Journal of Studies in Economics and Society - Universiteti

359 Pages·2010·5.06 MB·English

“ALEKSANDËR MOISIU” UNIVERSITY
DURRËS, ALBANIA
FACULTY OF BUSINESS
Journal of Studies in
Economics and Society
Vol 2. No 2. 2010
Journal of Studies in Economics and Society 1
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CIP “Aleksander Moisiu” University/Faculty of Business
‘JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY’
The Working Papers should not be reported as representing the views of the UAMD. The
views expressed in these Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily
represent those of the UAMD or UAMD policy. Working Papers describe research in progress
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Editorial Board
ISSN 2078-1725
This book is published with the support of
ABC Fund
Besa Fund
Published by
“Aleksandër Moisiu” University/ Faculty of Business
Rruga e Currilave, No. 1, Durrës, Albania
2 Vol 2. No 1. 2010
Presidency and Board of MeMBers
Prof.dr.agim Kukeli, Phd, President
Rector of “Aleksandër Moisiu” University, Durrës, Albania
Prof. dr.Bardhyl ceku, Vice president
Dean of Faculty of Economics and Administration,
“Aleksandër Moisiu” University, Durrës, Albania
Prof.dr.esmeralda Uruçi, Member
“Aleksandër Moisiu” University, Durrës, Albania
Prof.assoc.dr.Mit’hat Mema, Member
“Aleksandër Moisiu” University, Durrës, Albania
Prof.dr. salvatore Messina, Member
Rector of European University of Tourism, Tirana, Albania
Prof. Michel Bonneau, Member
University of Angers, France
Prof. L.s.fan, Member
University, Fort Collins, Colorado State, USA
Prof. francesco scalera, Member
University of Bari, Italy

editorial Board
Dr. Arif Murrja
Doc. Ilir Hoti
Blerim Kola, MMK
Viorela Polena
Journal of Studies in Economics and Society 3
4 Vol 2. No 1. 2010
conTenTs
7. The impact of tourism sector in the economy of albania.
-Prof.Dr. Esmeralda URUÇI. PhD. Albana BORIÇI (BEGANI)
25. a review of relationship between electronic customer relationship
management and information technology. - Fatbardha LUGA,
Özcan ASİLKAN, Arinela ANAMALI.
39. is albania attractive for german tourists? are german tourists attractive
for albania? - Olta NEXHIPI MSc., carsten BERG MSc.
52. environmental impact on tourists influxes and sustainable tourism
caused by naval means and vehicles. The case of durrës, albania. -
Brunilda LIcAJ, MBA. Leida MATJA, Ervin MyFTARAJ
66. Gis technique for tourism activities. -Dr. Bederiana SHyTI,
Aurela BIÇAKU
76. strategic orientation based on business ecosystems. - Jolta KACANI
88. The impact of air pollution in illnesses, mortality and hospital
admissions throughout years in albania - Prof. As. Dr. Pirro PRIFTI,
Msc. Laura GJyLI, Dr. Endrit SINA.
113. on the reduction of environmental pollution caused by gases
automobile emissions. - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Asllan HAJDERI.
125. environmental impacts of a brewery. - Msc. Ariola DEVOLLI,
Dr. Enkeleda KAÇORRI.
137. Water rersources issue in the face of climate changes. - Miriam NDINI.
146. conditionality, is it the right tool for the eU integration and regional
cooperation in albania? - Grida DUMA, PhD.
179. The fragmented information system in the harbor district of durrës;
analyses, risks and challenges of e-bussiness in the new era of global
economy. - Eng. Alma STANA.
Journal of Studies in Economics and Society 5
179. e-commerce in albania – legal and economic perspective.
- Ersida TELITI, LL. M. Nertil BËRDUFI. ylber TROcI
197. The e-government and e-economy reform is it functioning in albania?
- Ergis SEFA.
213. regional development: an opportunity or a challenge for the albania
joins the eU. -Dr. Nevila (SOKOLI) XHINDI.
225. insolvency procedures in relation to other states (cross - border
insolvency according to albanian legislation). -Dr. Nada DOLLANI,
LlM. Asim VOKSHI.
238. developments tax legislation and changes of small business in the
municipalities of shkodra and Lezha. -Dr. Ilir BERHANI,
LlM.Idlir DUHANXHI, Genc BERHANI.
