JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS formerly SURGERY, Gynecology & Obstetrics Editor: SAMUEL A. WELLS, JR, St. Louis Associate Editors MURRAY F. BRENNAN, New York M. JUDAH FOLKMAN, Boston SEYMOUR I. SCHWARTZ, Rochester, NY G. PATRICK CLAGETT, Dallas SUSAN E. MACKINNON, St. Louis THOMAS E. STARZL, Pittsburgh TOM R. DeMEESTER, Los Angeles W. SCOTT McDOUGAL, Boston JAMES C. THOMPSON, Galveston JOSEF E. FISCHER, Cincinnati MICHAEL G. SARR, Rochester, MN DONALD D. TRUNKEY, Portland Editorial Board NAJI N. ABUMRAD, Stony Brook ROBERT H. DEMLING, Boston G. ALEXANDER PATTERSON, St. Louis N. SCOTT ADZICK, Philadelphia ARNOLD G. DIETHELM, Birmingham JOHN H. PEMBERTON, Rochester, MN KATHRYN D. ANDERSON, Los Angeles PATRICIA K. DONAHOE, Boston D. GLENN PENNINGTON, Winston-Salem MICHAEL APPLEBERG, Sydney TIMOTHY J. EBERLEIN, Boston WALLACE P. RITCHIE, JR, Philadelphia NANCY L. ASCHER, San Francisco J. ROLAND FOLSE, Springfield JACK A. ROTH, Houston CLYDE F. BARKER, Philadelphia GEORGE A. GATES, Seattle KENJI SAKURAI, Tokyo ROBERT W. BEART, JR, Los Angeles LAZAR J. GREENFIELD, Ann Arbor GEORGE F. SHELDON, Chapel Hill TIMOTHY R. BILLIAR, Pittsburgh BERTIL HAMBERGER, Stockholm M. BRUCE SHIELDS, Durham EDWARD L. BOVE, Ann Arbor DAVID G. HANSON, Chicago RICHARD L. SIMMONS, Pittsburgh DAVID C. BREWSTER, Boston CHRISTIAN H. HERFARTH, Heidelburg HANS W. SOLLINGER, Madison TIMOTHY G. BUCHMAN, St. Louis DAVID N. HERNDON, Galveston NATHANIEL J. SOPER, St. Louis JOHN L. CAMERON, Baltimore JULIAN T. HOFF, Ann Arbor WILEY W. SOUBA, Boston ALAIN CARPENTIER, Paris SUZANNE T. ILDSTAD, Pittsburgh GEORGE L. SPAETH, Philadelphia JAMES C. CARRICO, Dallas R. SCOTT JONES, Charlottesville GLENN D. STEELE, JR, Chicago ORLO H. CLARK, San Francisco IRVING L. KRON, Charlottesville MICHAEL L. STEER, Boston ALFRED M. COHEN, New York FRANK R. LEWIS, JR, Detroit STEVEN M. STRASBERG, St. Louis ZANE COHEN, Toronto KEITH D. LILLEMOE, Baltimore BAUER E. SUMPIO, New Haven JOEL D. COOPER, St. Louis STEPHEN F. LOWRY, New York DAVID E. R. SUTHERLAND, Minneapolis REGINALD R. COOPER, Iowa City JAMES W. MAY, JR, Boston ROBY C. THOMPSON, JR, Minneapolis EDWARD M. COPELAND III, Gainesville ROBIN S. McLEOD, Toronto E. DARRACOTT VAUGHAN, JR, New York DELOS M. COSGROVE, Cleveland JONATHAN L. MEAKINS, Montreal ANTHONY D. WHITTEMORE, Boston JAMES L. COX, St. Louis ENRIQUE MORENO-GONZALEZ, Madrid DOUGLAS W. WILMORE, Boston JOHN P. CURTIN, New York PETER J. MORRIS, Oxford H. RICHARD WINN, Seattle JOHN M. DALY, New York MICHAEL W. MULHOLLAND, Ann Arbor JOHN WONG, Hong Kong HAILE T. DeBAS, San Francisco JOHN S. NAJARIAN, Minneapolis CHRISTOPHER K. ZARINS, Stanford ALAN H. DeCHERNEY, Los Angeles JOHN E. NIEDERHUBER, Stanford MORITZ M. ZIEGLER, Cincinnati JEAN B. deKERNION, Los Angeles JEFFREYA .N ORTON, St. Louis MICHAEL J. ZINNER, Boston VOLUME 183 . JULY TO DECEMBER 1996 Published by Founded by THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS FRANKLIN H. MARTIN, MD, FACS SEAN R. GRISKENAS, General Manager KATHLEEN G. SAUSER, Assistant Editor AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 183 ABOUL-NOUR, TAYMOUR A., 466 CHARETON, BRUNO, 190 FAKHRY, SAMIR M., 31 AHMED, SHARMILA, 101 CHEN, MARIE H. M., 126 FAZIO, VICTOR W., 297 AHMED, ZIAUDDIN, 486 CHIU, CYNTHIA K., 640 FIGENSHAU, R. SHERBURNE, 335 ALLEN-MERSH, TIMOTHY G., 357 CHMIEL, JOAN S., 393 FISCHER, JOSEF E., 471 ALTMAN, MARIAN, 208 CLAYMAN, RALPH V., 335 FISCHER, R., 565 ANDO, HISAM!, 56, 317, 543 CLEARY, KAREN, 105 FITZGERALD, PETER G., 411 ANGELIS, MICHAEL, 589 CLIVE, ROSEMARIE, 393 FITZSIMMONS, JACK, 486 Assy, N., 643 COHEN, JON R., 126 FOLSE, J. ROLAND, 499 ATTEBERRY, LINDA R., 377 COHEN, NERI, 208 FONTENELLE, LARRY J., 329 AUDRAIN, JEAN, 401 COLE, BERNARD F., 575 FORNELL, EVA K. UUSTAL, 553 AZOULAY, DANIEL, 160 CONTRERAS, LuIs A., 11 FRATTAROLI, FABRIZIO MARIA, 506 COOLEY, DENTON A., 606 FREI, EDGAR, 493 CoyYNE, DANIEL W., 401 FREMGEN, AMY, 393, 616 BAER, HANS U., 493 CozZZAGLIO, L., 243 FRIEDMAN, IRA, 46 BAKER, CHRISTOPHER C., 31 CURLEY, STEVEN A., 105 FRILEUX, PASCAL, 97 BAKER, WILLIAM H., 387 CUSACK, JAMES C., 105 FRYKBERG, ERIC R., 377 BALL, DAVID, 486 FUEG, ADRIANNE, 145 BARTH, ANDREAS M., 185 FUJIMOTO, KIYOSHIGE, 611 BARTLETT, STEPHEN T., 408, 529 DAILY, OTIS P., 434 FUKATSU, KAZUHIKO, 450 BARTRAM, CLIVE I., 257 DAROosA, DEBRA A., 499 FUNG, JOHN J., 117, 527 BECK, DAVID E., 297 DA