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JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE General Index Volume 20 1992 Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 181—282 Number 4 283-384 Number 5 385-498 Pergamon Press New York « Oxford * Seoul » Tokyo JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE The Journal of Criminal Justice is an international journal intended to fill the present need for the dissemination of new information, ideas and methods, to both practitioners and academicians in the criminal justice area. The Journal is concerned with all aspects of the criminal justice system in terms of their relationships to each other. Although materials are presented relating to crime and the individual elements of the criminal justice system, the emphasis of the Journal is to tie together the functioning of these elements and to illustrate the effects of their interactions. Papers that reflect the application of new disciplines or analytical methodologies to the problems of criminal justice are of special interest. Since the purpose of the Journal is to provide a forum for the dissemination of new ideas, new information, and the application of new methods to the problems and functions of the criminal justice system, the Journal emphasizes innovation and creative thought of the highest quality. The Journal of Criminal Justice, an international journal, is published bimonthly. It is indexed in Psychological Abstracts, Crime & Delinquency Literature, IBZ, Current Law index, and many other reference services. Editorial Office: Communications to the Editor and all manuscripts should be sent to the Editorial Office, Journal of Criminal Justice, P.O. Box 1563, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA. Publishing, Advertising and Subscription Offices: Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153, USA, INTERNET "[email protected]"” or Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford, OX3 OBW, England. Published Bimonthly. Annual institutional subscription rate (1993): £210.00 (US$399.00). Professional subscription rates for those whose library subscribes at the regular rate: (1993): £74.00 (US$141.00). Sterling prices are definitive. US dollar prices are quoted for convenience only are are subject to exchange rate fluctuation. Members of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences may order personal subscriptions at a concessional rate, details of these rates are available upon request. Prices include postage and are subject to change without notice. Notify 8 weeks in advance of address change with a copy of the subscription mailing label. Journal of Criminal Justice Vol. 20, pp. 593—603 (1992) 0047—2352/92 $5.00 + .00 All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Copyright ©1992 Pergamon Press Ltd TITLES Title Author Academic Credit for Life Experiences in Criminal Galan M. Janeksela Justice: Issues and Concerns Ronald G. lacovetta Appraising the Performance of Police Patrol Gerasimos A. Gianakis Officers: The Florida Experience Bringing the Convict Back in: An Ecological Lincoln J. Fry Approach to Inmate Adaptations Wolfgang Frese A Comparison of Perceptions of the Work Kevin N. Wright Environment Between Minority and Non-Minority William G. Saylor Employees of the Federal Prison System Convenience Store Robberies James D. Calder John R. Bauer Determinants of Probation and Parole Officer John T. Whitehead Professional Orientation Charles A. Lindquist DNA Fingerprinting: Basic Techniques, Problems, Rene J. Herrera and Solutions Martin L. Tracey, Jr. Drug Treatment in Jails: Results of a Nationwide Roger H. Peters Survey Robert L. May, Il William D. Kearns The Effects of Emergency Medical Care on the David J. Giacopassi Homicide Rate: Some Additional Evidence Jerry R. Sparger Preston M. Stein The Effects of the Furman and Gregg Decisions on Thomas J. Keil Black-White Execution Ratios in the South Gennaro F. Vito Entry-Level Police Selection: The Assessment Joan Pynes Center is an Alternative H. John Bernardin First-Time and Multiple-DWI Offenders: A Larry A. Gould Comparison of Criminal History Records and BAC Kristin Herke Gould Levels 594 Titles From Victim to Political Activist: An Empirical Brent L. Smith 201 Examination of a Statewide Victims’ Rights C. Ronald Huff Movement Hidden Disparities in Case Processing: New York James F. Nelson 181 State, 1985-1986 Improving Citizen