252. albania- challenges of regional and european integration.
- Msc. Alma ZISI, Msc. Bitila SHOSHA, Msc. Armela ANAMALI.
270. The albanian public universities and their “marketing” policies in the
context of private universities creation in the country.
- Ph. D Lindita GJATA, Prof.As.Dr. Fatos GJATA.
278. nas 15 - Microentity accounting standard in albania. -Elira HOXHA,
Msc. Lirola KËRI, Msc. Prof. Dr.Jorgji BOLLANO,
289. Problems of financial activity and their analysis in our economic units.
- Dr. Fatbardha MOLLA (Beqiri) Fatbardha ÇAUSHI M.A.
300. service quality and customer satisfaction in banking the case of
albania. - Artiola AGALLIU, MSc., Lindita VARESI, MSc.
313. Problems and challenges to develop PPP programmes.
- Dr. Ali TURHANI.
332. The human resource information systems in public and private sectors
in albania. -Assoc Prof. Dr. Mimoza KASIMATI,
PhD Elton ZHULEKU, MBA
346. fair value considerations during the current financial crisis.
-MA. Ulpian HOTI, Emi HOXHOLLI, Ilda KADRIMI
6 Vol 2. No 1. 2010
The impact of Tourism sector in the economy
of albania
Prof.PhD. Esmeralda URUÇI1
Lecteurer, University “Aleksander Moisiu”, Faculty of Economy and
Administration, Durrës, Albania
Tel: [phone] E-mail address: [email protected]
PhD. Albana BORIÇI (BEGANI)2
Lecteurer, University “Luigj Gurakuqi”, Faculty of Economy, Shkodër,
Shqipëri Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]
E-mail address: [email protected]
abstract
Nowadays, tourism represents a natural social phenomenon, which involves
people, societies and economies of both industrialized and developing countries,
but still remaining not completely understood. People who travel for leisure or
1 Prof. Dr. Esmeralda Uruçi has finished her postgraduate qualification at the University
of Padova, Italy and a wide spectrum of scientific research at the University of Padua,
Perugia and Bologna in Italy; University TEI of Piraeus, Greece; University of Ljubljana,
Slovenia; University of Nebraska, USA; Academy of Science of Bulgaria, etc. Mrs. Uruçi
holds the title Professor since 2004 and has been the Dean of the Faculty of Economics
at the University of Shkodra “Luigj Gurakuqi” and the Minister of Culture, Youth and
Sports of Albania, Director of Public Relations Department of Bank of Albania. She is
a continual lecturer at University “Nostra Signora del Buon Consiglio”. Actually she is
Deputy Dean of Faculty of Business at “Aleksandër Moisiu’ University in Durrës.
2 Dr. Albana Boriçi (Begani) has a Bachelor diploma from Faculty of Economy, University
“Luigj Gurakuqi”, Shkoder [1999] and earned the MBA degree at the Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale, USA on 2002. Mrs. Boriçi has participated in research and qualifi-
cation programs in the field of economic development and business administration at inter-
national level by including Italy (University of Bologna), Germany (University of Applied
Sciences of Eberswlade in Germany, and University of Applied Sciences Braunschweig/
Wolfenbuttel), Austria (University of Graz and Vienna), etc.
Journal of Studies in Economics and Society 7
for business purposes are now a daily reality. Tourism is also considered
to be an important contributor for the development of many countries. In
fact, taking into account the large number of tourism activities and of people
participating in these activities, as well as their extent around the globe, it
can be viewed as one of the largest world industries.
Travel and tourism is likely to figure in all aspects of GDP. First, most
expenditure by tourists would be regarded as consumption spending (C), if it
is for domestic tourism or for the home-provided elements of an international
trip. Second, expenditures by businesses on buildings, plant, equipment and
so on, to provide tourism services, is part of investment (I), together with
similar government expenditures, especially on infrastructure. Third, when a
country sells its transportation or tourism services to international tourists
from elsewhere, this is obviously considered export (Ex) activity for this
country, while the contrary occurs when its residents buy transportation or
tourism services provided by other countries. The later becomes part this
country’s imports.
The purpose of this paper is to evidence the effects of tourism in the
economic progress of countries, both theoretically and practically. At first it
provides a comprehensive analysis of factors affecting tourism contribution
to GDP, such as the stock of a country’s resources, the state of technological
knowledge, the social and political stability and this country’s population
attitudes and habits. Arguments from various researchers in the field of
economics of tourism are provided to support the role of these factors.