SILVA, MARCELO C., 640 FURUKAWA, SATOSHI, 450 BECKER, JAMES M., 297 DATTILO, JEFFERY, 208 BEITSCH, PETER D., 185 DAVIDSON, B. SCOTT, 105 BELGHITI, JACQUES, 77 DAviEs, Darcy B., 434 GARBEROGLIO, CARLOS A., 164 BELLON, JUAN M., 11 DAVIES, SANDRA L., 140 GENNARI, L., 243 BENDER, JEFFREY S., 361 DAYTON, MERRIL T., 297 GIAccO, GEOFFREY G., 105 BENEDETTI, ENRICO, 307 DELATORRE, ANDREW, 529 GIBBS, PAUL, 597 BERG, GORAN, 553 DELMEZ, JAMES A., 401 GINZBURG, ENRIQUE, 548 BERNS, T., 565 DELRIVIERE, Luc, 597 GIULIANO, ARMANDO E., 185 BISMUTH, HENRI, 160 DELVA, ERIC, 597 GODLEY, CHARLES D., 133 BLAND, Kirpy I., 262, 575 DEMETRIS, ANTHONY J., 117 GOKCORA, ISMAIL HALUK, 384 BONFANTI, G., 243 DENNIS, JAMES W., 377 GOLDEN, MICHAEL A., 654 BORIE, DOMINIQUE, 597 DIABETIC ULCER STUDY GROUP, 61 GRAYSON, THOMAS, 413 BOZZETTI, F., 243 DIAzzI1, G., 243 GREISLER, HOWARD P., 387 BRADFORD, SUSAN, 486 DOHERTY, GERARD M., 1 GRUESSNER, ANGELIKA C., 307 BRADLEY III, EDWARD L., 65 DomB, ABRAHAM, 195 GRUESSNER, RAINER W. G., 307 BRANDT, B., 565 DONNER, ALLAN, 117 GUADALAXARA, ANTONIO, 506 BRATTON, JOAN, 101 DONOHOE, DENNIS, 61 Gusz, JOHN R., 217 BREEN, TIMOTHY J., 434 DUNN, DAVID L., 307 Guy, STEPHEN R., 113 BRENNAN, Murray F., 89 DUNNINGTON, GARY L., 499 BROWER, STEVEN T., 101 DWORKIN, MICHAEL J., 357 BROWN, MICHAEL R., 589 HALLBOOK, OLOF, 553 BRUNT, L. MICHAEL, 1 HALLIGAN, STEPHEN, 257 BUCHLER, MARKUS W., 493 EDWARDS, ERICK B., 434 HALow, KEVIN D., 329 BuJAN, JULIA, 11 EGUCHI, YUTAKA, 230 HAN, ILsoo, 450 BUNTE, H., 565 EHSAN, AFSHIN, 249 HANNOUN, LAURENT, 597 BURKE, KATIE, 387 ELASHRY, OSAMA M., 335 HARADA, ToRU, 317 ELIASZIW, MICHAEL, 117 HARKABUS, MICHAEL A., 217 ELLISON, MARY D., 434 HARNER, ROBERT C., 329 CAN, GONG, 441 EMRE, SUKRU, 113 HASANIYA, NAHIDH W. M. A., 589 CARRERA-SAN MARTIN, A., 11 ENDO, MITsuOo, 157 HASEGAWA, SEIKI, 371 CARRILLO, EpDDy H., 548 ERWIN, CHRISTOPHER R., 441 HASHIGUCHI, YojIRO, 450 CASTAING, DENIS, 160 ESSELSTYN JR, CALDWELL B., 25 HASHIKURA, YASUHIKO, 74 CASTELLANI, R., 243 ESTRADA, LILLIAN, 249 HASSELGREN, PER-OLOF, 471 CEBALLOS, CESAR E., 548 EVANS, SHEILA W., 185 HAyGoop, MAry M., 140 ll INDEX OF AUTHORS TO VOLUME 183 _ ili HELMRATH, MICHAEL A., 441 KODERA, YASUHIRO, 345, 480 MEYER, ANTHONY A., 31 HENNIES, GERALDINE A., 140 KOHL, Roy D., 239 MILLER, CHARLES M., 113 HIDA, JIN-ICHI, 611 KONSTADOULAKIS, MANOuSSOS, 575 MINUK, G. Y., 643 HILL, BRADLEY B., 268 KORNAROS, STYLIANOS E., 466 MIZUGUCHI, RICHARD S., 457 HIRAI, TAKASHI, 345, 480 KOWALSKI, LYNN D., 225 MOLEY, JEFFREY F., 1 HirasA, THOMAS, 387 KRAHENBUHL, LUKAS, 493 Moore, MARCIA, 297 HIRKO, MARK K., 387 KuBo, RYUICHI, 611 MOoRE-JEFFRIES, EARL, 249 HITOMI, SHIGEKI, 371 KUCHTA, KENNETH, 249 MORASCH, MARK D., 387 HOCHWALD, STEVEN N., 89 KUDSK, KENNETH A., 654 Mor!I, KENJIRO, 371 HONNA, TOSHIRO, 583 KUNSCHNER, ALAN J., 225 MORIMOTO, TAKESHI, 345, 480 Howarp, Topp K., 401 Kuo, PAUL C., 529 MUCHMORE, JAMES H., 457 HSIEH, MAO-CHIH, 201 KWAKWA, FRANCIS, 425 MURPHY, EUGENE A., 126 HUNT, THOMAS K., 406 KWAN, YVONNE, 249 MuTO, TETSUICHIRO, 450 IERARDI, RALPH P., 531 LANDEN, SERGE, 190 NAGAYA, MASAHIRO, 317 IIMA, SATOSHI, 74 LANGER, JACOB C., 411 NAKADA, STEPHEN Y., 335 IKEGAMI, TOSHIHIKO, 74 LAUNOIS, BERNARD, 190 NAKAZAWA, YUICHI, 74 ILLOMEI, GIOVANNI, 506 LAYTON, THOMAS R., 514 NEUMANN, DONALD R., 25 IMAMURA, MASAYUKI, 371 LEE, CECILE, 457 NICOLOFF, JOHN T., 249 INABA, TSUYOSHI, 450 LEE, H. M., 208 NORMAN, DOUGLAS J., 434 INCARBONE, RAFFAELLO, 249 LEE, JEAN, 486 NorTH JR, JAMES H., 322 INOUE, TOMOMI, 450 LEE, KENNETH, 25 NORTON, JEFFREY A., 1 ISLAM, SARKER, 145 LENZ, BARBRA J., 377 NOUN, ROGER, 77 ITo, Fujio, 56, 317, 543 LEVISON, JONATHAN, 126 NUSSBAUM, MOSES, 46 ITO, TAKAHIRO, 56, 317, 543 LILLEMOE, KEITH D., 155 IvVATURY, RAO R., 145 Lim, JAMES W., 527 O’BRIEN, WILLIAM J., 471 1ZZO, FRANCESCO, 105 LIN, MING-TSAN, 450 OcwikJA, KATHY, 393 LINDSLEY, LINDA, 61 OHMIYA, HARUMI, 583 LINGREL, JERRY B., 471 OKUNO, KIYOTAKA, 611 JAIN, ASHOK, 117 LivTOOY, FRED N., 387 ORTEGA, ADRIAN E., 249 JOHANN, Marc, 160 LIVESAY, JAMES J., 606 JOHNSON, LynT B., 529 Lo, Su-SHUN, 201 JONASSON, OLGA, 425 LODER, PETER B., 257 PAPALOIS, BASIL E., 307 JONES, WALTER B., 393 LOWELL, JEFFREY A., 401 PAPPALARDO, GIUSEPPE, 506 JORDAN JR, PAUL H., 265 PARC, ROLLAND, 97 LUGERING, N., 565 JOTHY, SERGE, 101 Lul, WING-Yiu, 201 P’ENG, FANG-Ku, 201 JURADO, FRANCISCA, 11 PERLER, BRUCE A., 559 PETERS, JEFFREY H., 249 