Perceptions of the Police: “Back Ken Peak 25 to the Basics” with a Community Policing Strategy Robert V. Bradshaw Ronald W. Glensor Inferring the Criminal Mind: Toward a Bridge Laurence J. Severance 107 Between Legal Doctrine and Psychological Jane Goodman Understanding Elizabeth F. Loftus Inmate Classification James Bonta 343 Laurence L. Motiuk Jury Nullification, Or Prejudice and Ignorance in Rita J. Simon 261 the Marion Barry Trial Liberty, Restraint, and Criminal Justice: Gerald R. George T. Felkenes 147 Ford’s Presidential Concerns Men Guarding Women: An Analysis of the Linda L. Zupan 297 Employment of Male Correction Officers in Prisons for Women Metropolitan Gang Influence and the Emergence of Richard G. Zevitz 93 Group Delinquency in a Regional Community Susan R. Takata One- and Two-Person Patrols: A Review Carlene Wilson 443 Neil Brewer The One-Year Community Supervision James W. Shaw 501 Performance of Drug Offenders and Louisiana Doris L. MacKenzie DOC-Identified Substance Abusers Graduating from Shock Incarceration Police Officer Decisionmaking in Potentially Lorie A. Fridell 385 Violent Confrontations Arnold Binder The Police Personality: Type A Behavior and Trait Barry J. Evans 429 Anxiety Greg J. Coman Robb O. Stanley Police Style and Legally Serious Crime: A John P. Crank 401 Contextual Analysis of Municipal Police Departments Probation Officer Victimization: An Emerging Charles Lindner 53 Concern Richard J. Koehler Probationer Violations and Officer Response Todd R. Clear Patricia M. Harris S. Christopher Baird Titles The Processing of Drug Arrestees: Questioning the Peter B. Kraska Assumption of an Ambivalent Reaction Retribution and Capital Punishment: Toward a Robert M. Bohm Better Understanding of Death Penalty Opinion Ruffin v. Virginia and Slaves of the State: A Donald E. Wallace Nonexistent Baseline of Prisoners’ Rights Jurisprudence The Spatial Distribution of Sting Targets Robert H. Langworthy James L. LeBeau Spatial Evolution of a Sting Clientele Robert H. Langworthy James L. LeBeau Staff Turnover in New Generation Jails: An Mark K. Stohr Investigation of its Causes and Prevention Ruth L. Self Nicholas P. Lovrich Stress in Corrections: An Overview of the Issues Robert G. Huckabee Toward a More Just Criminal Code in Pre- Leonore Loft Revolutionary France: J.-P. Brissot (1754—1793) Women Misdemeanants in the Allegheny County Joan E. Crowley Jail 1892-1923 Lynne M. Adrian AUTHORS Author Title Adrian, Lynne M. Women Misdemeanants in the Allegheny County Jail 1892-1923 Baird, S. Christopher Probationer Violations and Officer Response Bauer, John R. Convenience Store Robberies Bernardin, H. John Entry-Level Police Selection: The Assessment Center is an Alternative Binder, Arnold Police Officer Decisionmaking in Potentially Violent Confrontations Bohm, Robert M. Retribution and Capital Punishment: Toward a Better Understanding of Death Penalty Opinion Bonta, James Inmate Classification Bradshaw, Robert V. Improving Citizen Perception of the Police: “Back to the Basics” with a Community Policing Strategy Brewer, Neil One- and Two-Person Patrols: A Review Calder, James D. Convenience Store Robberies Clear, Todd R. Probationer Violations and Officer Response Coman, Greg J. The Police Personality: Type A Behavior and Trait Anxiety Crank, John P. Police Style and Legally Serious Crime: A Contextual Analysis of Municipal Police Departments Crowley, Joan E. Women Misdemeanants in the Allegheny County Jail 1892-1923 Evans, Barry J. The Police Personality: A Type Behavior and Trait Anxiety 597 598 Authors Felkenes, George T. Liberty, Restraint, and Criminal Justice: Gerald R. 147 Ford’s Presidential Concerns Frese, Wolfgang Bringing the Convict Back in: An Ecological 355 Approach to Inmate Adaptations Fridell, Lorie A. Police Officer Decisionmaking in Potentially 385 Violent Confrontations Fry, Lincoln J. Bringing the Convict Back in: An Ecological 355 Approach to Inmate Adaptations Giacopassi, David J. The Effects of Emergency Medical Care on the 249 Homicide Rate: Some Additional Evidence Gianakis, Gerasimos A. Appraising the Performance of Police Patrol 413 Officers: The Florida Experience Glensor, Ronald W. Improving Citizen Perceptions of the Police: “Back 25 to the Basics” with a Community Policing Strategy Goodman, Jane Inferring the Criminal Mind: Toward a Bridge 107 Between Legal Doctrine and Psychological Understanding Gould, Kristen Herke First-Time and