Journal of Hymenoptera research

96 Pages·1992·7.6 MB·English

by  International Society of Hymenopterists

Journal of
Hymenoptera
Research
Volume 17, Number 2 October 2008
ISSN#1070-9428
CONTENTS
WILLIAMS,K.A. andJ. P. PITTS. Threespeciesmasqueradingasone:updatingthetaxonomy
of Pseudomethoca russeola Mickel and P. donaeanae (Cockerell & Fox) (Hymenoptera:
Mutillidae) 127
POLASZEK, A. and S. MANZARI. A new species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
parasitisingAleiiromarginatustephrosiae(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)inIranandOman 134
. . .
KULA,R. R. TaxonomicstatusandlocationoftypespecimensforspeciesofCoelinideaViereck
and Sarops Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) described by Garland T
Riegel 138
KIMSEY, L. S. The Neotropical chrysidid genus Adelphe Mocsary revisited (Hymenoptera:
Chrysididae:Amiseginae) 157
HUBER,J. T,G.A. P. GIBSON,L. S. BAUER,H. LIU, andM. GATES. ThegenusMymaromella
(Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae)inNorthAmerica,withakeytodescribedextant
species 175
FRAMPTON,M.,S.DROEGE,T.CONRAD,S.PRAGER,andM.H.RICHARDS.Evaluationof
DNA
specimenpreservativesfor analysesofbees 195
BARCENAS,N. M ., N. J. THOMPSON,V. GOMEZ-TOVAR,J.A. MORALES-RAMOS, andJ.
S. JOHNSTON. Sex determination and genome size in Catolaccus grandis (Burks,
1954) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) 201
GUPTA,S.K.,S.F.GAYUBO,andW.J.PULAWSKI.OntwoAsianspeciesofthegenusMellinus
Fabricius, 1790 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) 210
OBITUARY:
ClementE. Dasch, 1925-2007 216
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HYM. RES.
J.
Vol. 17(2), 2008, pp. 127-133
Three Species Masquerading as One: Updating the Taxonomy of
&
Pseudotnethoca russeola Mickel and P. donaeanae (Cockerell Fox)
(Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
Kevin A. Williams and James P. Pitts
Utah State University, Department of Biology, Logan, Utah 84322, USA; (KAW)
email: [email protected]
—
Abstract. Pseudomethocadonaeanae(Cockerell&Fox) wasdescribedbasedonfemalesonly,while
P. russeola Mickelwas describedbased onmales only. Manley (1999) synonymized P. russeola with
P. donaeanaeafterassociatingamalethatsuperficiallyresemblesP. russeola withP. donaeanae. Close
examination of male genitalia of specimens currently identified as P. donaeanae, along with
additionalmorphological characters, suggests thatthree species are actuallybeing misidentified as
asinglespecies. OurcomparisonofthemaleassociatedwithP. donaeanaewiththetypespecimenof
P. russeola (male) suggests that these species are not synonymous. The male of P. donaeanae is
described for the first time, and P. russeola new comb., is resurrected from synonymy and
redescribed. The third species, P. ajattara sp. nov. also superficially resembles P. russeola and P.
donaeanae,buthasdefinitivegenitaliawithhookedsetaelocatedventrallyalongtheinternalmargin
ofthe parameres. The females ofneither P. russeola or the undescribed species are known.
Pseudomethoca Ashmead is one of the Pseudomethoca russeola Mickel (1924),
largest diurnal mutillid genera in the New known only from the male, is among the
World, including almost 50 species in the species havingunique coloration. Thehead
United States. Pseudomethoca species occur and mesosoma are black, while the meta-
throughout the Americas, from Canada to soma is orange, and the entire insect is
Argentina (Nonveiller 1990). This range is clothed with silvery setae. The male of P.
slightly misleading, however, because donaeanae (Cockerell & Fox) was discov-
Pseudomethoca appears to be an unnatural ered by Manley (1999), when he attracted
grouping (pers. obs). Like other mutillid two males to a caged female. He identified
genera, Pseudomethoca species exhibit ex- these males as P. russeola and synonymized
treme sexual dimorphism. As a result, less the two species under the name P. donaea-
than half of the species are known from nae presumably based on this "unique"
both sexes (Krombein 1979). Additional coloration. A study of male genitalia and
problems stem from the relative lack of other characters in Pseudomethoca led to the
obvious characters useful for diagnosing discovery of three unique species that
species based on males. While many currently are identified as P. russeola, with
females have unique coloration schemes, all possessing the unique coloration. The
males exhibit a limited suite of coloration, taxonomy and sex associations of these
with most species having the integument species are addressed in this paper.
