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JOURNAL OF NORTHWEST SEMITIC LANGUAGES VOLUME 16 1990 VOLUME EDITOR: WALTER T CLAASSEN Professor at the University of Stellenbosch South Africa Editorial Board: Prof T J D Bothma, Prof W T W Cloete, Prof J Cook Dr I Cornelius, Dr P A Kruger, Pfor, P J Nel, Prof J P J Olivier, Prof H F van Rooy Publihsed by the Department of Semitic Languages and Cultures University of Stellenbosch CONTENTS Abbreviations i From the Editorial Board vii Claassen, W T, Bible Information Systems 1-11 Conradie, A F, The Standard Inscription of Ashurnasirpal II: 13-23 Historical Document or Decoration? Cornelius, I, The sun epiphany in Job 38:12-15 and the 25-43 iconography of the gods in the Ancient Near East – the Palestinian connection Klein, G L, The ‘Prophetic Perfect’ 45-60 Kotzé, R J, Reading between the sentences: Notes on the 61-84 sentences relations in 1 Samuel 1:1-8 85-00 Laubscher, F du T, The Restoration of 1 QS 1:1A Mittmann, S,. Hiskia und die Philister 91-106 Mulder, M J, 1 Koningen 8:31 en 32 107-114 Naudé, J A, A Syntactic Analysis of Dislocations in Biblical 115-130 Hebrew Olivier, J P J, The Dawn of Biblical Archaeology 131-140 Pienaar, D N, A Critical Evaluation of Certain Leading 141-151 Concepts in Biblical Archaeology Schmitt, G, Moreschet Gat und Libna: Mit einem Anhang: Zu 153-172 Micha 1:10-16 Snyman, S D, Anthitheses en the Book of Malachi 173-178 Swart, I, The Hebrew Vocabulary of Oppression: The State of 179-197 Semantic Description Van Huÿssteen, P J J, Niqmaddu and the Receiver of Tribute 199-206 by Default: A New Interpretation of RS 17,227, 38-42 Willis, J T q˚mAh yhwh 207-221 Review Article 223-228 Cloete, W T W, A Guide to the Techniques of Hebrew Verse Reviews 229-236 Book List 237 Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 16 (1990) NO ABSTRACTS JournalofNorthwestSemiticLanguagesXVI(1990) REVIEWS DanielBodi,ThebookofEzekielandthepoemofErra(OBO 104). 1991.ISBN3-7278 0731-8.Freiburg/Switzerland: Universi따tsverlag.Noprice. This book by Bodi, at present working in the Department of Old Testament at the UniversityofNeuchatel,representsaremodeledandexpandedversionofhisPh0 disser tation,Terminological and Thematic Comparisons Between the Book ofEzekiel and Akkadian Literature with SpecialReference to the Poem ofErra (Union Theological Seminary,New York,NY,1987). Thecontentionofhisresearchistwofold: * the themes and motifs ofthe Book ofEzekiel lose theirpoint unless they are interpreted in the light oftheir contemporary literature,religious beliefs and practices-withthefocusonthePoemofErra; * thereisthelikelihoodthatintheformulation ofcertainthemesandmotifsofthe BookofEzekielitsauthororredactorkneworemulatedthe Akkadian literary masterpiece,thePoemofErra. In·the light ofthe impossibility ofconducting exegesis without presuppositions, Bodi stateshisbasicassumptionsasfollows: * theBookofEzekielshouldbestudiedasaworkofparticularliterary따디stry; * thereexistsaninter-connectednessofthemes,motifsandexpressionsamongthe literaturesofthe ancientNearEastandtheOldTestamentispartofthis broad culturalandliterarycontinuum; * theBookofEzekielwasoriginallycomposedinaBabylonianenvironment; * withoutsharing adogmatic beliefin the supremacy ofthe Masoretic text,the researchmakesuseoftheBookofEzekielinitsfinalform. Inshort,itallboilsdowntothefollowingworkinghypothesis:“theexistenceofadefinite relationshipbetweenexpressions,themesandmotifsintheBookofEzekielandthePoem ofErra"(pp22-3). Thisrelationshipisbestillustratedbytwelvefeatures sharedbyboth works and these points ofcontact are discussed in descending degree ofprobability, dividedintotwomaincategories. The first category consists of four features which, in the Old Testament, appear uniquelyintheBookofEzekielandarealsopresentinthePoemofEπa: * correspondingverbsfor‘“‘toshowcoαont않l.emptνItre따atwithdesψpite" * etymologicallyrelatednounsfor“amber"; * themotifofthesevenexecutionersinEzekiel9andthedivineseveninErra; * Thecommonmotifofthepreservationfromtheflood. ThesecondcategorycompriseseightfeaturesfoundinantecedentOldTestamenttraditions