Multiple-DWI Offenders: A 527 Comparison of Criminal History Records and BAC Levels Gould, Larry A. First-Time and Multiple-DWI Offenders: A 527 Comparison of Criminal History Records and BAC Levels Harris, Patricia M. Probationer Violations and Officer Response Herrera, Rene J. DNA Fingerprinting: Basic Techniques, Problems, and Solutions Huckabee, Robert G. Stress in Corrections: An Overview of the Issues 479 Huff, C. Ronald From Victim to Political Activist: An Empirical 201 Examination of a Statewide Victims’ Rights Movement lacovetta, Ronald G. Academic Credit for Life Experiences in Criminal 567 Justice: Issues and Concerns Janeksela, Galan M. Academic Credit for Life Experiences in Criminal 567 Justice: Issues and Concerns Kearns, William D. Drug Treatment in Jails: Results of a Nationwide 283 Survey Keil, Thomas J. The Effects of the Furman and Gregg Decisions on 217 Black-White Execution Ratios in the South Authors Koehler, Richard J. Probation Officer Victimization: An Emerging Concern Kraska, Peter B. The Processing of Drug Arrestees: Questioning the Assumption of an Ambivalent Reaction Langworthy, Robert H. The Spatial Distribution of Sting Targets Spatial Evolution of a Sting Clientele LeBeau, James L. The Spatial Distribution of Sting Targets Spatial Evolution of a Sting Clientele Lindner, Charles Probation Officer Victimization: An Emerging Concern Lindquist, Charles A. Determinants of Probation and Parole Officer Professional Orientation Loft, Leonore Toward a More Just Criminal Code in Pre- Revolutionary France: J.-P. Brissot (1754—1793) Loftus, Elizabeth F. Inferring the Criminal Mind: Toward a Bridge Between Legal Doctrine and Psychological Understanding Lovich, Nicholas P. Staff Turnover in New Generation Jails: An Investigation of Its Causes and Prevention MacKenzie, Doris L. The One-Year Community Supervision Performance of Drug Offenders and Louisiana DOC-Identified Substance Abusers Graduating from Shock Incarceration May, Robert L., Il Drug Treatment in Jails: Results of a Nationwide Survey Motiuk, Laurence L. Inmate Classification Nelson, James F. Hidden Disparities in Case Processing: New York State, 1985—1986 Peak, Ken Improving Citizen Perceptions of the Police: “Back to the Basics” with a Community Policing Strategy Peters, Roger H. Drug Treatment in Jails: Results of a Nationwide Survey Pynes, Joan Entry-Level Police Selection: The Assessment Center is an Alternative Saylor, William G. A Comparison of Perceptions of the Work Environment Between Minority and Non-Minority Employees of the Federal Prison System 600 Authors Self, Ruth L. Staff Turnover in New Generation Jails: An 455 Investigation of Its Causes and Prevention Severance, Laurence J. Inferring the Criminal Mind: Toward a Bridge 107 Between Legal Doctrine and Psychological Understanding Shaw, James W. The One-Year Community Supervision 501 Performance of Drug Offenders and Louisiana DOC-Identified Substance Abusers Graduating from Shock Incarceration Simon, Rita J. Jury Nullification, Or Prejudice and Ignorance in 261 the Marion Barry Trial Smith, Brent L. From Victim to Political Activist: An Empirical 201 Examination of a Statewide Victims’ Rights Movement Sparger, Jerry R. The Effects of Emergence Medical Care on the 249 Homicide Rate: Some Additional Evidence Stanley, Robb O. The Police Personality: Type A Behavior and Trait 429 Anxiety Stein, Preston M. The Effects of Emergency Medical Care on the 249 Homicide Rate: Some Additional Evidence Stohr, Mary K. Staff Turnover in New Generation Jails: An 455 Investigation of Its Causes and Prevention Takata, Susan R. Metropolitan Gang Influence and the Emergence of 93 Group Delinquency in a Regional Community Tracey, Martin L., Jr. DNA Fingerprinting: Basic Techniques, Problems, 237 and Solutions Vito, Gennaro F. The Effects of the Furman and Gregg Decisions on 217 Black-White Execution Ratios in the South Wallace, Donald E. Ruffin v. Virginia and Slaves of the State: A 333 Nonexistent Baseline of Prisoners’ Rights Jurisprudence Whitehead, John T. Determinants of Probation and Parole Officer 13 Professional Orientation Wilson, Carlene One- and Two-Person Patrols: A Review 443 Wright, Kevin N. A Comparison of the Perceptions of the Work 63 Environment Between Minority and Non-Minority Employees of the Federal Prison System Zevitz, Richard G. Metropolitan Gang Influence and the Emergence of 93 Group Delinquency in a Regional Community