entirely black and the setae mostly silver. MATERIALS AND TERMINOLOGY
In some cases, males with unique colora-
tion are immediately recognizable, and The following acronyms are used for
additional morphological characters are institutions housing the material discussed
ignored. in the current study:
128 JournalofHymenoptera Research
ANSP Department of Entomology, reproducibly measure an elongate punc-
Academy of Natural Sciences, ture.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
USA. Pseudomethoca ajattara, new species
ASUT Frank M. Hasbrouck Insect (Figs 1, 2, 5, 7, 10-13)
Collection, Department of Zo- —
ology, Arizona State Universi- Diagnosis. The male is similar to P.
ty, Tempe, Arizona, USA. donaeanae and P. russeola in coloration,
CASC DepartmentofEntomology,Ca- wherein the integument of the head and
lifornia Academy of Sciences, mesosoma is black, the integument of the
San Francisco, California, USA. metasoma is orange, and the setae are
CISC Essig Museum of Entomology, silvery white (Fig. 1). This species can be
Department of Entomological separated from other species with this
Sciences, University of Califor- coloration by the following combination of
nia, Berkeley, California, USA. characters: the head is narrower than pro-
CSUC C.P. Gillette Arthropod Biodi- notum; the clypeus is expanded anteriorly
versity Museum, Department with two medial approximate teeth (Fig. 7);
of Entomology, Colorado State the apical fringes of T2-4 have dense, thick,
University, Fort Collins, Colo- pale golden setae, while T4-5 have inter-
rado, USA. spersed brown and pale golden setae; the
DGM Personal Collection of Donald paramere has long, elbowed setae along the
G. Manley, Pee Dee Research internalmargin (Fig. 10); and the cuspis has
Center, Florence South Caro- an apical finger-like process (F—ig. 10).
lina, USA. Male holotype description. Coloration:
EMUS Department of Biology Insect Head and mesosoma black to dark red-
Collection, Utah State Univer- dish-brown, except metapleuron red; me-
sity, Logan, Utah, USA. tasoma orange; legs dark reddish-brown;
TAMU Department of Entomology In- tibial spurs reddish-brown, lighter than
sect Collection, Texas A&M legs. Wings slightly infuscated. Setae of
University, College Station, head, mesosoma, and legs silvery white,
Texas, USA. except mesonotum with erect and ap-
NMNH Department of Entomology, pressed dark brown setae. Setae of meta-
Smithsonian Institution, Na- soma entirely pale golden, exceptT5-6 and
tional Museum of Natural His- disc of T2 having interspersed brown and
tory, Washington, District of pale golden setae. Head: Narrower than
Colombia, USA. pronotum, densely punctate throughout.
Mandible oblique, tridentate apically, inner
The holotype of P. russeola was exam- tooth strongly developed (Fig. 7). Clypeus
ined, but that of P. donaeanae was not densely punctate, anteriorly expanded,
available. We have used the acronyms T2, covering inner margin of mandibles, with
T3, etc., to denote the second, third, etc., two approximate median teeth (Fig. 7).
metasomal tergites while S2, S3, etc., Antennal scrobe lacking carina. Ocelli
denote the second, third, etc., metasomal miniscule; ocellocular distance 10X length
sternites. Lastly, punctures can sometimes of lateral ocellus, interocellar distance 3X
be elongate and their posterior edge lateral ocellar length. Flagellomere I 2X
indistinct. We have used the term ''punc- pedicel length; flagellomere II 3X pedicel
ture width'' to indicate the transverse length. Mesosoma: Pronotum moderately
measurement of the width of a puncture. punctate; mesonotum and scutellum
This is the only way to accurately and denselypunctate; mesopleuronmoderately
Volume 17, Number2, 2008 129
Figs 1-6: Habitus, Fig. 1: Pseudomethoca ajattara. Metasomal terga, Figs. 2-4; Fig. 2: P. ajattara; Fig. 3: P.