MAFFIOLI, L., 243 PETRELLI, NICHOLAS J., 322 KAHN, MARK B., 486 MAGNUSON, THOMAS H., 361 PHILLIPS, ROBIN K. S., 257 KAMAL, KHURRAM, 271 MAHONEY, RICHARD J., 434 PINNA, ANTONIO D., 527 KAMM, MICHAEL A., 257 MAKHOUL, RAYMOND G., 208 POLK JR, HiRAM C., 413 KANBOUR, ANISA I., 225 MAKUUCHI, MASATOSHI, 74 POSNER, MARC P., 208 KANBOUR-SHAKIR, AMAL, 225 MANGANAS, DIMITRI, 190 POWELL, RICHARD J., 271 KANDA, Yuji, 371 MARTIN, LARRY C., 548 PRINZ, RICHARD A., 71 KANEKO, KENITIRO, 56, 317, 543 MARTINI, JR, MIGUEL A., 548 KARANFILIAN, RICHARD G., 640 MARUYAMA, TAKAMASA, 611 QUASEBARTH, Mary A., 1 KARMAKAR, MILON G., 640 MATSUDA, TAKEAKI, 450 KATO, TOMOYUKI, 345, 480 MATSUNAMI, HIDETOSHI, 74 KATZ, STEVEN, 239 MATTHIESEN, LEIF S., 553 RACCUIA, JOSEPH S., 160 KAWANO, TATSUYUKI, 157 MAURER, J., 51 REGGIO, DARIO, 506 KAWARASAKI, HIDEO, 583 McCaBE, CHARLES J., 133 RENZULLI, PIETRO, 493 KAWASAKI, SEIJI, 74 MCDOUGALL, ELSPETH M., 335 REUL JR, GEORGE J., 606 KELLY, DyMPNA, 113 MCHENRY, CHRISTOPHER R., 25 REZNICK, RICHARD K., 499 KENNEDY, B. J., 616 MCKENZIE, DEAN, 413 RICH, NORMAN, 531 KERSTEIN, Morris D., 531 MCMICHAEL, JOHN P., 117 ROBERTS, ANDREW B., 486 KIMBALL, PAMELA, 208 MEIER, PAUL, 117 ROBERTS, PATRICIA L., 297 KiTo, TsuyOsHI, 345, 480 MENAWAT, SUNIL S., 377 RODRIGUEZ-BIGAS, MIGUEL A., 322 KLIMSTRA, DAviD S., 89 MEROPOL, NEAL J., 322 ROHMAN, MICHAEL, 145 KODAMA, MASASHI, 230 MEUNIER, BERNARD, 190 ROSE, D. MICHAEL, 89 iv Journal of the American College of Surgeons- December 1996+ Volume 183 ROSENGART, T., 51 SPIVACK, BRIAN, 185 VANDERKOLK, WAYNE E., 441 RUBINO, A., 243 SPIVAK, HADAR, 46 VELANOVICH, Vic, 79, 217 RUSSELL, ANTHONY, 393 STAHL, WILLIAM M., 145 VEZERIDIS, MICHAEL P., 575 Russo-ALEsI, FRANK, 377 STARZL, THOMAS E., 117, 527 RUTLEDGE, ROBB H., 625 ST CLAIR, MARTY, 195 RUTLEDGE, ROBERT, 31 STEED, DAvID L., 61 WaDA, HIROMI, 371 RYCKMAN, FREDERICK C., 637 STEPHAN, RABIE N., 65 WANEBO, HAROLD J., 575, 616 STEWART, ANDREW K., 616 WANTZ, GEORGE E., 351 SAADEY, JOSEPH, 25 STRODEL, WILLIAM E., 268 WARNER, BRAD W., 140, 441 STRYKER, STEVEN J., 297 SACHDEVA, AjiT K., 499 WARREN, RALPH L., 133 SAINT-MARC, OLIVIER, 97 SUGITANI, ATSUSHI D., 527 WATANABE, MITSUHISA, 74 SAITO, HIDEAKI, 450 SUGITO, TETSUYUKI, 317 WATANABE, YOSHIO, 317, 543 SUMPIO, BAUER E., 271 WATSON, STEPHEN J., 257 SCHLIEVERT, PATRICK M., 19 SCHMID, K. W., 565 SUTHERLAND, DAviD E. R., 307 WEBER, THOMAS K., 322 SCHWARTZ, Myron E., 113 SWEENEY, SHARON A., 297 WEBSTER, MARSHALL W., 61 SCHWEITZER, EUGENE J., 529 WEXNER, STEVEN D., 297 SEO, TAKAHIKO, 56, 317, 543 TAKACH, THOMAS J., 606 WHITE, RUSSELL E., 575 SESKI, JAN C., 225 TAKANISHI, DANNY, 589 WINCHESTER, DAVID P., 393, 616 SHEINER, PATRICIA A., 113 TAN, HENKIE P., 164 WINDE, G., 565 SHELDON, GEORGE F., 525 TAPIA, FRANCIS V., 217 WINDus, DAvID W., 401 SHENOY, SURENDRA, 401 TARTTER, PAUL I., 101 WINTHROP, ANDREA L., 411 WOLF JR, J. STUART, 335 SHERIDAN, ROBERT L., 133 TIMMINS, PATRICK F., 225 SHIKANI, ALAN H., 195 TIRET, EMMANUEL, 97 WOLFF, BRUCE G., 297 SHIMADA, YUTAKA, 371 TISZENKEL, H., 51 Wu, CHEW-WuN, 201 SHINDO, KATSUHISA, 611 Topo, SATORU, 117 SHINGLETON, HUGH M., 393 Tori, AKIHITO, 345, 480 SIMON, RONALD J., 145 TROPPMANN, CHRISTOPH, 307 YAMAMURA, YOSHITAKA, 345, 480 SINGLANT, JEAN D., 77 TSUCHIDA, YOSHIAKI, 583 YANG, HEE K., 640 SJODAHL, RUNE, 553 Tsuji, Kazuya, 230 YASUHARA, HIROSHI, 450 SKIBBER, JOHN, 105 TURNER, J., 51 YASUI, KENZO, 345, 480 SMITH, GARDNER W., 361 YASUTOMI, MASAYUKI, 611 SMITH, JAMES, 164 YEN, JULIA, 105 UESAKA, KATSUHIKO, 345, 480 SMITH, LEE E., 297 YOSHINO, KUNIHIDE, 157 Uno, Kaoru, 583 SMITH III, ROBERT B., 88 Yu, MIHAE, 589 UPADHYAY, A., 51 SOBEL, MICHAEL, 208 SOMBERG, LEwis B., 548 SOPER, NATHANIEL J., 1 VAILLANT, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE, 97, 597 Z’GRAGGEN, KASPAR, 493 Sosa, JORGE L., 548 VALLANCE, STEVEN R., 217 ZENILMAN, MICHAEL E., 361 SPENCER, CAROL J., 249 VANDE MAELE, DOMINIQUE, 46 ZWENG, THOMAS N., 268 SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 183 ABDOMEN tensive care, 387 en], 654 adhesions, postoperative, prevention, carotid, surgery, endarterectomy, Vascular Surgery: Principles and Tech- by sodium hyaluronate-based bio- impact of advanced age on re- niques, (Haimovici) [Smith], 88 resorbable membrane, 297 sults of, 559 Breast omentum, greater experimental, pri- celiac, compression syndrome, tai- cancer; carcinoma, prognostic signi- mary site, of