butusedinsuchawaytosuggestsomeinfluencebythePoemofEπa: * termsmeaning“din"or“noise",whichalsohaveametaphoricalmeaninghybris; 229 230 REVIEWS * correspondingverbsfor“tothrowanet"; * acommontheme:‘“‘t야theabsenceofthedivinityfrom따itsshrineε" * themotifofthenaveloftheearth(JerusalemandBabylon); * thesongofthesword; * theroleofthewatchmanandintercessor; * theremnantandrestorationmotifs; * therecognitionformulainEzekielandthestatementofrecognitioninErra. Bodialso perceivestwo majordifferen,ces between theWeltanschauung in theBookof EzekielandinthePoemofErra: ontheonehand,thePoemofErraissσictly polytheistic, whilstaradicaldemandformonolatrydominatestheBookofEzekiel; ontheotherhand, thePoemofErrareflectsmagicalpracticesasbeingeffectivebyvirtueofperfonnanceand bycontrasttheBookofEzekielcontainsnomagicaldevicewhichcanmanipulatethefuror ofYahweh. ThedetailedanalysisofthetwelvefeaturescommontoboththeBookofEzekieland thePoemofErracontributestoabetterunderstandingofOldTestamentprophetictradition andofAkkadianliterature.Bodi’sresearchshowstheheuristicpotentialandtheinevitable limitationsofthecomparativestudyofancientNearEasternliterature. B.L. Bosman Dept.ofOldTestament UniversityofStellenbosch STELLENBOSCB7600 SouthAfrica ***** JohannesP. Floss,DavidundJerusalem. Ziele undFolgen desStα, dteroberungsberichts 2 Sam5,6-9 literaturwissenschaftlichbetrachtet(ATS 30). 1987,pp.XI+72. ISBN3 88096-530-7. EOS Verlag. 51.Ottilien.Price:OM 19,--. InthisbookFlossoffersareworkedpaperfrom 1986incorporatingalso thepreparatory detail analyses. Hisinvestigationof2Sam5:6-9waslargelystimulatedbyapartofthe dissertation of Christa Sch하fer-Li야eht않enberg앉er, 앙Stadt und Eidgenιo‘ss Testament(BZA찌r냐156) 1983.Itwasoriginallymeanttofocusontheaimsandresultsof theconquestofthecity,butalreadyinthepaperFlosshadchangedthesubtitletoindicate thefocus on thereportitself. HispointofdepartureistheclassichypothesisofAlbrecht AltthatDavidhadhisprivateannycaptureJerusalemsothathecoulduseitasacentral and neutral capital for the combined realm, took its crown as his third and renamed JerusalemthecityofDavid. AstomethodhefollowsAlt’sdictumthatoneshouldworkwiththetextfromaliterary pointofviewbeforeattemptingahistoricalevaluation.Fromhisinitialanalysesof2Sam 5:6-9and 1Chr 11:4-8 heconcludesthatthelatterissecondaryandunreliable. Therest ofhisstudyisthenbasedon2Sam5:6-9only.TruetotheRichterapproachheprovides the textin transcription and analysedaccordingto itssyntactical structure. He then dis tinguishesbetweencompleteandincompleteinfonnationuptothesentencelevel,aswell REVIEWS 231 ason the textlevel. On the sentencelevel heregards、Q~~ i1~Q-"~ (his sentence 8b) as incomplete,agreeingon thispointwithSch헤fer-Lichtenberger,andrejectingtheviewof Gross thatitisapendensconstruction. Nexthediscusses Sch헤fer-Lichtenberger’ssolu tiontotheproblemsof2Sam5:6-9andespeciallyherinterpretation of,~"asachange ofownership. His study of1그딩 and its directobjects leads him to the conclusion that wherethedirectobjectisalexemeindicatinglocality,theverbrefersto militarycapture withorwithoutfighting. Therefollows aredactioncriticaldiscussion ofthe function of thereportwithinitscontext,andadiscussionofthereferencestoJerusaleminJos 15:63, Jdg 1:21 and 1Sam17:54,afterwhichhesummarisestheresultsofhisstudy. Floss proposes the following view: The expression implied in or miss,ing from sen tence 8bis not'~재 asSch하fer-Lichtenberger suggested,butrat~erno~’ nc,by theuse ofwhichDavidwantedtoprotectthelivesoftheJebusites.Theinversionofthesequence inwhichtheblindandlamearementionedseekstoexpressinverseproportionality.There isnoconnectionbetweentheconquestreportandthevariousreferencesto the lameand blind,althoughthelatterarerelatedamongstthemselves.Itisthereforelikelythatonlyone personaddedtotheoriginalreport.Thel'씻 nJ¥Q isnotJerusalem,andthecitydoesnot come into the story at all. The placing of2Sam 5:6-9 in its present position does not derive from DtrH,butfrom alaterredactor who put it there because ofthe naming