donaeanae; Fig. 4: P. russeola. Forewing, Figs. 5-6: Fig. 5: P. ajattara; Fig. 6: P. donaeanae.
punctate with micropunctures anteriorly, with micropunctures and fine setae among
metapleuron glabrous; propodeum reticu- punctations. Hypopygidium denselypunc-
late dorsally, horizontally striate laterally. tate, apical margin nearly flat. Genitalia
Tegula evenly convex, punctate and pu- (Figs 10-13): Paramere tapering apically,
bescent throughout. Marginal cell 2.75X curved ventrally and slightly curved later-
length ofstigma. Metasoma: Petiolebroadly ally at apex, with dense ventral brush and
sessile, evenlyconvex. Apical fringes ofT2- long curved bristles along inner margin.
4 forming dense rows of short, evenly Cuspis with apical, finger-like process,
spaced, slightly curved, pale golden bris- 0.4X free length of paramere, setose basal-
tles; bristles separated by 0.5X bristle ly, with apical tuft and short, thick bristles
width. Tl with ovate punctures; T2 and on venter of finger-like process. Basal lobe
S2 moderately punctate; T3-6 and S3-6 of cuspis short, glabrous. Penis valve
moderately punctate. SI with low longitu- unidentat—e apically, hooked baso-dorsally.
dinal carina. Pygidium densely punctate, Length. 10 mm.
130 Journalof Hymenoptera Research
Figs 7-21: Clypeus, Figs. 7-10; Fig. 7: Pseudomethoca ajattara; Fig. 8: P. donaeanae; Fig. 9: P. russeola. Male
genitalia:dorsalview,ventralview,lateralview,andpenialvalve,Figs10-21:Figs10-13:P.ajattara;Figs14-17;
P. donaeanae; Figs 18-21: P. russeola.
—
Female. Unknown. the pronotum and genae, where the punc-
—
Host. Unknown. tures are deep and contiguous. The curved
—
Etymology. From Finnish mythology, setae on the internal margin of the para-
Ajattara is an evil forest spirit. Treat as mere of these two species are unique
noun in apposition. among United States species. In Mexico,
—
Distribution. USA: southeasternArizona. however, atleast three undescribed species
Holotype.—USA: ARIZONA: Cochise Co., have been examined with this genitalic
Portal, 8.IX.1974, H. & M. Townes coll. feature (pers. obs.), which will be described
(EMUS). at a later date.
—
Remarks. This new species is closely
related to P. nigricula Mickel based on the Pseudomethoca donaeanae
genitalia, which are virtually identical (Cockerell and Fox)
(Figs 10-13; Fig. 6 in Mickel 1924). These (Figs 3, 6, 8, 14-17)
species can be separated by setal and
Sphaeropthalma dona-anae Cockerell and Fox,
integumental coloration; P. nigricula has 1897: 136. Holotype 9, USA, New Mexico
the integument and setae entirely black, (ANSP).
whileP. ajattara sp. nov. has the metasomal Mutilla donae-anae Fox, 1899: 224. 9
integument orange and most of the setae Pseudomethoca Donae-Anae Andre, 1903: 28. 9
pale golden (Fig. 1). Additionally, P. nigri- PseudomethocadonaeanaeKrombein, 1979: 1302.9
cula has coarser punctation, especially on Pseudomethoca donaeanae Manley, 1999: 32. 9 <$
Volume 17, Number2, 2008 131
—
Female diagnosis. This species can im- evenly convex, pubescent anteriorly, gla-
mediately be separated from all other brous posteriorly. Marginal cell 1.75X
known females of North American Pseudo- length of stigma (Fig. 6). Metasoma: Petiole
methoca by the presence of a prominent broadly sessile, evenly convex. Apical
rugose tubercle on the dorsum of the fringes of T2-5 and S2-4 forming rows of
propodeummedially, althoughthe females short, evenly spaced, slightly curved, sil-
of P. ajattara and P. russeola are unknown. very white bristles, those of T2-5 separated
—
Male diagnosis. The male is similar to P. by the bristle width, those of S2-4 separat-
russeola and P. ajattara sp. nov. in colora- ed by 2X the bristle width (Fig. 3). Tl with
tion, wherein the integument of the head elongate shallow punctures; T2 and S2
and mesosoma is black, the integument of moderately punctate; T3-6 and S3-6 densely
the metasoma is orange, and the setae are punctate. SI with low longitudinal carina.