neutrophil exuda- lored therapy, based on intraop- ficance of previous benign breast tion, in peritonitis, 450 erative findings, 606 disease for women with, 101 surgery, laparoscopic, port-closure inferior mesenteric, ligation, ef- invasive, minimally, management, techniques after, comparative clin- fect on blood flow, in marginal therapeutic options and results ical study of, 335 artery-dependent sigmoid co- for, influence of axillary dissec- wall, defects, a repair, lon, 357 tion for treatment of Tla and comparison of new type of poly- infrageniculate, reconstruction, Tlb lesions, 575 tetrafluoroethylene patch and using cryopreserved homograft Tl, axillary metastasis, incidence polypropylene prosthesis for, 11 saphenous conduit, and combi- and predictors of, 185 Adrenal glands nation low-dose systemic immu- nosuppression, 208 insufficiency, eosinophilia, as marker of, in surgical intensive care unit, injuries, associated with fractures CANCER 589 and dislocations, changing pat- antrum, carcinoma, Billroth I and neoplasms, benign, surgery, laparo- terns of, 377 Billroth II for, prospective ran- scopic compared to open, 1 ligation, and upper extremity by- domized trial for, 190 Anus pass, in treatment of hand is- blood, carcinoma, leukemia, anorec- sphincter, ee during vaginal chemia, after angioaccess sur- tal complications, infectious and delivery, 553 gery, 239 noninfectious, management of, Aorta surgery, arteries, carotid, endarterec- 322 replacement, laparoscopic, experi- tomy, impact of advanced age on breast, carcinoma, invasive, mini- mental, feasibility study, 126 results of, 559 mally, management, therapeutic veins, portal, extrahepatic, obstruc- options and results for, influence tion, in children, leading to bleed- of axillary dissection for treatment BACTERIA ing esophageal varices, anatomy of Tla and Tlb lesions, 575 Staphylococcus aureus, growth of, effect and etiology of, 543 carcinoma, prognostic significance of Merocel™ vaginal sponge on, portal, right, and vena cava, tem- of previous benign breast dis- and production of toxic shock syn- porary shunt between, in living ease for women with, 101 drome-associated toxins, 19 related transplantation, 74 Tl, axillary metastasis, inci- Biliary tract saphenous, homograft, cryopre- dence and predictors of, 185 disease, outcome, impact of laparo- served, for infrageniculate arterial cervix uteri, carcinoma, invasive, sur- scopic cholecystectomy on manage- reconstruction, and combina- gery, national patterns of care ment and outcome of, in North tion low-dose systemic immuno- study of American College of Sur- Carolina, 31 suppression, results of, 208 geons, 393 ducts, patency, during hepatic resec- thrombosis, and superior mesen- classification, Japanese General Rules tion, practical method for quick teric, “pants” vein jump graft and TNM system, comparison be- assessment of, 77 for, in transplantation of liver, tween, in regional lymph node, 527 stenosis, intrahepatic, causing in- of carcinoma of colon, 611 trahepatic calculi formation, vena cava, and right portal vein, tem- colon, adenocarcinoma, and rectum, following excision of choledo- porary shunt between, in living re- survival factors in 186 patients chal cyst, 56 lated transplantation, 74 younger than 40 years old, 105 strictures, benign, review of 21 years Book reviews carcinoma, regional lymph node of experience, 506 Blood Loss and Shock, (Secher, Paw- classification of, Japanese Gen- Blood leczyk, and Ludbrook) [Kudsk], eral Rules and TNM system, 654 cancer; carcinoma, leukemia, ano- comparison between, 611 rectal complications, infectious Cancer Surgery, (Harvey and Beattie) duodenum, adenocarcinoma, pri- and noninfectious, management [Reintgen}, 423 mary, 10-year experience with 79 of, 322 Minimal Access Gynecology, (Grochmal) patients, 89 coagulation, hyper-, postoperative [Odem], 423 esophagus, carcinoma, esophagecto- state, followed by hyperfibrinoly- Surgery of the Chest, (Sabiston and my and aggressive upper mediasti- sis, related to wound healing, after Spencer) [Kaiser], 295 nal lymphadenectomy for, prosta- hepatic resection, 230 Surgery of the Esophagus, Stomach, and glandin E; ameliorates decreased flow, inferior mesenteric artery liga- Small Intestine, (Wastell, Nyhus, tracheal blood flow after, 371 tion, effect on, in marginal artery- and Donahue) [Sarr], 541 malignant, melanomas, in American