-
form located so it is in direct contact with the cleanroom wall and tended Life Requirements, V. 44, No. 3, p. 23. (Abstract—see
the other has the platform 30.5 cm (12 in.) away from the clean- Neale, Mike.)
room wall. It was observed that the design with a gap between the Piersol, Allan G., Preliminary Design Procedures for Equipment
platform and the cleanroom wall significantly reduced the air tur- Exposed to Random Vibration Environments, V. 44, No. 1, p. 23.4
bulence above the platform compared with the design with no gap. new NASA Handbook presents recommended procedures for the
A platform made of 55-percent perforated plates was shown to be preliminary and final design of equipment items exposed to vari-
highly efficient in reducing the air turbulence both above and be- ous dynamic loads, including random vibration excitations. For
low the platform in both designs. (CC: Cleanroom Design/Materi- the final design when the geometric details of the equipment items
als) have been largely determined, finite element method (FEM) and
Matsumoto, Ikuko, Evaluation of Outgassing Compounds from statistical energy analysis (SEA) procedures can be employed to
Cleanroom Construction Materials, V. 44, No. 1, p. 28. (Abstract— predict the maximum Stresses in equipment items due to random
see Fujimoto, Taketoshi.) vibration excitations at their mounting points. In the preliminary
design phase, however, more approximate prediction techniques
Mizuno, Naoya, Time Variations of Organic Compound Concen-
are often needed, as summarized in the Handbook. The purpose of
trations in a Newly Constructed Cleanroom, V. 44, No. 2, p. 23.
this paper is to detail the rationale behind these preliminary pro-
(Abstract—see Endo, Katsuyoshi.)
cedures. Included are simple techniques to predict a maximum in-
Mochizuki, Ai, Evaluation of Outgassing Compounds from Clean- stantaneous stress during a short duration vibration environment
room Construction Materials, V. 44, No. 1, p. 28. (Abstract—see and fatigue damage during a long-duration vibration environment,
Fujimoto, Taketoshi.) based only upon estimatefso r the frequency and damping ratio of
Mori, Yuzo, Time Variations of Organic Compound Concentra- the first significant resonance of the equipment. (DTE: Design and
tions in a Newly Constructed Cleanroom, V. 44, No. 2, p. 23. (Ab- Validation)
stract—see Endo, Katsuyoshi.) Rataj, Mike, Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility of
Morita, Mizuho, Time Variations of Organic Compound Concen- the Helmke Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. (Abstract—see
trations in a Newly Constructed Cleanroom, V. 44, No. 2, p. 23. Berndt, Chuck.)
(Abstract—see Endo, Katsuyoshi.) Sorrentino, L., Design and Validation of the University of Naples
Nakahara, Taketoshi, Evaluation of Outgassing Compounds from Space Magnetic Field Simulator (SMAFIS), Found in: V. 44, No.
Cleanroom Construction Materials, V. 44, No. 1, p. 28. (Abstract— 1, p. 33. (Abstract—see Grassi, M.).
see Fujimoto, Taketoshi.) Takeda, Kikuo, Evaluation of Outgassing Compounds from Clean-
Neale, Mike, Evaluating the Ability of Materiel to Meet Extended room Construction Materials, V. 44, No. 1, p. 28. (Abstract—see
Life Requirements, V. 44, No. 3, p. 23. A methodology is proposed Fujimoto, Taketoshi.)
to address the requirement for extension of the service life of com- Tanner, Steve, Evaluating the Ability of Materiel to Meet Extended
mercial or military equipment beyond the duration defined in the Life Requirements, V. 44, No. 3, p. 23. (Abstract—see Neale,
original equipment design, or Life Cycle Environmental Profile Mike.)
(LCEP) definition. The life extension evaluation process is based
Tolomeo, Jason, High-Intensity Acoustics Simulated by a Shaker,
on the recently published NATO Standardization Agreement
V. 44, No. 2, p. 19. (Abstract—see Lee, Y. Albert)
(STANAG), STANAG 4570 Edition 1, Evaluating The Ability of
Materiel To Meet Extended Life Requirements. Equipment systems Whiteman, Wayne E., Inadequacies in Uniaxial Stress Screen Vi-
are often too complex to easily determine the success of a life ex- bration Testing, V. 44, No. 4, p. 20. (Abstract—see Berman, Mor-
tension program. The methodology provides a structured and eco- ris.)
nomical procedure to promote conformity and documentation of Witt, Jean, Improving the Repeatability and Reproducibility of
life extension requirements. Evaluation of the original and pro- the Helmke Drum Test Method, V. 44, No. 4, p. 28. (Abstract—see
posed LCEP, current equipment service environment, and poten- Berndt, Chuck.)
tial failure modes focus the evaluation on critical aspects. The
Yasutake, Kiyoshi, Time Variations of Organic Compound Con-
application of environmental testing and analytical methods then
centrations in a Newly Constructed Cleanroom, V. 44, No. 2, p.-
provides a reliable procedurfeo r evaluation of the life extension
23. (Abstract—see Endo, Katsuyoshi.) &
program. (PR)
FALL 2001