of Jerusalemin5:5.BothDtrHandhissourcedidnotknowaconquestreportaswehaveit. ThecityofJerusalemhadlongbeeninIsraelitehandsalready.Theredactormadeuseofa separate tradition concerning the capture of끼쐐 nJ¥Q to glorify David. David’sown intentionwasnottogainacentralandneutralcapital,butmerelytofindaplacewherethe arkcouldstayfinally. Thisview,Flosspointsout,wasalreadystatedbyW.E. Barnesin 1914,buthasnotfounditswayintotherecenthistoriographyoftheperiod. One could raise some questions in response to Floss. In his discussion of the referencesto JerusaleminJoshua,Judges and 1Samuelhedoes notrefertoJdg 19:10 12,whereJerusalemisidentifiedwith Jebus,andiscalled’렌그’η-,’p, and describedas π뀐 "~l때, '~~~-κ한 「앨얀 껴-?~ ,’p. Assuming Floss has an explanation why this text shouldnotbetakenatfacevalue,onewouldha W.T.W. Cloete Dept.ofSemitics UniversityoftheWesternC~p~ BELLVILLE7530 SouthAfrica ***** 232 REVIEWS Jean Koenig,OraclesetliturgiesdeI’exilBabylonien(Etudesd’histoireetdephilosophie religieuses,69.). 1988,pp. 210. ISBN 2-13-041688-8. Paris. Presses Universitaires de France. Noprice. Inthisthoughtprovoking book,Koenigengagesin afresh interpretation ofanumberof enigmatic passages in Deutero-Isaiah. Throughout his analysis, he is concerned to demonstrate that the modern preoccupation with coherence has often obscured the interpretativeprocesses which were at work in the shaping ofthe Biblical text. In this respecthepaysparticularattentiontothehenneneuticalprocesseswhichcanbeidentified invarioustextualtraditions. In the first passage under consideration,namely Isaiah 40:6-8,Koenig points to the textualevidencefor bothalongerreadingascontainedintheMassoretic text(MT),but alsoashorterreading(withoutv7)ascontainedin 1QISa(Qa),andalsopossiblyinpre originalversionsoftheSeptuagint.Thesignificanceoftheshortertextisthatitcontainsa pointertothehistoryofinterpretationbyhighlightingoneofthetwofunctionswhichthe MTtextassumed,namely an oraclewhichdepicts theimminentdemise ofBabylon (vv 6,8). Inhissecondanalysis,KoenigturnstotheinterpretationofIsaiah40:1-26.Thewhole passageofIsaiah40:12-26isunderstoodasapolemicagainsttheclaimswhichweremade for the Babylonian gods in the Table ofDestiniesduringthe annual New Yearfeast. A crucial aspect ofthis proposal turns on theinterpretation ofverse 13b as areferenceto CyrusastheobjectofGod’sdecree. Avarietyoftextualwitnesses,includingQaandQb (I Q ISb), thetranslation ofSymachus and the Massoretic Ketib ofIsaiah 46:11,are inducedin supportofthisreading. In my opinion,Koenigeffectivelydemonstrates that textualwitnesses,assourcesforunderstandingthehenneneuticalprocesseswhichwereat workinJewishcommunities,lendplausibilitytoareadingwhichhasbeendiscountedby mostexegetes. AsforIsaiah40:1-11,therecognitionthatthepassageisdominatedbythedescription ofthetheophanyinverses3-5,pro끼desthebasisforunderstandingtheintegralrelation shipbetween40:1-11and40:12-26.Thecontentionthatthepassagesareheldtogetherby thestructuralelementsofthetheophany,providesaveryplausiblethesiswhichopensthe texttonewandsuggestiveinterpretativepossibilities. In his third and mo REVIEWS 233 Withregard to Is 52:13-15,Koenig addresses two majorproblems. In bothcases his argumentamountstotheretentionofthelectiodifficilioroftheMT,andarejectionofthe attemptsattextualemendation-whicharebasedonvarioustextualwitnesses. Firstly, the term mishat in the MT of 52:14a is interpreted on the principle of homonymy, according to which it enjoys the double connotation of ‘disfigured’ and ‘anointed’.Koenigproceedstodemonstratethatthetextualwitnessesconfirmthepriority ofthe MTreading by providing readings in which both inherent meanings ofthe MT homonymyareemployed.Thisfactservesasacaveatthatmodernexegetesshouldnotσy to resolve the text’s interpretative difficulties by making an exclusive choice for one particularreading. Secondly,Koenigdiscussesthesemanticproblemsconnectedtotheuseofthetechni calcultictermfor‘sprinkling’ (yazzeh)in52:15.Onceagain,apainstakingevaluationof the hermeneutical considerations which were at stake in the