dependent sigmoid colon, 357 Surgical Critical Care, (Weigelt and black females, unusual distribu- tracheal, decreased, prostaglandin Lewis) [Cobb], 541 tion of primary sites, 457 E) ameliorates, after esophagec- Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Sur- metastasis, axillary, incidence and tomy and aggressive upper me- gery, (Pearson et al) [Egan], 295 redictors of, in Tl carcinoma of diastinal lymphadenectomy for Tissue Approximation in Endoscopic Sur- reast, 185 esophageal carcinoma, 371 gery, (Cuschieri and Szabo) [Jones], rectum, adenocarcinoma, and colon, Blood vessels 296 survival factors in 186 patients arteries, carotid, endarterectomy, in- Vascular Surgery, (Rutherford) [Gold- younger than 40 years old, 105 Vv vi Journal of the American College of Surgeons+ December 1996+ Volume 183 stomach, carcinoma, Borrmann type biopsy with lymphatic mapping, Gastrointestinal tract IV, surgery, relevance of lymphad- 262 Crohn’s disease, internal fistulas in, enectomy in improving survival, Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 71 surgical management of, 97 480 Longitudinal study, 525 carcinoma, distal third, surgery, New issues concerning etiology of curative, results of, 201 old problem, 637 HAND survival, does lymph node dis- Pancreatic transplantation after thirty ischemia, treatment, by arterial liga- section alter, 616 years, still room for improvement, tion and upper extremity bypass, surgery, stomach, distal third, carci- 408 after angioaccess surgery, 239 noma, curative, results of, 201 Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma, Heart survival, gastric carcinoma, does lymph role for aggressive resection, 155 resuscitation, end points of, after ma- node dissection alter, 616 Rewards of prospective study, 265 jor trauma, global oxygen trans- in 186 patients younger than 40 Education port indices versus organ-specific years old with colorectal ade- Surgeons as Educators course, descrip- gastric mucosal pH, 145 nocarcinoma, 105 tion and evaluation of, 499 Hernias Catheter Esophagus inguinal, indirect, incision, low in- Tenckhoff, infected, laparoscopic cancer; carcinoma, surgery, and ag- guinal groove, in girls, 384 management of peritonitis in, gressive upper mediastinal lym- primary, in men, tension-free her- technique, 640 phadenectomy for, blood flow, nioplasty for, experience with, venous, central, Hickman™ com- prostaglandin E) ameliorates de- 351 pared with Groshong”, in pedi- Hospitals creased tracheal blood flow after, atric oncology patients, 140 371 intensive care, unit, elective bedside Collective review cervical, anastomosis, and gastric, b tracheostomy in, 51 Impact of omeprazole and laparos- cuff technique, using stapler, 15 unit, surgical, eosinophilia as marker copy upon hiatal hernia and re- gastro-, reflux, disease, quality of life of adrenal insuffiency in, 589 flux esophagitis, 413 scale for, 217 Liver disease in pregnancy, 643 surgery, and lymphadenectomy, medi- Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, update, astinal, upper, aggressive, prosta- IMMUNITY 164 glandin Ej ameliorates decreased deficiency, virus, human, polymer- Pathobiology of diabetes mellitus, tracheal blood flow after, 371 iodine inactivation of, 195 implications for surgeons, 271 varix, bleeding, extrahepatic portal Infections Peripheral venous injuries, 531 vein obstruction, anatomy and eti- fungal, intra-abdominal, after pan- — laboratory evaluation, ology of, leading to, in children, creatic transplantation, 307 9 543 rectum, and anus, complications, in- Cysts Extremities fectious and noninfectious, in pa- choledochal, excision, complete, of upper, bypass, and arterial ligation, tients with leukemia, management intrapancreatic portion of, 317 of, 322 in treatment of hand ischemia, af- excision, intrahepatic bile duct ter angioaccess surgery, 239 skin, primary, secondary to Vibrio vul- stenosis, causing intrahepatic nificus, operative intervention, role calculi formation following, 56 of, 329 primary, development of intra- FIBRINOLYSIS Instruments and apparatus hepatic cholelithiasis long af- ter, 583 hyper-, postoperative hypercoagu- tubtese,c hfneieqduien,g , inmapsrooevnetde,r al,2 68s ecuring, hepatic, hydatid, rupture, intrabili- able state, followed by, related to Intestines ary, frank, diagnosis and treat- wound healing, after hepatic re- ment, 466 section, 230 