silverywhite. This species canbeseparated Pygidium densely punctate, with micro-
from these species by the following com- puncturesandfinesetaeamongpunctations.
bination of characters: head broader than Hypopygidium densely punctate, apical
pronotum; clypeus with small, widely margin slightly convex. Genitalia (Figs 14-
separated lateral teeth (Fig. 8); fringes of 17): Paramere tapering apically, moderately
T2-4 with thick, slightly curved, pale silver setose throughout,weakly curved ventrally.
setae and T5 with simple intermixed black Cuspis short, 0.25X free length ofparamere,
and silver setae (Fig. 3); paramere covered rectangular, setosethroughout. Basallobeof
with simple setae only (Fig. 14); and cuspis cuspis extendingbeyond anteriormargin of
rectangular (Fig. 14—). cuspis, dorsally curved, glabrous. Penis
Male description. Coloration: Head and valve unidentate with ventral lobe apically,
mesosoma black or dark reddish-brown; hooked basodorsally.
—
metasoma orange; legs reddish-brown, Length. 8-9 mm.
—
lighter than head and mesosoma; tibial Host. Unknown.
spurs white; wings slightly infuscated. Distribution.—USA: southern Arizona
Setae of head, mesosoma, and legs silvery and New Mexico, southeastern California;
white, except mesonotum having ap- MEXICO: northeastern Baja California.
pressed black setae interspersed with erect
—
white setae. Setae of metasoma entirely Material examined. USA: ARIZONA: Cochise
silvery white, except T6-7 and disc of T2 Co.,Portal,IS,2.LX.1959,H.E.Evanscoll.(DGM);
having some black setae. Head: Broader Maricopa Co., Granite Reef Dam, IS, 4.X.1964,
than pronotum. Front and gena densely J.W. Debolt (ASUT); Pinal Co., Sacaton, IS, Geo.
punctate, vertex moderately punctate. Harrisoncoll. (NMNH); CALIFORNIA: Imperial
Co., El Centro, IS lo, 7.VII.1955, A. Ross coll.
Mandible oblique,tridentateapically, inner (EMUS); NEW MEXICO: Dona Ana Co.: Hatch,
tooth strongly developed (Fig. 8). Clypeus IS, 28-29.VII.1974, H. & M. Townes coll.
weakly punctate, flat anteriorly, with two (EMUS); 2 km E Radium Springs, IS, 2.X.1992,
small, sharp, lateral teeth (Fig. 8). Antennal D.G.Manleycoll. (DGM);HidalgoCo.:Rodeo,IS,
scrobe lacking carina. Ocelli minuscule; 28.Vm.1959, H.E. Evans coll. (DGM). MEXICO:
ocellocular distance 10X length of lateral BAJA CALIFORNIA: Mexicali, IS, 16.VI.1956
W
ocellus, interocellar distance 3X lateral (CSUC); SONORA: 2.6 mi La Jollita, IS,
ocellar length. Flagellomere I 1.5X pedicel 21.IX.1967, G—. I. Marsh coll. (CISC).
length; flagellomere II 2.5X pedicel length. Remarks. The sex association was dis-
Mesosoma: Pronotum and scutellum dense- coveredbyManley (1999), whenhe attract-
ly punctate; mesonotum and mesopleuron ed two males to a caged female specimen
moderately punctate; metapleuron gla- in New Mexico. He identified the males as
brous; propodeum reticulate dorsally, an- P. russeola Mickel, and synonymized the
terior margin glabrous laterally. Tegula two species. Althoughthis malekeys outto
132 Journalof Hymenoptera Research
P. russeola using Mickel (1924, 1935), it has ocellocular distance 10X length of lateral
numerous morphological differences from ocellus, interocellar distance 3X lateral
the type of that species. Most notably, the ocellar length. Flagellomere I 1.5X pedicel
head is broader than the pronotum (nar- length; flagellomere II 2.5X pedicel length.