various textual witnesses, leadstotheconclusionthatthereadingoftheMT,which isalsopreservedinQa,should bemaintained.ThereasonforthespecificsemanticusageinIsaiah52:15issoughtinthe establishmentofatypologicalconnectionbetweentheritualpracticesofthecultandthe activityoftheservantintheexilicsituation. Throughouttheanalysisofthefourth servantpoem,thereadercanonlybeimpressed by the painstaking and rigorous nature of Koenig’s analysis. His proposals for new approachestooldcrucesinterpretumarebasedonacarefulassessmentofalltheavailable evidence,whetherofaphilologicalorhistoricalnature,andpresentinsightsofwhichthe ensuingdebatewillcertainlyhavetotakecognizance. In hisfinal essay,Koenig contends that the motifofthe liberation ofcaptives from prison allowed the oracles ofIsaiah42:5-9 and49:8-9a,which originallydescribed the liberativeactivityofCyrus,tobereinterpretedasadepictionoftheservant’sroleinfree ingthe nationsfrom theobscurityofpolytheism. Onceagain,therefore,Koenig’sargu mentamountstoapleathatmodernexegetesshouldmodifytheirnotionsofcoherencein ordertobesympathetictothepolivalencyofthetext. Inclosing,Irecommendthisbookasavaluablediscussionofthetreatmentoftextual witnesses thatpertain to the analyis ofDeutero-Isaiah. On abroaderscale,however,i M.J. Oosthuizen Dept.ofBiblicalStudies UniversityofPortElizabeth PORTELIZABETH6001 SouthAfrica ***** 234 REVIEWS Walter E. Rast (ed.) assisted by Marion Zeiger, Preliminary Reports of ASOR SponsoredExcavations 1983-87(BASORSupp!. 26). 1990,pp. 177 + 150figures + 16 tables.JohnsHopkinsUniversityPress. Baltimore. Noprice. ThispublicationisconcernedwiththepreliminaryreportsonASOR-sponsoredexca vationscoveringthefollowing: * TheBronzeAgeSettlementsatTellHalif:PhaseIIExcavations 1983-1987. The multidisciplinary approach followed at Tell Halifresulted in a report that covers a wide range ofsubjects such as the excavations,stratigraphy,ancient economy,human ecology,botanicalremainsandanimalexploitation. Although themain aimofthisexpeditionwastoresearchtheBronzeAgesettlements,the information gained covers aspectsdating from the Chalcolithic to the Modem Arabperiod. * The 1987ExpeditiontoKhirbetIskanderanditsVicinity:FourthPreliminaryReport. The primary objectives of the fourth and final season of Phase I at Khirbet Iskander were to clarify previous work and to unravel some stratigraphical problems before publishing the final report. The expedition’s hypothesis that permanεntsedentaryadaptationintheEarlyBronzeIVandvillagesandtownsof urban.-EBII-IIIperiods wasaviable alternativelifestylewasvindicatedby the resultsofthiscampaign. * MadabaPlainsProject: APreliminaryReportofthe 1987SeasonatTellEI-cUmeiri andVicinity. TheaimofthisprojectwastosurveyandexcavateTellel-‘Umeiriandtheregion within a 5 km radius around the tell. In 1987 attention was focussed on the growth and decline of the economy, society, and agriculture from the Early BronzeAgetotTIoderntimes. * PreliminaryReportonthe 1987SeasonoftheLimesArabicusProject. Theactivitiesofthefourth seasonfocusedontheLejjfinfortress andtheconclu sion ofthe surveyofthelimesregion.Theaimofthisprojectistoexaminethe historicalevolutionoftheRomanfrontiereastoftheDeadSeabetweenthelate thirdandmid-sixthcenturies. Thefourth season ofthis projectyielded useful additional information on this subject. Theheadquartersbuilding,barTacks,andfortificationsofthelegionary fortressofel-l져ijfinwerefurtherexposedandseveralotherareaswereopened.A kitchenintheheadquaτtersprovidedinterestingartifactsandinformationonthe militarydietwhilethesurveyyieldedatotalof500sites. Thisreportisaccornpaniedbyappendicescontainingcataloguesanddiscussions ofcoinsandfaunalremainsrecoveredduringthe 1987excavations. * TheSardisCampaignof1986. Thepurposeofthe 1986campaign was toexcavate,conserveandexamin

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Akkadian Literature with Special Reference to the Poem ofErra (Union Theological Seminary, New York, NY, 1987). The contention ofhis research is twofold:
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