canlceyrm;p h canrocdieno mac,l assciofliocnat,i onr,e giJoanpaal- solitary, nonparasitic symptom- Foot nese General Rules and TNM sys- producing, laparoscopic man- ulcers, diabetic, healing, effect of ex- tem, comparison between, 611 agement of, 493 tensive debridement and treat- colorectal, adenocarcinoma, sur- ment on, 61 vival factors in 186 patients Fractures younger than 40 years old, 105 DISEASE associated injuries, arterial, and dis- duodenum, adenocarcinoma, pri- Crohn’s, internal fistulas in, surgical location, changing patterns of, mary, 10-year experience with 377 management of, 97 79 patients, 89 Drugs colon, cancer; carcinoma, and rec- cyclosporine, compared to tacro- tum, survival factors in 186 pa- limus, for hepatic transplantation, GALLBLADDER tients younger than 40 years old, Pittsburgh randomized trial, 117 calculus, intrahepatic, development, 105 immunosuppression, systemic, low- long after primary excision of cho- cancer; carcinoma, regional lymph dose, combination, and infrageni- ledochal cysts, 583 node classification, Japanese culate arterial reconstruction, using cysts, excision, complete, of intrapan- General Rules and TNM Sys- cryopreserved hom: t saphenous creatic portion of, 317 tem, comparison between, 611 conduit, early results of, 208 drainage, lymphatic, routes of, visu- sigmoid, marginal artery-depen- tacrolimus, compared to cyclospor- alization, with carbon particle sus- dent, blood flow in, effect of ine, for hepatic transplantation, pension, 345 inferior mesenteric artery liga- Pittsburgh randomized trial, 117 excision, laparoscopic, and open, tion on, 357 metabolic and stress hormonal re- surgery, and rectum, in octoge- sponses, prospective randomized narians, 46 EDITORIAL comparison, 249 trauma, blunt, and rectum, 548 Can adhesions be prevented?, 406 surgery, laparoscopic, impact of, on duodenum, cancer; carcinoma, ade- Enhancing accuracy for predictors of management and outcome of bil- nocarcinoma, primary, 10-year ex- axillary nodal metastasis in T1 car- iary tract disease, in North Caro- perience with 79 patients, 89 cinoma of breast, role of selective lina, 31 rectum, and anus, complications, in- INDEX OF SUBJECTS TO VOLUME 183 Vii fectious and noninfectious, in pa- cinoma of colon, comparison cancer; carcinoma, antrum, Billroth tients with leukemia, management between Japanese General Rules I and Billroth II for, prospective of, 322 and TNM system in, 611 randomized trial, 190 cancer; carcinoma, adenocarci- Borrmann type IV, surgery, rele- noma, and colon, survival fac- vance of lymphadenectomy in tors in 186 patients younger MUSCLES improving survival, 480 than 40 years old, 105 skeletal, sepsis, increases sodium, po- distal third, surgery, curative, re- rectocele, symptomatic, transper- tassium-adenosinetriphosphatase sults of, 201 ineal repair of, with Marlex® activity without affecting messen- survival, does lymph node dissec- mesh, treatment, physiological ger RNA or protein levels, 471 tion alter, 616 and radiologic assessment of, sphincter, anal, rupture, during vagi- reflux, esophageal, disease, quality of 257 nal delivery, 553 life scale for, 217 surgery, and colon, in octogenari- repair, surgery, accessory duct, surgery, carcinoma of distal third, ans, 46 preferred for long-term preven- curative, results of, 201 trauma, blunt, and colon, 548 tion of recurrent acute pancre- total, comparing reconstruction small, resection, massive, experimen- atitis in patients with pancreas with Roux-en-Y to pouch after, tal, intestinal adaptation following, divisum, 65 243 441 Surgery surgery, colon, and rectum, in oc- accessory duct sphinteroplasty, pre- togenarians, 46 NURSE AND NURSING ferred for long-term prevention of rectum, and colon, in octogenari- home, patient, general surgical care recurrent acute pancreatitis in pa- ans, 46 in, results of dedicated geriatric tients with pancreas divisum, 65 surgery consult service, 361 adrenal glands, laparoscopic com- pared to open, for benign adrenal KIDNEYS neoplasms, 1 allografts, retroperitoneal, bilateral, PANCREAS colorectal, in octogenarians, 46 technique, for placement through diabetes, foot, ulcers, healing, effect elective, tracheostomy, bedside, in midline incision, 529 of extensive debridement and intensive care unit, 51 transplantation, HLA-matched, re- treatment of, 61 experimental, comparison of new fused for, implications for