Second, the paper aims to evidence how recent developments in the
tourism sector have affected the economy of Albania. Based on data provided
by the National Tourism Agency as well as the Bank of Albania this paper
offers an overview on the number of tourists visiting Albania in the recent
years, on their origin and on the amount of revenues they have supplied our
economy.
Of particular interest is the use of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA)
data to compare the contribution of tourism industry and economy on the
level of GDP and employment between Albania and other Western Balkans
countries for the last two years. The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is a
conceptual framework proposed first in the year 2000 by the World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO). It has constantly been used by the World Travel and
Tourism Council (WTTC), the biggest global private tourism organization,
to evaluate the impact of tourism on the economy of a country, a region
8 Vol 2. No 1. 2010
or on the world economy, for the benefit of travel and tourism decision
makers, operating both in the private and the public sector. Consequently, by
processing and presenting on this paper comparative TSA data for Albania
and other Western Balkans countries, we believe to draw the attention of
both Albanian tourism businesses and government authorities on the great
economic potential of this sector.
Key words: tourism sector, social phenomenon, industrie.
1. INTRODUCTION
Tourism is neither a phenomenon nor a simple set of industries. It is a
human activity, which encompasses human behaviour, use of resources, and
interaction with other people, economies and environments.3
In many economies, the travel and tourism sector has for some time been
recognised as a major area of activity which both draw upon the resources
of those economies and affect their nature and development. Additionally,
governments have increasingly considered it appropriate to use tourism as
a subject or agent of macroeconomic policies. Tourism often has a high
involvement in policies related to employment levels or the balance of
payments, whose significance in modern macroeconomic management is
high.
Travel and tourism is likely to figure in all aspects of GDP. First,
most expenditure by tourists would be regarded as consumption spending
(C), if it is for domestic tourism or for the home-provided elements of an
international trip. Second, expenditures by businesses on buildings, plant,
equipment and so on, to provide tourism services, are part of the GDP
investment (I) component, together with similar government expenditures,
especially on infrastructure. Third, when a country sells its transportation or
tourism services to international tourists from elsewhere, this is obviously
considered export (Ex) activity for this country, while the contrary occurs
when its residents buy transportation or tourism services provided by other
countries. The later becomes part this country’s imports.
3 Bull A., (1995) The economics of travel and tourism, Addison Wesley Longman Australia Pty
Lad., pp.1.
Journal of Studies in Economics and Society 9
2. FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM’S CONTRIBUTION TO GDP
Variations in tourism’s roles and contributions to national economies
in different countries are caused by a number of factors. Some of these are
demand-side factors (that is, the importance of tourism is partly determined
by strength of domestic and inbound demand for local tourism), but the ability
of a tourism sector to expand within an economy to satisfy these demands and
create more depends more frequently on supply-side factors. Tourism in this
respect is no different from any sector.
It is possible to identify five major factors which determine tourism’s role in
GDP. In each case it is likely to be the nature of these factors within the tourism
sector relative to other economic sectors-or the ‘average’ situation within an
economy, rather than their absolute values, which are determinants.4
2.1 The stock of resources
Economic activity depends first and foremost on the stock of resources available
to use as factors of production. In traditional economic terms, these include the
resources of land, labour, capital and enterprise. But, travel and tourism make some
special calls on particular resources concerned with land and its attributes, and the
uniqueness or simple possession of these attributes can ultimately dictate whether
or not an economy is likely to be able to support a tourism sector.
The role and activities of modern tourism, however, demand far more
than just land attributes. Most tourism activities involve some elements of
service, which require a competent and willing labour force. Whilst many
jobs in the industry may not require a very high level of traditional skills or
qualifications, the presence or absence of a pool of labour with a positive
attitude towards tourism and tourists is of vital importance.5
Equally, an economy’s willingness and ability to supply the capital investment
required for a tourism industry, in the shape of infrastructure, hotels, transportation
and so on, will influence the size to which that industry can grow.
4 Bull A., (1995) The economics of travel and tourism, Addison Wesley Longman Australia
Pty Lad., pp.125.
5 De Kadt, E.(1975) Tourism- Passport to Development. Oxford University Press, New York.
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