rower in P. russeola), the clypeus is gla- Marginal cell of forewing 1.5X length of
brous anteromedially (Fig. 8) (punctate stigma. First metasomal sternum with low
throughout in P. russeola) (Fig. 9), and longitudinal carina. Pygidium densely
metasomal terga two to four have rows of punctate, with micropunctures and fine
short silver bristles (Fig. 3) (the terga of P. setae among punctations. Hypopygidium
russeola have simple setae only) (Fig. 4). densely punctate, apical margin slightly
Manley (1999) also suggests that the convex. Genitalia (Figs 18-21): Paramere
record of P. donaeanae from Calexico, CA tapering apically, moderately setose
may be based on a mislabelled specimen, throughout, weakly curved ventrally. Cus-
and that it was unlikely that P. donaeanae pis short, 0.25X free length of paramere,
actually lives that far west. A male and rectangular, setose throughout. Basal lobe
female from El Centro, CA and a male of cuspis extending beyond anterior mar-
from Mexicali, Baja California have been gin of cuspis, dorsally curved, glabrous.
examined, however, andboth ofthese sites Penis valve unidentate apically, angulate
are within 15 miles of Calexico. Thus, we basodorsally.
—
believe that the Calexico locality is legiti- Length. 8-10 mm.
—
mate. This is a relatively uncommon Female. Unknown.
—
distribution, but many species of Dasymu- Host. Unknown.
—
tilla Ashmead that are typically recognized Distribution. USA: southern Texas.
—
from Arizona and New Mexico, have also Material examined. USA: TEXAS: Bexar Co.:
been found in the western Sonoran Desert Leon Creek, 1& 19X1952, M. Wasbauer coll.;
in California (Hurd, 1951). Hidalgo Co.: Bentsen Rio Grande State Park, 1<$,
27.IV.1986, W.J. Pulawski coll. (CASC); 5<?,
Pseudomethoca russeola Mickel 27.V.1979, H. Evans, A. Hook & W. Rubick coll.
(Figs 4, 9, 18-21) (CSUC); 4& 15.V.1979, H. Evans, A. Hook & W.
NEW Rubick coll. (CSUC); 1& 13.VI.1978, C.C Porter
Pseudomethoca russeola Mickel, 1924: 44. coll. (DGM); Kleberg Co., Route 2045E, 30 mi. E
SCaOnMDBiIeNgoA,T4IOMNa.yH1o90l1o,tRyAp.e <C?,uUsShAm,anTexcoalsl,. KinRgesvmialrlkes,.1—&T3hX1i.s19s9p0e,cTi.eCsarsleoewmcsoll.to(TbAeMUr)e.-
(NMNH).
stricted to the humid area of southern
simDiilaagrnotsoiPs..—donTaheeanamealaendoPf.atjhaitstarsapescpi.ensovi.s TMeexxaisc,oanadsiswellilke.lyWteo exdtiedndnfoatr sfoiuntdh ianntyo
in coloration, whereinthe integument ofthe Mexican P. russeola specimens, most likely
headandmesosomaisblack,theintegument because few Pseudomethoca were available
ofthemetasomais orange, and the setae are from that region. Unlike the other species
silvery white. This species can be separated examined in this paper, this species lacks
from these species by the following combi- thickened bristles on the metasomal terga,
nation of characters: head narrower than having only simple setae (Fig. 9).
pronotum; clypeus with moderate, separat- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
edlateralteeth(Fig. 9);T2-5withintermixed
sparse,simple,blackandsilversetae(Fig. 4); We would first like to thank Donald G. Manley at
paramere covered with simple setae only thePeeDeeResearchCenterforallowingustoborrow
(Fig. 18); and cuspis rectangular—(Fig. 18). vthoeuchceurrastporescimoefnsalflrotmhehismpurseevuiomussswtuhdoy.Wpreovtihdaendk
Additions to male description. Antennal specimens for this study. KAW was able to search
scrobe lacking carina. Ocelli minuscule; for specimens in Portal, AZ using funds from the
Volume 17, Number2, 2008 133
Theodore RooseveltMemorial Fund of the American Krombein, K. V. 1979. Chapter 76. Mutillidae. Pp.
Museum of Natural History. This research was 1276-1313in: Krombein, K. V., etal., eds. Catalog
supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment ofHymenoptera in America North ofMexico vol. 2.
Station, and Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C,
Approved asjournalpaper no. 7921. xvi + 1199-2209 pp.
Manley, D. G. 1999. A synonymy for Pseudomethoca
LITERATURE CITED donaeanae (Cockerell & Fox) (Hymenoptera: Mu-
tillidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 75: 32-34.