nation- inflammation, recurrent, acute, in type of ee eee al cooperative sharing system, 434 patients with pancreas divisum, patch and polypropylene prosthe- prevention, long-term accessory sis for repair of abdominal wall duct sphincteroplasty for, 65 defects, 11 LETTER TO EDITOR transplantation, intra-abdominal fun- greater omentum is primary site 290-291; 291-292; 292-294; 294; 419- gal infections, 307 of neutrophil exudation in peri- 420; 420-422 Parathyroid glands tonitis, 450 Liver localization, with technetium-99m- intestinal adaptation following diseased, major extended resections sestamibi, prospective evaluation, massive small bowel resection in in, using hypothermic protection, 25 mouse, 441 new technique, preliminary results Pediatrics laparoscopic aortic replacement, from, 597 blood supply, extrahepatic portal vein, feasibility study, 126 intrahepatic calculi, formation, caused obstruction, leading to bleeding gallbladder, laparoscopic, impact of, by intrahepatic bile duct stenosis, esophageal varices, 543 on management and outcome of following excision of choledochal cancer; carcinoma, standard Hick- biliary tract disease in North Caro- cyst, 56 man™ compared with Groshong™ lina, 31 lesions, benign, resection, selective central venous catheters in, 140 history of, America’s greatest medi- use of total vascular isolation, 113 Peritoneum cal discovery, 150 years later, who resection, bile duct patency during, inflammation, experimental, neutro- gets credit, 625 practical method for quick assess- phil exudation in, primary site, internal fistulas in Crohn’s disease, ment of, 77 greater omentum, 450 surgery, resection, wound healing af- management, laparoscopic, in in- intrahepatic bile duct stenosis caus- ter, postoperative hypercoagulable fected Tenckhoff catheter, tech- ing intrahepatic calculi formation state, followed by hyperfibrinolysis nique, 640 following excision of choledochal related to, 230 cyst, 56 transplantation, graft, “pants” vein Longitudinal Study of Surgical Resi- jump, for portal vein and superior SKIN dents, 1993 to 1994, 425 mesenteric vein thrombosis in, infections, primary, secondary to Vi- postoperative study, abdominal ad- 527 brio vulnificus, operative interven- hesions, prevention, by sodium living related, temporary shunt be- tion, role of, 329 hyaluronate-based bioresorbable tween right portal vein and Spleen membrane, 297 vena cava in, 74 injury, blunt, nonoperative manage- benign biliary strictures, review of tacrolimus compared to cyclospor- ment, in adults, age over 55 years 21 years of experience, 506 ine for, Pittsburgh randomized powerful indicator for failure, 133 Billroth I and Billroth II for car- trial, 117 surgery, results and prognostic fac- cinoma of gastric antrum, pro- tumors, biopsy, technique, double tors of, in idiopathic thrombocy- spective randomized trial, 190 needle, “protected,” 160 topenic purpura, 565 blunt traumatic injuries to colon Lymphatic system Stomach and rectum, 548 drainage, of gallbladders, with car- anastomosis, and esophagus, cervi- Borrmann type IV gastric carcino- bon particle suspension, visualiza- cal, by cuff technique using a sta- ma, relevance of lymphadenec- tion of routes of, 345 pler, 157 tomy in improving survival, 480 lymph nodes, dissection, does it alter antrum, cancer; carcinoma, Billroth carotid endarterectomy, intensive gastric carcinoma survival, 616 I and Billroth II for, prospective care after, 387 regional, classification of, of car- randomized trial, 190 complete excision of intrapancrea- viii Journal of the American College of Surgeons+ December 1996+ Volume 183 tic portion of choledochal cysts, through procedure, 411 fused, implications for national 317 cuff, using stapler, cervical —_ cooperative sharing system, 434 development of intrahepatic cho- agogastric anastomosis by, 157 liver, living related, temporary shunt lelithiasis long after primary ex- improved, for securing nasoen- between right portal vein and cision of cholodochal cysts, 583 teral feeding tubes, 268 vena cava in, 74 effect of inferior mesenteric artery laparoscopic management of peri- portal vein, and superior mesen- ligation on blood flow, in mar- tonitis in infected Tenckhoff teric vein thrombosis in, ginal artery-dependent sigmoid catheter, 640 “pants” vein jump graft for, 527 colon, 357 new, major extended hepatic re- pancreas, intra-abdominal fungal in- experience with tension-free her- sections, in diseased livers using fections after, 307 nioplasty, for primary inguinal hypothermic protection, pre- tacrolimus compared to cyclospor- hernias in men, 351 liminary results from, 597 ine for, Pittsburgh randomized frank intrabiliary rupture of hy- “pants” vein jump graft for portal trial, 117 datid hepatic cyst, diagnosis vein and superior mesenteric Trauma and treatment, 466 vein thrombosis, in transplan- colon, blunt, and rectum, 548 eer state, followed by tation of liver, 527 yperfibrinolysis related to wound for placement through midline in- major, end points of resuscitation af- ter, global oxygen transport, in- healing, after hepatic resection, cision, bilateral retroperitoneal dices versus organ-specific gastric 230 renal allografts, 529 hysterectomy in invasive cervical port-closure, after laparoscopic mucosal pH, 145 cancer, national patterns of surgery, comparative clinical rectal, blunt, and colon, 548 care study of American College study, 335 spleen, blunt, nonoperative manage- of Surgeons, 393 “protected” double needle biopsy, ment of, in adults, age over 55 impoafc tc arofo tiadd vaenncdeadrt eargeec toonm y,r esu5l5t9s temfporo rahrepya tisch utnutm orbse,t we1e6n0 right yureea,r s 1o33 o indicator for fail- infrageniculate arterial reconstruc- ortal vein and vena cava, in Tumors tion, using cryopreserved homo- iving related liver transplanta- liver, biopsy, technique, double nee- graft saphenous conduit, and tion, 74 dle, “protected,” 160 combination low-dose systemic Syndromes melanomas, malignant, in American immunosuppression, results of, celiac compression, tailored therapy, black females, unusual distribu- 208 based on intraoperative findings, tion of primary sites, 457 laparoscopic and open cholecys- 606 pancreas, intra-abdominal fungal in- tectomy, metabolic and _ stress toxic shock, and associated toxins, fections after, 307 hormonal responses of, pro- effect of Merocel™ vaginal sponge spective randomized compari- on growth of Staphylococcus aureus son of, 249 and production of, 19 low inguinal groove incision, for UTERUS indirect inguinal hernias, in cancer; carcinoma, cervical, invasive girls, 384 THROMBOCYTOPENIA surgery in, national patterns of lymphatic drainage of gallbladder, idiopathic, purpura, splenectomy, re- care study of American College routes of, visualization, with car- sults and prognostic factors of, 565 of Surgeons, 393 bon particle suspension, 345 Thrombosis cervix, cancer; carcinoma, invasive primary, skin infections, secon- venous, portal vein, and superior surgery in, national patterns of dary to Vibrio vulnificus, 329 mesenteric vein, in transplanta- care study of American College prostaglandin Ej ameliorates de- tion of liver, “pants” vein jump of Surgeons, 393 creased tracheal blood flow graft for, 527 pregnancy, delivery, vaginal, anal after esophagectomy and ag- Trachea sphincter rupture during, clinical gressive upper mediastinal lym- blood, flow, decreased, prostaglan- consequences of, 553 phadenectomy for esophageal din E), ameliorates, after esoph- carcinoma, 371 agectomy and aggressive upper splenectomy in idiopathic throm- mediastinal lymphadenectomy, for bocytopenic purpura, results esophageal carcinoma, 371 VAGINA and prognostic factors of, 565 surgery, elective, bedside, in inten- evisceration, postmenopausal, presen- treatment of hand ischemia, by sive care unit, 51 tation and management in, 225 arterial ligation, and upper ex- Transplants Viruses tremity bypass, after angioaccess allografts, renal, retroperitoneal, bi- immunodeficiency, human, polymer- surgery, 239 lateral, technique, for placement iodine inactivation of, 195 reconstruction, Roux-en-Y, compared through midline incision, 529 to pouch, after total gastrectomy, grafts, expanded polytetrafluoro- 243 ethylene, survival, comparison, de- resection of benign hepatic lesions signed for early cannulation, to WOUNDS with selective use of total vascular standard wall polytetrafluoroethyl- healing, after hepatic resection, post- isolation, 113 ene, 401 operative hypercoagulable state, technique, antegrade dilatation over patency, dialysis, surveillance and followed by hyperfibrinolysis re- string for management of anasto- angioplasty prolongs, 486 lated to, 230 motic complications after pull- kidney, perfectly HLA-matched, re- Stonewall Jackson’s, 514