Andre, E. 1903. Mutillidae. Genera Insectorum 1: 1-77. Mickel,C. E. 1924.Arevisionofthemutillidwaspsof
Cockerell,T.D.A.andW.J.Fox.1897.Descriptionsof the generaMyrmilloides andPseudomethoca occur-
New Hymenoptera from New Mexico. Proceed- ringinAmericanorthofMexico.Proceedingsofthe
ingsoftheAcademyofNatural Sciences,Philadelphia United StatesNationalMuseum 64: 1-52.
49: 135-141. . 1935. Descriptions and records of nearctic
Fox, W. J. 1899. The North American Mutillidae. mutillid wasps of the genera Myrmilloides and
Transactions ofthe American Entomological Society Pseudomethoca (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Annals
25: 219-292. ofthe Entomological Society ofAmerica 29: 29-60.
HurdJr.,P. D. 1951.TheCaliforniaVelvetAntsofthe Nonveiller, G. 1990. Catalog of the Mutillidae,
GenusDasymutillaAshmead (Hymenoptera: Mu- Myrmosidae and Bradynobaenidae of the Neo-
tillidae). Bulletin ofthe California Inset SurveyVol. tropical region including Mexico. Hymenopter-
1,4: 88-114+1 plate. orum Catalogus, Pars 18: 1-350.
HYM. RES.
J.
Vol. 17(2), 2008, pp. 134-137
A New Species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Parasitising
Aleuromarginatus tephrosiae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Iran and Oman
Andrew Polaszek and Shahab Manzari
(AP) Dept ofEntomology, the Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, U.K. (SM) Insect
Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 1454,
Tehran 19395, Iran; email: [email protected]
—
Abstract. EncarsiaindigoferaePolaszek&Manzari,newspecies,isdescribedandillustrated.It
is known from Iran and Oman, and all known specimens were reared from the whitefly
Aleuromarginatus tephrosiae Corbett.
The purpose of this paper is to describe a Encarsia species are mostlyparasitoids of
new species in the genus Encarsia. E. whiteflies and armoured scale insects
indigoferaeisclearlyamemberoftheEncarsia (Diaspididae), and are of considerable
strenua-group, having scutellar sensilla sep- economic importance. The systematics
arated by approximately the maximum and biology of the genus are treated in
diameter of one ser\sillum (see Fig. 4), a detail by Heraty—et al. (2008).
characteristic stigmal vein with an asetose Abbreviations.
area above it, and a seta present at the NHM
junction of the marginal and submarginal Natural History Museum, Lon-
don, U.K.
vsetirnesn.uaI-tgrdoiuffperisnfhraovminogthaercospmebciineastioofnthoef HMIM Hayk Mirzayans Insect Muse-
three setae on the submarginal vein and a um, Iranian Research Institute
rugose stemmaticum. The host,Aleuromargi- of Plant Protection, Tehran,
IRAN.
natus tephrosiae Corbett, was described from
Sierra Leone (Corbett 1935) and is wide-
spread in Africa and Asia, apparently Encarsia indigoferae Polaszek & Manzari
specific tovarious Papilionaceae (Bink-Moe- new species
nen 1983). It seems probable that E. indigo- Figs 1-A
ferae is more widespread than is currently —
known. It is worth mentioning that within Description. Female
the colony of A. tephrosiae on Indigofera sp. Colour. Head andbodyyellow exceptthe
collected in Iran, parasitised pupae of following areas pigmented with brown
Zaphanera cyanotis Corbett with parasitoid (Fig. 1): three spots on stemmaticum
emergence holes were also collected. These (Fig. 3), adjacent to ocelli; pronotum and
two whitefly species, which had heavily front of mesoscutum, notauli (especially
infested Indigofera sp. in the collecting areas, poteriorly); most of axillae, but fading
were found to be mostly parasitised. It is posteriorly; T2 and T3-T6 either just later-
quite likely that Z. cyanotis is also being ally or more extensively. Antennae and
parasitisedbyE. indigoferaebutnoparasitoid legs uniformly pale brown, or appearing
was reared from the former species. paler, almost yellow. Fore wings hyaline.
Morphology. Stemmaticum with densely
To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail rugose surface sculpture (Fig. 3). Antennal
[email protected] formula 1,1,3,3 (Fig. 2). Pedicel equal in